that we'd have robots in our homes carrying out household chores and that hasn't really happened well here's something that might change all that in this lab to developing a prototype robot that we might sometime soon have in our kitchens at home. this is the. kitchen a pair of fully computerized mechanical arms set in a purpose built capsule. dion's replicate the movements of a human chef and today the robots cooking the crab beaks. so you can see it moves not like a robot you can russian lawyers come in very simple movements you get a robot a very human fluid we are using motion capture we've recorded the movements of the chef's hands while they're cooking a real recipe and then this system will reproduce those movements exactly so in

principle it should be exactly as good a cook as a master chef according to the chef is more consistent than a human chef so when a chef is cooking they called it was good timing is that temperatures are going to mount exactly right decision you always get the same comments around the schools with. the robot because the same drill because it's repeats is very nice leads back to the same motions. i mean at the moment you have to have all the ingredients at exactly the right place because of course the robot is operating line business is a blind deaf and not so confidently called see what it's doing. one of the reasons robots have made it into the hardware is how difficult it is to do all the three d. vision complex right here hartman's do all the planning actually intelligently being able to make decisions like all the solti is not where i fool or insects and you can find it right now. yes you can try to find it hiding behind something all

mixed in with things that look similar sort of things that we take for granted are very very easy with the commuter lines in iraq. so we've taken a much simpler approach to standardize everything in the kitchen to make it a very controlled environment controlled light see it's defined positions for the greens and now we can just run this recipe and it works every single time. the last detail is to have a few drops of truffle oil i really go. if i. even this in a restaurant is cooked by human chef. i guess i would be surprised that enjoy it for some reason i wasn't quite expecting it to taste so nice and to i mean this is exactly as a chef would cook it and yet i've witnessed a robot making me

a very nice fish. of course this robot relies on the very latest technology but what was the state of the art at the beginning of the golden age where we find our answer in the key target or the book of tricks written around eight fifty eight by the three brothers the book contains a range of ingenious inventions and contraptions everything from entertainment to making life easier things like water dispensing devices a self correcting lamp and lots of different mechanical tools they drew their inspiration from ancient greek chinese persian indian engineering but it's believed that the inventions in the book go much further than anything else that had been seen before. at the museum of islam a canteen they've an early copy of the key target in their collection.

i'm really excited about this manuscript bill because it's probably one of the most famous texts in the medieval world the original was written in midnight century by the funny movie brothers one was an astronomer one was a mathematician one was in the other. and they were really the center of scientific life in. the golden age of science the ambassador caylee moon recognized the talents of the brothers from an early age and sent them to study in the house of wisdom in baghdad where great texts were gathered from across the globe and translated into arabic during their time in the house of wisdom they grew in influence and even became patrons of other translators as well as translation they wrote many works of their own. fluting the book of tricks. is called the tablet which literally means the tricks of trickery but they're not tricks in the sense of magic tricks these are contraptions and devices and executive toys is probably the

best term for it but i mean it's full of beautiful diagrams showing valves and leavers and isn't very very clever they employ these incredibly forward thinking processes things that weren't really adapted until many centuries later things like crankshafts they were using things like difference is in pressures in liquids and also in. make things appear to move by themselves to act in their own volition there's the famous robotic flute player right through sort of water pressure and there's the self trimming there's all these kind of things that must have seemed like magic at the time hence the idea of trickery i guess a lot of the our ideas do go back to the actual greeks people like archimedes for instance but they're putting them together in a way that was slightly different yes it's not just a translation movement it's a rethinking movement as well the stuff in this book is more than just.

toys it tells us that what they were doing at this time is the mid nineteenth century in the senate of the golden age they were carrying out proper scientific experimentation. john scott is a mechanical engineer based in cambridge show in the u.k. . he builds and tests historic inventions and currently he's reconstructing one of the best brother's most complicated devices the flukes which plays itself budgeteers the device. or you haven't got the little character yes so the brothers are said to have built

this or at least wrote about this place itself how much detail was there that you could get hold of to allow you to reproduce well there was a reason there are references but there are different apparently different translations so some things are not entirely clear and presumably modern scholars historians looking back at this there's a lot of guesswork in oh absolutely how they solve the problems they said talk me through how does this work right well the basic principle is that there is a driveway all here which operates this rotating drum that would have been water powered the right way and there are a series of effectively cams which lift little arms which then seal unseal the holes on the flute and there comes a passive throw air comes in here ok what can we have a demonstrate you know we hear a. little tone. what

you might call programs of major scale verticals. so you've got this just a scale but of course these could be a range yes in a sense this is an early programmable it's very much. and if you think it's way before musical boxes which were sort of sixteenth seventeenth century inventions but yes it's a very clever thing for the period but of course you use pressurized air supply to blow the air through how would the benami supply others have done this well far as we know from the references there are two ways one was apparently to provide a steam supply a very low pressure steam supply itself is well. powered yes the earliest seems sound that's right the other way of doing it was to use a system of chambers two chambers which could be filled up with water and emptied if you imagine the two chambers as one is filling up the other one is going down

