in theory the soldiers in britain's forces were subject to the same military discipline as all its other troops however in reality there was some notable difference they were barred from the coming commissioned officers and from disciplining low ranking white soldiers mo disturbingly corporal punishment which the british army had officially outlawed for decades elsewhere was still used against african troops throughout world war say beatings were not uncommon. the idea.

that we had to get it. was not at between that. teasing eyes as. not being because he wanted the media was the one that. was not one of britain's willing recruits he was sent to ethiopia and somaliland as a signalman relaying messages between units if you run even though the room here's the. young would be brought back. they're only going to go. because you know. you're. high and. we have no we have no way that.

well you know that you know by what. but if the harsh discipline to come back to hard to back they were compounded by the treatment that soldiers like you said be a receipt when the victory came discrimination would not be limited to the whole us . once a soldier left the yummy person paid him a lump sum known as award for serious but this payout wasn't only based on the soldiers rank and the length of his service it also reflected his cologne you origins and ethnicity this document long hidden in britain's warraq lives shines a light on this racial hierarchy the government paper reveals that white person now even those living in african colonies could receive three times the amount of their black counterparts differing levels of compensation and that the colonial regime placed

a different value on african life and it on european right european settlers are considered to be more civilized and therefore more deserving of a higher payment verse in the states indorsed colored extended to asian personnel recruited in british east africa to these troops received less than their white comrades but more than african soldiers. are now where did go a bit. and the bad about that that they did they had the bottom leg and there were dago. we're going to get. when japan surrendered in one thousand nine hundred forty five percent prioritize demobilizing as white troops putting black soldiers to the back of the line many africans remained in asia for two years after the war had ended although their role in the war was praised by winston churchill and others before long the cash strapped britain was soon quietly downplaying the contribution that african soldiers had made to the allied victory there is

explosive propaganda directed at african soldiers trying to remind them that they were had only played a small role and that they should not have high expectations they didn't mean that they gave me nothing. i said then go on as. even when the soldiers came back their war wasn't over many veterans brought the trauma of conflict into the family home or. know what was in the will is little more. they are not. going to do. a new political namang bathroom and no money. when their move. while i look at it or are you going to. do why do what go israel will lead to one. woman no no there's no more.

victorian before you is a kenyan scholar on a mission to preserve this vanishing history she believes that africans who fought for britain should not be for cross a late grandfather served as a world war two medic his service instilled in her a passion for the era my grandfather talked about his wartime experiences when the young children. schooled yes but not to the point of being told that. during the war britain's propaganda ministry for. used to come first about is east african so which is which distilled the air is condescending views in the first picture this was a military man from this little kingdom their own material the second picture is talking about a finished product this is modern warfare. your mindset towards african people is negative they believe it was less just by looking at this they were made to look like simple people is racist in that they were not very violent that high

at the time if you felt this possible wasn't valuable to that extent then you should not have involved them in your office right so go do your wars but don't call other people to help you if you cannot see them for their true. but not everyone has forgotten the wartime heroics of britain's african veterans. international airport the former brigadier of britain's colonial forces is arriving for a week in the zambia. david williams is president of the kings african right was association the regiment for which she said and once fort william has flown in from england to pay his respects to his african comrades at a memorial event my roots in africa are a very deep i was educated in what was southern rhodesia. as

kids we used to spend a lot of time in the bush it was a very good life and much enjoyed it was heart remains in africa. williams's destination is a small town in the far north of the country. he's traveling with a crew of history buffs and descendants of colonial era commanders who were stopping off at key points along the way to remember the fordham i was commissioned to the first battalion of the king's african rifles with lots of time spent in the bush on exercises getting to know one's men and forming a good bond. very fine so do and i have proven to be said. the african. had absolute innate qualities. when you goes into the bush he is immediately like a hunter. a british soldier often find you have to impose a discipline in whereas an african is very very well equipped. one looks back with

