kurds should have the right to autonomy. but the negotiations broke down and in one thousand nine hundred ninety four hostilities resumed in the second iraqi kurdish war. the relationship between the two sides remained fractious not keast because most of about assad he also allied himself with neighboring iran. in one nine hundred seventy five the algerian president who made t.n. sponsored an agreement between baghdad and to her on he brought together the shah of iran with the then iraqi vice president saddam hussein. the agreements put an end to reign in support for the kurds in return for iraq's relinquishing sovereignty over half of the shots a lot of waterway. in one nine hundred seventy nine they reign in revolution erupted overthrowing the shah it's all the end of the committee and

sponsored agreement. a year later the eighty year war began between iraq and iran mr wood better than he screwed this time democratic party supported iran and saddam hussein retaliated by abducting thousands of kurdish man and boy is an edible province. and the million dollar at our brain boffing can we not get so lot. of that is the only what filter thought. you know what the fear the hold for the feeling of all the time you go no comment other than your own kind of the need. for oil by a lot what does the slim we do not buy the enough. i can. just add up the lump that there were of the i know as for do let me add all of. them to the uk of the uk it

will of orders. of done. in the final days of the iran iraq war in ninety eight in the kurdish city of halabja just offer than attack using chemical weapons killing between two and a half and five thousand people and injuring sauza is more. the attack has been internationally recognized as part of the and fell genocide against the kurdish people by president saddam hussein's regime the iraqi high criminal courts ruled the halabja massacre an act of genocide in march twenty ten. in one nine hundred ninety iraq invaded kuwait leading to the first gulf war but saddam hussein was defeated by a coalition led by the united states in one nine hundred ninety one. some of iraq's southern and northern provinces rose up against the interim iraqi government and

the coalition imposed no fly zones in some areas including the kurdish regions. the iraqi kurds benefited from the defeat of saddam hussein and gained autonomy in northern iraq in one thousand nine hundred one under the united nations and in particular operation southern watch which in forces a no fly no drive zone in one thousand nine hundred two there were kurdish parliamentary and presidential elections and the kurdistan regional government the k r g was formed. in two thousand and three and you u.s. led coalition invaded iraq and kurdish peshmerga fighters joined in the overthrow of saddam hussein. in a post-war referendum and new iraqi constitution was approved which recognized both the k r g and its parliament but kurdish baghdad tension remains.

also want to see a lot of distortion. we're going to. work for you walked over to the no no the store over me surly come and be no office clerk and the earth does so too so good that the earth. knowing just could be a couple of finish i can record offer for the store i list if they're from market with a nice rally i'm a financier now what i mean. is that lemur the limo the limb use rather the stiff. as your ass the office of the iraqi foreign minister ibrahim al jaafari if damage could ask him the same question as to why the two thousand and seven referendum didn't take place. after initially agreeing to an interview the minister leaser pulled out. the other day. don't know why i didn't see other just today i'm not a harlot in facade

a door in facade of what i can remember them into. you know the door on the other side of. the two thousand and three u.s. led invasion plunged iraq into a period of chaotic political instability which saw the emergence of a relatively new armed group eisel. the group gained global prominence in early twenty fourteen when it drove iraqi government forces out of key cities in western iraq and captured mussolini in the north. to syria visited the kurdish region of northern iraq in april twenty seventeen five months before the independence referendum took place. the iraqi governments with the support of international forces including the u.s. u.k. france germany and turkey had launched

a major military campaign in twenty sixteen to retake muso from eisel in what became known as the battle of mosul. kurdish peshmerga forces joined the operation and fought alongside the iraqi army. the joint force defeated eisel in july twenty seventh teen and the borders of the kurdish region of northern iraq were extended. this is but najaf a town a nineveh province in april twenty seventeen it was under the control of kurdish push medica forces. on the highway my eyes south of. john b. i was. into it in a gentle manner and out on the hind month. bad. enough to judge a book as i have to battle so after and saw that amount of blood.