this one filling up the air trapped is being fed into here and then this one starts to empty this all starts to fill in the air trapped in there is then provides the continuous flow right so it's like this operation much like a conventional bellows but this is a water powered bellows so the whole contraption is continue our water really of water. moving the wheels and water also powering pushing the earth through it fits in with their general philosophy because they're obviously involved a lot in water lifting water movement devices so water was obviously as a motive power was very much in mind so i imagine when they came to develop this water power was the first thing they thought of to make it work. water played a key role in many medieval engineering projects both large and small this la mc world inherited many techniques of irrigation

a water supply from the egyptians greeks and romans this beautiful structure is an underground water reservoir in constantinople modern day istanbul it was built by the romans in the sixth century the engineers of the golden age preserved this they also modified improved. and constructed their own water projects they also develop new techniques to capture store and raise water. many sophisticated hydraulic pumps and water raising devices were developed by. one of the most prolific engineers obvious manic world. born in the trial century he served as a royal engineer at the arthur clue palace in what is now turkey. at istanbul's museum of the history of science and technology in islam they have built working models of some of al-jazeera reis water devices talk to debt left when

turned explains them to me. as you have a look inside this building you can see the donkey and this stone creamery moving mechanism bringing into running these gears as you can see and then lifting the water up to these channels that's quite a sophisticated machine it is a surface. he was more fascinating engineering. water devices like hell gerry's were hugely important throughout the islamic world as their empire spread across the globe. engineers of the golden age built reservoirs and impressive dams many of which still survived today across the middle east and islamic spain as well as these dams in places like cord of iran and syria irrigation was also provided by nor ears from the arabic now which are giant

scooping waterwheels but as populations grew throughout the islamic world it became necessary to have more advanced devices and towards the end of the truss century developed sophisticated water pumps. so have a lot of this even more sophisticated water lifting devices as the water moves the water wheel round that's moving backwards of course it's like a double piston pumping up the water through both pipes up right up to the tower it lifts and pumps the water up to a high of eleven meter. al-jazeera combined several sophisticated mechanisms the pump works via val's that creates a partial vacuum causing. the water to be sucked up from the river below this pump is also remarkable because it has a double action each side takes it in turn this double pumping makes it much more

efficient the machine is driven by the river itself which turns a water wheel and that water wheel is attached to gears and two pistons. water is sucked up from the river by the pistons which slide back and forth as the gear turns. by doing this al jazeera is converting the rotating movement of the water wheel into a side to side motion is possibly the earliest description of a crank slider a fundamental component of many modern machines including car engines. we know about al-jazeera these devices because he wrote about them in great detail and an early copy of his greatest work exists right here in istanbul. the ottomans conquered constantinople modern day stumble towards the end of the

golden age and when they took power many thousands of manuscripts are transferred here to istanbul. this is a wonderful text it dates back to the mid twelve hundreds the title of the book is. which translates as far as i can tell to the complete book of knowledge and work what is lovely about it is that throughout the text are these wonderful vivid color diagrams of his contraptions and devices they get increasingly complex and ingenious this is a particular favorite of mine because. it depicts an animal an ox or donkey which

is supposedly turning this axis and acting to pump the water but at least one account suggests that actually the animal isn't needed at all is only there so as not to scare people into thinking this some kind of magic essentially the water is in the river here and as it drops down below the river the energy the kinetic energy of the water turns this axis by a set of gears which operates a vertical axis and spins it that in turns operates another gear which lifts the water in these vessels up to a higher level so it's self-sustaining it's beautiful and you don't need an ox or donkey to operate it at all. it. was one.

in islam followers of the faith required to pray at specific times during the day and so knowing the time accurately is very important today looks like this outside the mosque give the full sized cause for prayer. s. o. l jaziri and other engineers of the golden age devised a great many clocks which are more accurate and elaborate what had gone before al jazeera he wrote about clocks that relied on candles which driven by weights or were regulated by water but his most famous creation was the extravagant elephant clock.

professor attila beer is one of the foremost scholars of the engineers of the golden age he studied the original description of the clock written in al-jazeera his great text. system in media two major written the title of the movie. would it i learn. more that i know you pulled it so all the details about the mechanisms are all written something reserved in this book the elephant clock not only showcases the heights of sophistication in mechanics at the time it's also an early representation of the multiculturalism that existed during the go. an age when she. arrived and your good. your own was. she now known only there are you here. in december no longer you're feeling your ears this is them i learned there i miss

them eleanor believe there will be a dick around your baby a thought mechanism us or to each shoulder. the clock tells the time with an indicator at the top showing the number of hours since some rise but the main mechanism for this clock is hidden inside the elephant's belly a ball that floats out of water tank and every half hour creates an eye catching display the bowl slowly fills with water from a hole in its bottom and sinks after half an hour when it sinks it tugs a series of pulleys and strings which run all the way to the top of the clock. they connect the ball to a channel of boards which is concealed in the top the tugging of the pulleys and strings causes the channel to tilt and so one ball is released this makes the bird on the top spin round and the time indicator advances the ball travels through and fall from a full can speak into

a serpent's mouth causing it to tilt and this causes the elephant driver to beat the elephant. as the mechanisms inside the clock are triggered the floating bowl is pulled back up and starts filling with water again for the next half hour. there's another inventor who's been associated with perhaps one of the most extravagant claims of the golden age. lived in the ninth century the same time as the brothers and came from angeles.