of command is more diffuse their structures in different part of the country operate often unilaterally without their leadership and knowing what they're doing we don't know if that was the case with this attack in bogota if indeed they are behind died attack there is a security meeting that is going on now as we speak and we're expecting president to. to come out at the end of that meeting and may come decision on the peace negotiations with the yelling that has been a reduction in violence in the country in recent years how people are reacting to this attack but of course there is a lot of anger here the last time that there was an attack of this size in the capital bogota for example was back in two thousand and three we're talking about sixteen years ago that's the last time that a car bomb exploded in the capital bogota we've seen that in

a vigil is that for example there was a big vigil last night in front of that school the police academy there's another one that's being organized this afternoon in the central plaza believer and there's a major demonstration that the city of boston other our organizations are setting up for sunday people want to show up and say no to these types of attacks once and for all here in cologne thank you very much from bogota i left on around p.f.g. with the latest. and al jazeera live from london more still ahead going to be in washington why talks with north korea's chief nuclear negotiator is just started on a possible second summit between donald trump and kim jong un also south african shacked well as fight for land reform is violent convictions leave them without a whiff of a heads. hello

once again i have to bring your forecast of rain in the middle of winter and in the middle of china is because we're feeding up a bit of moisture from the size of what is it sensually a cold time the year's here bears develop something in the way of cloud in the eventually rain it's not respect hong kong or shanghai it is in the middle here it from his father north as who hung with the thames about seven degrees so it's largely a story of rain is just shouldn't really be there there's more useful substantial unexpected rain in star running through afghanistan catching the finals of both pakistan and india is going to rain again in srinagar or snow some up in the kashmir valley and that's been happening virtually every day of the year so far and that's the picture for saturday south of all this is fine it's relatively warm in southern india i'm twenty three in delhi knots about it but so cold at night are there and the cloud is sickening the far side is just catching probably carola and

tumble not able to covering sri lanka completely with the potential for rain redeveloping here. now there's just a still in the air surat this inside saudi qatar particular in the northerly breeze is only slowly clearing it and it's not very well was twenty one degrees in doha for both saturday and sunday. in the next episode of science of the golden age exploring the contributions made by scholars during the medieval islamic period in the field of engineering. sophistication in mechanics at the time was the extravagant elephant. written around age fifty eight the book contains a range of the genius inventions and contraptions charms from a golden age with. a

combat quick look at the top stories now violence has erupted between police and anti-government protesters at a funeral in the sudanese capital khartoum thousands have turned up to mourn the death of a sixty year old man who was shot by officers for offering refuge to demonstrate his. two leading democrats about one vest claims that u.s. president donald trump instructed his former lawyer michael cohen to lie to congress a buzz feed news website is reporting that cohen was told to deny any negotiations with russia to build a skyscraper in moscow. in the colombian government is accused rebels of

carrying out thursday's car bombing at a police academy alcatel twenty one people were killed and sixty eight others injured in that attack. north korea's leading negotiator in nuclear diplomacy is holding talks with the u.s. secretary of state might pay zero kim that young child is expected to discuss a possible second summit between donald trump and kim jong un earlier president trump said pyongyang remains an extraordinary threat in june trump and kim met at an historic summit in singapore effort since then to get to denuclearize appears to have stalled a party call and joins us now from washington and it is all very well to agree on a second summit but working level talks on this haven't gone anywhere have they. they haven't we've seen previous meetings like the one we're seeing today were canceled the last minute in november so what we've seen today is the kim young soul and secretary of state my pompei all came out they were photographed they went back

inside made no news so what we're going to be looking for today is to see if he has another visit and that's with the president of the united states the last time he was in town he did meet with president donald trump and handed over a letter from kim jong un and that later had the president go on stage at a rally and say he writes me the most beautiful letters were in love so obviously we're going to be watching to see if pompei a feels there's enough progress made that the president will grant him basically a sit down where we expect that he will hand over another letter so no there hasn't been any really visible signs that since that summit there are any closer to denuclearize ation the white house will say and their supporters say but look there's been no new nuclear test of the new missile tests that in itself is a success but from the u.s. perspective what they wanted to see was a full accounting of what nuclear weapons north korea has they have not gotten that yet they're still even arguing over what fully denuclearization that would actually look like on the peninsula so we'll be watching to see if another meeting takes