fond memories and of course one having established that bond with the african soldiers when there's continued to to to begin to fulfill what one regards as a sort of obligation towards them they fought for the defense of the british empire . and western values and a time when that was threatened. on their journey of remembrance williams's entourage spend nights at the colonial era mansion some of those present their grew up in a colony or served in britain's armed forces with. cigarettes. and . there's no question when i was growing up we were living in a country where there was a measure of racism i mean i think on the most positive thing you could say was a form of paternalism one was establishing good principles of rule of law and

education great infrastructures in the country. those of us who lived in africa we were living at the end of a nearer this was obviously going to change overdue for change. we were all of members of our association passionately committed to making sure that we honor the legacy of all african soldiers. racism paternalistic or otherwise was ingrained in the fabric of the british empire and some forces but that doesn't negate the fact that many individual british officers felt and continue to feel a deep sense of loyalty towards their african comrades even in the one thousand foresees some commanding officers on record as standing up for african soldiers and demanding baby provided with pensions to this day williams is organization and the

royal commonwealth tech services league. these funds for these that buy them at least they are not forgotten they were afraid. it was all no more it. was made. by. among the v.i.p.'s at the event is the former chief of the u.k. armed forces general lord richards for him britain's mistreatment of african veterans and the poverty they face today is a national disgrace we should be ashamed that from the sioux for our country are living in poverty we have an opportunity in their twilight to get that right it's not too late we could still make amends we're talking about people who fought for us in the most read the school says surely if britain and the british people meet and the thing it's about generosity of spirit. i think all of political

leadership sometimes doesn't remember that this is a battle that's not yet what the u.k.'s ministry of defense did not respond to our repeated requests for comment yet there are signs that government policy could be changing in november twenty eighth seen as the world prepared to mark the seventeen read of the end of the great war britain announced a twelve million pound package to help impoverished veterans and war widows from commonwealth nations but senior officials insist that this relatively modest sum is eight not compensation it's not designed to attain what it is designed to do is provide some very practical support what my department cornish and is to alleviate extreme poverty of all the commonwealth veterans out there we're living what we consider to be extreme poverty so that means that they'll be able to get good nutrition they'll be living in dignity. but critics are clear while these men are

in urgent need of aid the injustices they suffered under british rule must also be richer rest it wouldn't cost a great deal of money printed vidual someone who studied this destitute men who were in some way harmed who were not well reintegrated into their home societies then there may be an opportunity to rights and wrongs. despite persons new aid package david williams still feel has a deep sense of regret about the past treatment of african soldiers that is not something that i think we should be proud of and certainly wouldn't fit into the ethos of what those of us who served with african troops would would wish to have happened but if it did happen we have to face the fact that you know times were different i don't know st believe it's it's it's something that's worthwhile of an

apology what is we feel obliged to do is to make sure that we look after people who are in need we can provide veterans with at least a meal a day and hopefully two meals a day. we do our best to help them. build those few veterans still alive were not be with us for long a few million pounds from the u.k. government to pay for me while helpful is not much restitution the past injustices what many want most of all is full recognition. also more veterans have been afraid that they have been forgotten completes many of them died with experiences but the meanest they die that's gone but we need to talk to them fast we should not

let them die with. time is not a lost sight when they're so they need help they need assistance let them die knowing someone can't evolve. at the time it was the worst environmental disaster in brazil's history but it was also a tragic for taste of what was to follow. people in power investigates claims of warnings ignored. and the disturbing ties between lawmakers and the mining industry that led to catastrophe on trial for dozens and dozens of corruption charges brazil river of mud on a. africa's largest democracy goes to the

polls to elect a president parliament and governors corruption insecurity and economic uncertainty that dominate nigerian politics remain widespread al-jazeera brings you coverage of the issues the candidates and voters. it's. a story of revolution defiance and murder until the arrival of a major figure in the war against the french occupation. the french group. whose brave even impressed anna and two inspired others in the fight for independence after his death you get that here good people will be getting. the algerian revolutionary on al-jazeera. it's a daunting climb to one of the holiest sites in bhutan tiger's nest ball astri seems to defy gravity every few cities is expected to complete the pilgrimage to