after the referendum the kurds lost control over but najaf and other areas of nineveh province. the borders of the kurdish region. seem constantly to ebb and flow in line with kurdish fortunes and the complexity of modern iraqi politics. it was against this historical backdrop the kurdistan regional government held its independence referendum in september twenty seventh seen. there are several iraqi kurdish political parties and while they all support self-determination they often disagree on how best to achieve it. the two largest governing party is are the kurdish democratic party. and the patriotic union of kurdistan depi u.k. there's also the movement for change known as koran and the kurdistan islamic union the k i u. one tamar and miss has visited the k r g capital

that have been a few months after the twenty seventeen referendum disagreement and resentment about the timing of the vote still festered among the different political leaders. and the jena six hundred tuneup from an auction judged the brain and so we're not in a tug the will to sunny and a direction of the. media will. appear when you. were not a journalist had them involved. in that. but . at the door. while tammet and miss had wasn't it a bit after the referendum he met the head of the kurdish democratic party and the

then president of the k r g. it was mr wood better than who had ultimately decided the referendum would go ahead and when. hell can or. at least if the three september and finn was. going at the lurching feet of soul you feel so worthless manure an incentive was on our side . on only what the story perhaps but we really should have caused a learner you learn and understand and use of raised if there are. no them oh. and. mark. got all feet consortium. it's impossible to begin to understand iraqi kurdish politics without first examining the differences between their main rival parties.

the kurdistan democratic party the k d p is led by mr wood but sanny with the city of edible as its power base. the bersani family has been a dominant force in the kurdish cause for two generations and continues to occupy a prominent place in the minds of its people. many continue to regard mr wood's father most of far as the founder of the kurdish revolution and posters of him are everywhere across the region his son mesereau would stood down as the k r g president after the referendum but is still leader of the k d p. d p's main rival is the patriotic union of kurdistan the p.-u. k. funded by the legion i'll tell a body their bases in sudan many to the south east of.

the sublists see. how that court out of sight of our love for multiple quid to celebrate has been because the democrats could start with a total a lick of standing up in the suitedness us it was sitting so close on a lot of just off the edges and yes it was a loss of confidence kaluta. random holloman. to fill it. because of all the kurdish infighting civil war between the different factions erupted in one thousand nine hundred four and lasted for years inevitably wider middle east politics further inflame the conflict . could be a kind of how the neck in full effect it could be accounted for heart or brain i'm about the same with many of the same cat and i got how badly it had the it on the in how can a more. the woman of the. more even remember that after

a bit of obama. getting the oil in the hole and. had reckoned up after she had a four hour they're going to miss circle but i didn't feel fifi months from arianna tuttle were at the border and sort of looked at the whole ugly me. cottage at the little. eleven site that could be an old how to cook with year but clear that his were hired into his below. the loft so will not be you know helical could year low you can add new girl who's a good rider has a. half a night you can necessarily. crotty. offered one of the from united for so if you are

a village of clear that the democrats records and. all the critics parties were united in support of the idea of an independence referendum and mr o. design he had his way by staging it in september twenty seventh teen. but the plot thickens. other countries both in the region and in the west are now thought to have played a part in both encouraging and discouraging the votes activity tomar no wrong most of. the year i live the hard. work here that will be a swat team feast of top of the top of the low who know who. will like you. cannot say what i would michael and i thought about as a sort of a list if there was a collision. they said hekmati c.s.e.

lower levels and water in. the end. the whole. body and a listing of them are going to be well for us with no one account. you have that. there for. a moment i don't see it there was. a saying it might or there was any was a hermit from hell most of it about condoms to shailene the war levy another woman and such are in need of a beanie. and those are no more nor them socially was about what is it mr goes on if. you should know how the who did enough to open with a demand for this after i had known a surprise was referring to the french intellectual media figure writer and longtime supporter of the kurds bill now on the levy. he was once described as

quote perhaps the most prominent it's electable in france today of all cheery and jewish distend levy was targeted for assassination in two thousand and eight by a belgian based armed islamist group. an avowed supporter of israel some consider his role in the referendum controversial seed but time middlemiss had asked him about this involvement and his presence at one of the polling stations on the day of the vote as an observer and a look at the whole route and how a few markets looked away or why they were had when markets looked at are that of a car but there was only one only one liter among the lot of. the had a sofa and there are a lot of the sherrick as as a lot of others as ambassador galbraith us former minister about a lot we were maybe i don't know maybe fifty one hundred they're going to we re