place but other than that we don't expect to see a whole lot of news come out of the state department in fact we can't call anyone at the state department because the employees are all furloughed because of the shutdown. thank you very much patty cohen in washington. israeli forces have demolished the family home of a palestinian teenager accused of murdering an american his racist civilian israeli soldiers surrounded the home of. in the occupied west bank village of yeah on friday the seventeen year old is charged with stabbing us form sattler it's a shocking moment in september israel says these demolition serves as a deterrent but critics see it as collective punishment that inflames hostility. meanwhile palestinians have told al-jazeera they feel suffocated and trapped by the torturous process this objected to by israeli authorities just to go to work from long angry lines at checkpoints to tough travel restrictions many say they are fed up with endless delays stephanie decker reports now from one checkpoint in the

occupied west bank. day after day they rise hours before the sun. cold and cramped this is the only way for these palestinian workers to leave the occupied west bank to get to their jobs in israel. all of them have israeli work permits but we're told it can take up to two and a half hours to get through this checkpoint because of what it is the same thing every day this is not a live and what country in the world does this take place the only happens to us palestinians here because of the occupation these workers try to jump the queue for the record but there is little space down below. fights often break out here everyone is frustrated. yesterday was hotter than today they closed the doors for a while and we are trapped yeah a lot of the sure the suffering that we endure our work is one thing and the crossing is something else all our energy is taken from us here at this checkpoint

so when a person loses all his energy here what is left if the israelis wanted we could cross in five minutes to around five o'clock in the morning that we've been watching thousands of palestinians cross here in the last hour or so i don't think anyone who doesn't have to enjoy this on a day to day basis would ever understand what it's like. we also one of the workers to film this crossing for us once inside more hold ups and queues and more frustration israel maintains that these security measures are essential to prevent potential attacks. there are many checkpoints across the west bank this is the main entry point in and out of jerusalem from there's always heavy traffic and people are fed up with you. every day they tell us they will find a solution when are they going to find a solution for this everyone is frustrated when they come to the checkpoint they lose their tempers. we are

a people who don't know what is going to happen to us. so many palestinians have told us these measures make them feel suffocated and trapped there's been no movement on the political front no peace talks since two thousand and fourteen and a delay in the announcement of the us president donald trump's peace plan everyone we speak to says israel's occupation dictates their lives and there seems to be a resignation that there is nothing they can do to change that. stephanie decker al-jazeera bethlehem in the occupied west bank. news from yemen the warring sides are failed to reach an agreement during talks in jordan if the rebels and the yemeni government have been negotiating in amman over a prisoner swap deal that was agreed in sweden last month but both parties have accused each other of lying and hiding crucial information about detainees have now decided on a timetable to exchange their views on the details of the deal. to the democratic

republic of congo the country is rejecting the african union's call to delay the final results of last month's disputed presidential election a you won't see announcement to be postponed because of concerns over electoral fraud provisional results to opposition to felix dishy katy the winner but they're being challenged by his rival modify you do you accuse this dish acadia of rigging the outcome with outgoing president joseph kabila. brings us more now from the capital kinshasa. government officials in kinshasa have told the african union that this is a sovereign country no one should interfere no one can tell the d.l.c. how to run the elections they also say they can fees because they getting mixed messages from african leaders we know the african union is unhappy with the electoral process so far but leaders from the southern african development community issued a statement saying that the people of the d r c should be able to resolve their own crisis foreign country should not interfere and people especially need to wait for an outcome from the courts we know that eight constitutional judges i mean to make

an announcement on the way forward they could either say they feel it is the katy one direction which means he will be sworn in as president in a few days time they could order a recount all the could say the whole process was a mess of the election should be held again which could take months maybe even years and that means it could be the remains of president until those elections are held all eyes of course will be on martin fire you the opposition leader the catholic church has won the election by sixty one percent if he's unhappy with the outcome from the court how do you react if easy to tell his supporters to go onto the streets and protest is no guarantee the constitution hall to make announcement friday it could be over the weekend or sometime next week now to nigeria the u.n. says gunmen have killed more than one hundred soldiers in the northeast of the country since late last month aid agencies say the increase in attacks may have mostly been carried out by fighters from a faction group of. thousands of people have been forced to flee to safety bots the country into neighboring chad the surge in violence comes ahead of elections in