ensure peace and happiness when it became a democracy in two thousand and eight bhutan put happiness at the center of all political policy inspiring the un to pass a resolution urging other nations to follow betimes example but how do you measure it many brittany's happiness is what we ensure it if it is quantifiable by simply turning its pursuit into policy bhutan has done what no other country have. the yankees have a u.s. lawmakers pass a bill to avoid another government shutdown. i'm sorry say that and this is al jazeera live from doha also coming up

a potential olive branch as well and president nicolas maduro invites the u.s. special envoy for talks in caracas. protesters in haiti keep up the pressure as the president refuses calls to step down. stories of war heroes hit the big screen the most political film festival in the world. they u.s. congress has passed a bipartisan bill to avoid another government shutdown doesn't include money for the drums border war with mexico the white house says trump will declare a national emergency to secure the funding john hendren has more from washington d.c. i actually think it's bad politics as president trump ended one showdown with congress he set off another the yeas are eighty three. naser sixty ending the threat of

another government shutdown the senate and house of representatives passed a spending bill that does not include the five point seven billion dollars president trump wanted for a border wall with mexico but as the president signaled he would sign that measure the white house said trump will also declare a national emergency on the border giving him access to contingency funds that congress has already approved he will also be issuing a national emergency declaration at the same time and i've indicated to him that i'm going to prepare the port the national emergency declaration democratic leaders immediately promised to challenge president trump couldn't convince mexico he couldn't convince the american people he couldn't convince their elected representatives to pay for his ineffective and expensive wall so now he's trying an end run around congress in a desperate attempt to put taxpayers on the hook for it make no mistake.

congress will defend our constitutional authorities in every way that we can democrats say it's hard to argue that illegal immigration is a crisis when border arrests are at a forty year low we will review our options with that hair to respond appropriately to it i know the republicans had some an ease about it no matter what they say because if the president can to clear an emergency on something that he has created as an emergency and it illusion that he wants to convey just think of what a president with different values can present to the american people democrats and even some republicans warn the president is setting a dangerous precedent opening the door for future presidents to achieve unilaterally what they could not get out of congress a future democratic president they say could one day declare global warming or gun violence to be national emergencies the democrats who control the house have

already signaled they will vote on a bill to block emergency funding for a border wall but in the republican controlled senate that measure is unlikely to pass if trump can overcome a certain court challenge that would give him the chance to fulfill his promise to funded two thousand mile wall if not the promise that mexico would pay for it john hendren al jazeera washington. the senior democrat on the u.s. senate foreign relations committee wants the trump administration to hand over documents related to the killing of saudi journalist. sends a letter to secretary of state's mike requesting records about whether any senior saudi official including crown prince mohammed bin man was responsible for his death shoji was killed last october after he entered the saudi consulate in istanbul his body has never been found. president nicolas maduro has invited trump's new special envoy to venezuela to visit caracas and an interview with

associated press he also revealed that his way the officials have been holding talks privately with the u.s. despite the standoff the trumpet ministration has repeatedly called the moderates resign and recognized the opposition leader. as the interim president the venezuelan opposition's envoy to the u.s. is trying to shore up international support some bring aid into the country he made the appeal at a conference of the organization of american states in washington it follows a pledge of support from about fifty member countries that the united nations on wednesday. on the reports from washington. a ballroom full of diplomats to show support for venice well an opposition leader wondered why though billed as the first daniel global conference on the humanitarian crisis in venezuela and hosted by those washington advisors diplomats from sixty countries attended most of whom recognized as president the interest in the meeting was high the organizers

announced they reached one hundred million dollars in pledges in aid money but it's unclear where that money will go but one of those top advisors rejected claims that the aid is being used for political means by all sides. we're now looking there because of a teacher. some areas emotional for some reason totally many issues are working today this was very much a day about competing diplomacy here it was about showing support for one but in new york at the united nations the scene was much different. flanked by ambassadors from several countries that support president nicolas maduro russia china and iran venezuela's foreign minister. struck a defiant tone in venezuela there's one. one government the government of president maduro so no one can give that lines or specially this man who was