prisoned. the international community watching looking at the regular id of the go ahead of the vote and but had levy been a genuinely impartial observer had been since he was a known supporter of the referendum us of saddam. it is diphtheria what one of the lot. of you can do that you can do two things is two different things and if so what doctor exactly in the same time you come in you can be a long time supporter or you could this cause you can't think in the depth of your hearts that you like your hike is a loss of fiction and that kurdish nation is the real one you think that i thought that. after that. it is very important day when devolved cops it is very important to check the vote is

a good law that nobody is feeling the the boxer's as it happens in so many countries coming up turkey iran and the united states all put pressure on but is there any and the k r g not to go ahead with the referendum but in the geopolitics of the middle east israel emerged as an unexpected supporter i think the use of id people itself is by any population. felt sympathy for the sukkah of the schools wired number one because they recognize something of their old this tinny into this you know the girls. al-jazeera is a very important force of information for many people around the world when all the cameras have gone i'm still here go into areas that nobody else is going doctor

people that nobody else is talking to and bringing that story to the forefront. rewind returns can bring your people back to life from start with new updates on the best of documentaries. i was told. and the others to rewind continues with me going into a war zone he said the first thing i look for is the exit it's not how to get it it's how to get out the pictures there's no point going to these places rewind on al-jazeera. and. the headlines on al-jazeera the u.s. has won venezuela's president of a significant response of opposition leader all washington's diplomats are targeted

by the government why those hundreds of his supporters have been arrested in america editor lucien newman has more from colombia's venezuela forum the tracks political arrests in venezuela says that over the weekend alone the number has gone up from five hundred to nearly eight hundred why they are called in fact on the on the high commissioner of the united nations for human rights actually to visit venezuela so that she can witness what is transpiring the search has resumed for more than three hundred people missing after a dam burst in southeast brazil fifty eight people are confirmed dead rescue workers had this lesson hope for finding survivors of the mining waste released by friday's collapse and in neighboring peru an avalanche of modern rock has crashed into a hotel killing at least fifteen people it happened in the southern city of. the mudslide broke through the walls of the hotel injuring thirty four people. i sill

has claimed responsibility for an attack on a cathedral in the southern philippines at least twenty people were killed dozens injured in two bomb blasts on the predominantly muslim land of all. palestinian protesters and israeli troops have clashed near ramallah in the occupied west bank it comes a day after a palestinian man was shot dead during the confrontation between israeli settlers and residents of my village thousands of mourners attended his funeral on sunday at the government protests that continue across the dark for the sixth week demonstrators are demanding the resignation of president omar al bashir he was in cairo for talks with his egyptian counterpart where he says the media is exaggerating the challenge to his leadership. thousands of protesters wearing red scarves have rallied in the french capital to call for an end to violence and disruption caused by three months of anti-government demonstrations the protests was organized to counter the so-called yellow vest movement against president

a man you met calm and a mirror by the british artist banksy on a door at the better plan theater in paris has been stolen ninety people were killed at the concert hall in an attack orchestrated by eisel in two thousand and fifteen. those are the headlines on al-jazeera al-jazeera world continues next. the kurds of northern iraq would like but do not have their own permanent state. but in twenty seventeen the leaders of their semi autonomy screw this town regional government they care r g n n a bill held the referendum on whether or not to separate from the rest of iraq the answer was a result ending yes. but the central government in baghdad rejected the result and took reprisals against the region. in going ahead with the vote the k r g

had ignored the advice of its neighbors and traditional allies. the only country that openly supported the referendum was israel but it denied having any influence over it in any way our lives. and. revive the suit. of. john if it be diapers don't it why didn't they just allowed to damage a ship in the washer when washoe had to revert to the i'm a slightly if mother why interview let me open up on how to her for me how the ledger work what allowed for others so i don't out of one mr druce of tallinn at a tune which is a militant you will call me discipline many of them just have to fuck up a. while fellow minnesotan if you're bad at the area and more into their list if that. i had

a sora. in can it been an out and see it. let me. alone israeli let me a can because. of the deal by moderates very well i learned a lot more careful look. i don't use as you say it's a lead in one to. me and that most of what he did and more than a minute is quite understand that they had to sift listen i was a listener in even a minute and you know it does let me could assert. i thought the idea i live the way you do and mark up with a liquid. with ernie and. you could all movement. canyon to the woman with a this and you saw the whole be mr minister.