february and which president obama to bihari is seeking a second term. media representatives in ghana have condemned the killing of an investigative journalist who helped expose corruption in african football. was shot dead near his home and he was part of an undercover team that forced the resignation of the head of the gun a football association of allegations of bribery. reports now from accra relatives and friends gather at the family home of the murdered journalist ahmed hussain. he was shot multiple times just outside his home in accra and what appears to be a targeted killing almost all do is from the other family or from this place is all here morning you know it's something very shocking and what people were even intending to do we have big. moms who come to talk to us not to take the law into our home and because we don't know who is responsible. of this unfortunate

incident i'm not work closely with the award winning investigative journalist and us army together to expose corruption in the gun introduce shiri health sector and most recently saw several hours after the killing and asked posted a video on twitter showing a member of parliament making threats against our met in june last year after the latest expose. it led to a lifetime ban from the sport for the head of ghana's football association for bribery and corruption ghana has a very good track record of press freedom not only in west africa but across the entire continent and that's what's made this all the more shocking media and civil society organizations are concerned that that environment could be changing and this has come to. that which we need to do something extra not only to maintain a position but also to ensure their rights atmosphere is governed sheet for their

participation as in gun crime as president has called on the police to act quickly to bring to book the perpetrators of what he called a heinous crime. as the family prepares to bury ahmed a mass and his team say they are devastated but unshaken in their resolve to continue exposing corruption i'm reporting al-jazeera across. the judges the international criminal court of grants are lost at request to extend the detention of former ivory coast president all. prosecutors of us to keep him in jail why they appeal against his acquittal he was tried of a post-election violence that took place eight years ago in which three thousand people were killed by both still faces a twenty year jail term back home for financial crimes if you live in a shack in south africa watching your rights that's the question that hangs over millions of shanty town dwellers in places like the eastern province of. one rights group says hundreds of people are being thrown out of their homes which is illegal

unless they are provided with new housing for me to miller has more now from durban . just below the main road on a hillside in keto christe in durban these people have built a makeshift homes the shacks up the canano settlement a made out of plastic wooden boards and metal sheeting providing little protection from rain and the intense humidity. has lived here for two years after losing her job and not being able to pay rent elsewhere she built the shack after her previous one was burnt down she says by police. but when they got here they started shooting from the top and then came down and continued shooting we asked what the problem was and they told us to leave and that this was in our place they got into our homes and burnt everything down this community leader says forty six shacks were demolished and some burned down during the vixens. despite repeated evictions dozens of families have returned and

continue to live in the k'naan a settlement many say it's not by choice but necessity the areas close to schools clinics and places of work but they say they live in fear worried police will come back and evict them again schachter as association. dollars says the vixens i legal because the city doesn't have a court order and as required by law it's not provided alternative accommodation for those it's evicted the group says the rights of people living in two thousand three hundred shacks settlements across the country are being ignored we have been listening into to see the number of every sin in the city i mean just before this one seven communities have face of action so we have to go to court just last year top ten interdict against the city which involves more than twenty to forty one fabulous the municipality refused to speak to al-jazeera saying the matter is still

before the courts but earlier issued a statement saying some land is not meant for human occupation according to government statistics fourteen percent of the africans live in informal settlements the government provided three point two million free houses for the poor in the last twenty five years but the people's environmental planning organization says about twelve million south africans don't have adequate housing people living at the canano settlement say there's some relief after the court stopped any further the vixens they say what they need is a permanent solution for me kato crist was in a towel more in everything we're covering right here including analysis that takes you behind the headlines al jazeera dot com. a quick look at the top stories this hour violence has erupted between police and protesters as a funeral in sudan's capital hard to him demonstrators attacked