self-proclaimed who self proclaimed himself as president of venezuela in the middle of a street of a demonstration with without any constitutional framework that as well as foreign minister met with the un secretary general on monday the un recognizes maduro but is calling for talks the clearer and even more serious needs to find to start serious political negotiations but it's increasingly clear both sides are committed to entrenching themselves with countries that support them rather than talks with the other side gabriel's andro al-jazeera washington haiti's president has addressed the nation after a week of violent protests at least eight people have died since the rallies broke out in the capital port au prince last thursday protesters are calling for more ways to resign they're angry over rising inflation and the allegations of government corruption but you are

a part of has more from port au prince. the president spoke on national television here in haiti condemning the violence on the streets of port au prince that has claimed the lives of several people within the context of this political crisis but he failed to alan any concrete steps toward addressing the root causes of the unrest the root causes of the discontent that many people here other than saying that it's now going to be up to haiti's judicial body to find a solution to the crisis there was no mention of the corruption scandal that sparked the protests in the first place in fact there's more questions now over what the president didn't say now the reaction on twitter here in haiti already has been quite negative we can confirm that the president's political opposition has already called for more demonstrations to take place on the streets of port au prince tomorrow people here want answers for what happened some more than two billion dollars in development funds that are unaccounted for there was no mention of that in the president's speech today and what we're hearing from protesters on

the streets is that they want the president to resign they've lost all faith in the government they've lost confidence in the governmental system in haiti and they want the president to resign but we're also hearing from more moderate voices who say that the only way the only path toward a lasting resolution to this crisis is a national dialogue but it has to be a dialogue that includes the voices of haitians from all sectors of society. two rival meetings addressing stability in the middle east wrapped up in poland the us stepped up its efforts to isolate iran at a conference attended by sixteen nations. russia's president hosted turkish and iranian leaders for talks on how to end the war in syria so to hold a report on the sochi summit. the so-called guarantors of the syrian peace process the presidents of russia iran and turkey are partners in the astronaut negotiating framework the leaders met to find consensus on how to carve up syrian territory

following the planned u.s. withdrawal of american troops from an area under the control of the kurdish group the wipe it was clear even before these sort of began that they didn't agree russia and iran told turkey that the syrian government should we gain control of north east syria wants us troops leave at any plan to set up a safe zone in syria along its borders we need the consent of president bashar assad's government the turkish government's concerns should be taken into consideration we believe cooperation with the legal government of syria and deployment of syrian soldiers alongside international borders is going to be more sustainable iran continues to be willing a long side russian friends to play its role in order to ensure friendship between syria and turkey turkey's president or the guard once a close friend of the syrian president has been a staunch supporter of the opposition since the uprising began in two thousand and eleven or to guard it recently acknowledged that there have been low level contacts

between turkey's and syria's intelligence agencies the turkish government wants a safe zone to push the allied kurdish armed group the wipe from its border it considers the group a terrorist organization and a threat to its national security iran and russia are acknowledging what they are calling turkey's security concerns but they want the agreement of nine. ninety eight to be revived which means damascus will reign in the white b.g. and provide the guarantees turkey seeks russian iran also have another demand they want turkey to clear a demilitarized zone from fighters in the province the province is under the control of high up the heat a sham a group many in the international community consider linked to al-qaeda. i'd like to stress the creation of the it lives on of deescalation is a temporary measure the rest of the rebel shouldn't go unpunished that may be a threat of

a russian backed syrian government offensive that turkey wants to prevent so as not to cause a humanitarian crisis on its border. syrian people especially in our brothers and sisters are trying to stay alive they've suffered enough and the pete significant li we will continue to do what we should be doing based on the memorandum we're determined not to make the situation worse the strategic interests of russia iran and turkey not just in syria means their differences are unlikely to affect their alliance but turkey's feeling the pressure. to hand out hundreds of isis fighters have surrendered to syrian democratic forces in the eastern region of the. kurdish fighters have launched a final push against the group in the village of. the area is the last. controls in syria thousands of people fled to s.t.'s health positions to escape the violence the s.t.'s has been so.