other beer to further see damage in this hand as the french electoral observer whether he thought israel had benefited from the referendum i think the ease of id people itself is quite a leap operation. felt sympathy for the security schools while. number one because they recognize something of their old this unique into this you know of the girls this this to new york for people dreaming for independence seeing this in the bonanza refused to buy the altar of nations that can say it but not believing obama to see tamina pointed out that the iraqi kurds might not agree with the comparison of their cause with israel's position he made the point that israel has occupied large areas of the palestinian territories. i

told you that there is some similarities between the two this to me is felt such a search by the israelis i don't tell you that there is identity of the just it is it is of the same force. the referendum arguably put the iraqi kurds in the most exposed position they've been in since autonomy was announced after the first gulf war in one nine hundred ninety one and. iraqi governments reprisals had affected them economically and limited their freedom. give back to the world by this if that was enough there was. a bit of a saddam was in a. service of the. it dropped he had distorted. potulny but. that the guy did to see what it was

then a smile when you happen that. the central iraqi government in baghdad few the referendum is unconstitutional claiming it threatens national security and stability. but al-jazeera wanted to find out what discussions had taken place between the kurds and baghdad immediately before the referendum as well as between. kurdish parties themselves behind closed doors. to matter i want to believe them and for their rights are. not the norm in the village of to i don't see the should resign him an edge in your coffee i may just stop most of that. read on the half of that adult. who went on in a way that. whatever he'd heard. was the further well know how will it into a file and then. i left on the meadow but this desolate of the involved

a lot of that kind of. alderman. when. i had no call that much we loaded and of course. early. yet had the pilot help. him. out. they key our g.'s western neighbor took a much tougher line the turkish government has a long standing difficult relationship with the kurds on its own soil and threats in military and economic action against those in iraq. to me. kinda need. a push to. be. a neck and. even i'm talkin stuff and talk now if.

we have. one theater list of stuff we had to look. that you learn the study in an hour and get on the market on your list of the number that we already do a lot of. well enough to give him a stock that other car of the star of course stuff you know you're going on a not in the can and i had to have an equal fear could be a way to have him a lot of what the heck. out of a few doing a. little course on the telephone and a lot of b.o.r. and for a woman for as your limited. a lot of the more than you and the have. had. fifi took if you don't hear. us on our last call. the iranian government took a similar position to that of baghdad and turkey. at their hearts as

a montage of our dog of us through the door ajar or more fox or they would. see already there are more waters about terrorism a dog. just were going to the pressure from neighboring countries meant a lot of last minute shuttle diplomacy in the lead up to the independence referendum some was secret some in the public domain. the included a secret visit to the kurdish region of northern iraq by the commander of the iranian puts force major general qassam sulaimani. because i'm sorry money was. a young. stuff to. come off mother how much i went on to be stiffed a mother cannot and deacon wall that. when you have

a. mess i would bet is that he continued to insist that the decision to hold the food was not affected by any outside influences for or against. to deal with before the vote within us to quit terry of st rex tillerson route to pakistanis to try and persuade him to pursue a dialogue with baghdad. before the us would recognize the need for a friend. at the moon saw the i mean. nothing with the head let me feel malayo no no no i just. feel like i don't know the list by the don't like by them or they are unable.

to well lol my love my love. ron howard thurman. about the. water that. walks. on my phone so you did. at the. well the time was when a place where you will just let up if the ones on the other not do there are already older who do been in behalf of others. and making your own a saying in mess or about as an atheist if that. will irani rather minute of kleffel i'm your queen how old do and i know you are the middle aged colon i'm sorry buno learn up but will be

a new digital list a militarised i was in in washington when a very high ranking. personality of care g. came to to to see the americans in july the offices of the of but they warned of state department where empty jaw dry he had no clear reply he had no clear red light and no clear green light america this i'm sure it was unclear later america said we had told you you should not have god this is untrue they did not say they did not say they let him go. on and not a sharpness and i share one man somewhat on a side had

a staff that fell i thought a sane female other some aftermath and don't think of a comp. yanni fetus of affably none other. than that of any move was modest if that in which it is of throw it up in the not. being in last supper could just tiny omac on to shove. ducky for over thirty for me and. i had most of them after all and when you could. wouldn't it. be too dear to the men who now own uk with a ribbon to cobble it just the illness had told burn our own reliving that surest has you of the koran movement for change didn't think the referendum result was accurate you should ask the same question to all those i can provide you the list of international observers coming from eastern you.