a police vehicle and hold rocks at offices he responded with tear gas and live ammunition thousands of times up to mourn the death of a sixty year old man who was shot offering refuge to protest as demonstrators first began rallying of a price rises but and now demanding the end of president tomorrow to share his first year rule. to the democrats in the united states of vowing to investigate claims that president don't trump instructed his form of personal lawyer michael cohen to lie to congress a buzz feed news website is reporting that cohen was told to deny being a negotiations with russia to build a skyscraper in moscow the chairman of the house intelligence committee adam schiff and the head of the house judiciary committee jerrold nadler both said they intend to investigate. what this does is is direct testimony that apparently is in the possession of the special counsel robert mueller who is a vested getting the president connection to russia what this does is sort of draws

the direct line knowledge to russia but shows that the president intentionally broke the law this is very damaging this could be historic if proven because what this is is an impeachable offense not only is there the instruction to lie it's to lie under oath which is perjury a convict a bull offense for any american regardless of whether you hold the highest office in the united states. are the top stories a competent government has accused the rebels of carrying out for days car bombing at a police academy in bogota twenty one people were killed sixty others injured when a vehicle packed with explosives broke through checkpoints and blew up the land has about two thousand fighters. and north korea's leader goetia to in nuclear diplomacy is holding talks with the u.s. secretary of state might pay zero kim young chole is expected to discuss a possible second summit between donald trump and kim jong un earlier though president trump said killing young remains an extraordinary threat you're up to

date with all top stories coming up science in a golden age looks at how modern technology has evolved through the centuries. once upon a time the ideal of robots was the symbol of a futuristic world a world in which technology and machines would replace human labor to a large extent that world is with us today in the twenty first century but the idea of robots least machines is much older than you might think during the heyday of a golden age of science between the fourteenth centuries engineers from across the

islamic world from the middle east to southern spain built many incredible devices to clocks automatic setting machines and a number of other in of it's a creation it's untrue well to be a british professor of theoretical physics but born in baghdad ahd been researching some of the mechanical wonders of this golden age of science and comparing them to the engineering and technological advances of the modern world. and.

for years we've been promised that we'd have robots in our homes carrying out household chores and that hasn't really happened well here's something that might change all that in this lab to developing a prototype robots. that we might sometime soon have in our kitchens at home. this is the. kitchen a pair of fully computerized mechanical arms set in a purpose built capsule. dion's replicate the movements of a human chef and today the robots cooking the crab cakes. so you can see it moves not like a robot you can russian lawyers come in very simple movements you get a robot a very human fluid we are using motion capture we've recorded the movements of the chef's hands while they're cooking

a real recipe and then this system will reproduce those movements exactly so in principle it should be exactly as good a cook as a master chef according to the chef is more consistent than a human chef so when a chef is cooking they called it was good the timing is the temperatures and amounts exactly right so if your goal is get the same comments around the schools with. the robot get the same drip because it's repeats is very nice leads to the same motions. i mean at the moment you have to have all the ingredients at exactly the right place because of course the robot is operating line business is a blind deaf and not so confidently called see with history. one of the reasons robots have made it into the hardware is how difficult it is to deal with revision complex writing hartman's do all the planning actually intelligently being able to make decisions like all the solti is not where right fools are insects and humans

find it recognize it yes and even try to find it hiding behind something all mixed in with things that look similar to the sort of things that we take for granted are very very easy for the computer parts in iraq. so. we've taken a much simpler approach was to standardize everything in the kitchen and make it a very controlled environment controlled y.c. needs to find positions for the greens and now we can just run this recipe and it works every single time. the last detail is to have a few drops of truffle oil i really go. from if i'd. eaten it in a restaurant it's cooked by human chef. i guess i would be surprised that enjoy it for some reason i wasn't quite expecting it to taste so nice and to i mean this is exactly as a chef would cook it i mean i witnessed a robot making me

a very nice thing. of course this robot relies on the very latest technology but what was the state of the art at the beginning of the golden age where we find our answer in the key target or the book of tricks written around eight fifty eight by the three brothers the book contains a range of ingenious inventions and contraptions everything from entertainment to making life easier things like water dispensing devices a self correcting lamp and lots of different mechanical tools they drew their inspiration from ancient greek chinese persian indian engineering but it's believed that the inventions in the book go much further than anything else that had been seen before. at the museum of islam a canteen they've an early copy the key target in their collection.

i'm really excited about this manuscript will because it's probably one of the most famous texts in the medieval world the original was written in midnight century by the funny movie brothers one was an astronomer one was a mathematician one was in the other. and they were really the center of scientific life in. the golden age of science the ambassador caylee moon recognized the talents of the brothers from an early age and sent them to study in the house of wisdom in baghdad where great texts were gathered from across the globe and translated into arabic during their time in the house of wisdom they grew in influence and even became patrons of other translators as well as translation they wrote many works of their own. fluting the book of tricks. is called the taboo here which literally means the tricks of trickery but they're not tricks in the sense of

magic tricks these are contraptions and devices and executive toys is probably the best term for it but i mean it's full of beautiful diagrams showing valves and leavers and isn't very very clever they employ these incredibly forward thinking process is things that weren't really adapted until many centuries later things like crankshafts they were using things like difference is in pressures in liquids and also in. make things appear to move by themselves to act in their own volition there's the famous robotic flute player right through sort of water pressure and there's the self trimming there's all these kind of things that must have seemed like magic at the time hence the idea of trickery i guess a lot of the our ideas do go back to the actual greeks people like archimedes for instance but they're putting them together in a way that was slightly different yes it's not just translation movement it's

a rethinking movement as well the stuff in this book is more than just. toys it tells us that what they were doing at this times in the nineteenth century in the senate of the golden age they were carrying out proper scientific experimentation. john scott is a mechanical engineer based in cambridge show in the u.k. . he believes in tests historic inventions and currently he's reconstructing one of the best brothers most complicated devices the flukes which plays itself budgeteers the device. or you haven't got the little character yes so the brothers are said to have built

this or at least wrote about this place itself how much detail was there that you could get hold of to allow you to reproduce well there was a reason there are references but there are different apparently different translations so some things are not entirely clear and presumably modern scholars historians looking back at this there's a lot of guesswork in oh absolutely how they solve the problems they said talk me through how does this work right well the basic principle is that there is a driveway all here which operates this rotating drum that would have been water powered the right way and there are a series of effectively cams which lift little arms which then seal unseal the holes on the flute and there comes a passive throw air comes in here ok what can we have a demonstrate you know we hear a. little tone. what

you might call programs of major scale verticals. so you've got this just a scale but of course these could be a range yes in a sense this is an early programmable it's very much. and if you think it's way before musical boxes which were sort of sixteenth seventeenth century inventions but yes it's a very clever thing for the period but of course you use pressurized air supply to blow the air through how would the ben immiscible others have done this well far as we know from the references there are two ways one was apparently to provide a steam supply a very low pressure steam supply itself is what i think it is empowered yes the earliest seems sound that's right the other way of doing it was to use a system of chambers two chambers which could be filled up with water and emptied

if you imagine the two chambers as one is filling up the other one is going down this one filling up the air trapped is being fed into here and then this one starts to empty this all starts to fill in the air trapped in there is then provides the continuous flow right so it's like this operation much like a conventional bellows but this is a water powered by those so the whole contraption is continue our water really of water. moving the wheels and of the water powering pushing the earth through it fits in with their general philosophy because they're obviously involved a lot in water lifting water movement devices so water was obviously as a motive power was very much in mind so i imagine when they came to develop this water power was the first thing they thought of to make it work. water played a key role in many medieval engineering projects both large and small this law mc

world inherited many techniques of irrigation a water supply from the egyptians greeks and romans this beautiful structure is an underground water reservoir in constantinople modern day istanbul it was built by the romans in the sixth century the engineers of the golden age preserved this they also modified improved. and constructed their own water projects for develop new techniques to capture store and raise water. many sophisticated hydraulic pumps and water raising devices were developed by al jazeera one of the most prolific engineers obvious manic world. born in the trial century he served as a royal engineer at the arthur clue palace in what is now turkey. at a museum of the history of science and technology in islam they have built working models of some of al-jazeera is water devices dr.