a top catholic cardinal has admitted that church files on priests who sexually abused children were destroyed or never even created a german cardinal law speaking at a meeting in vatican city that's because of paedophilia in the clergy have been called for a new culture of accountability in the church which led pope francis to call the four day conference on thursday presented a national plan some abuse survivors say it's not enough. the saudi crown prince says china has the right to fight against extremism to protect its own national security. been a monster and a visit to beijing being interpreted as a reference to china's crackdown against the we get muslim minority rights groups say china's detained an estimated one million a week is what beijing says reeducation camps. so those are the headlines the news continues here on the al-jazeera statement also watching.

he was sent to jail but under two different prime minister this. now he is set to become the next prime minister of malaysia. and why abraham and discusses what direction his country will take on talk to al-jazeera. green bacteria in the tree. because how council climate change. explores the science of. this is. going to explore the intersection of humanity and we're doing it in a unique way this is science by scientific.

fossil fuels powering the industrial economy with global economic growth. in greenhouse. since the one nine hundred fifty s. the u.s. space agency has been monitoring carbon dioxide levels. in two thousand and thirteen climate history is made at the moment station in hawaii. the month of may we measured c o two. to go over four hundred. which is a milestone. we think this is a significant milestone it reminds us of the fact that. is higher than in the last at least two million years. was also significant is

the rate of increase is rapid. this computer generated image shows the. across the globe the intense red indicate increased burning of fossil fuels during the. two thousand and six which in turn generates. america europe and asia scientists around the world have evidence indicating increased levels of fear in. a behind rising temperatures extreme droughts and extreme storms associated with warming and climate change the prime scientists say carbon dioxide to. nature can provide a path. through photosynthesis treason. to production as the growth of the forests global temperatures continue to climb

higher. ever recorded one way to stop rising sea. is to reduce dangerous emissions research is the taking of. science to come up with methods to capture through innovation one experimental plan would inject carbon emissions underground could be turned into and stored indefinitely welcome to techno i got to say the same thing and the theme for and i think the landscape. i think is beauty isn't just on the surface there's a lot more happening. and one of the most geologically active areas on. according to iceland's national energy authority the tiny island nation is packed with more than two hundred active

volcanoes. but even when they aren't erupting in many volcanic molten magnifies just. that results in a landscape covered with hot spots and open gas. in the middle of one of these hot spots. fueled entirely by the energy from the ground the geothermal power generated here provides more than enough energy to night. capital city of reykjavik so we're right on the edge of a volcanic area aren't we how important it is for the fight we wouldn't. be here if it weren't for the world where the world that's where we have. here is a chemical engineer and the. energy. she took us to the top of the ball to get

a close up view station. this is the geothermal version of an oil rig. fluid. more than two hundred degrees. so. three hundred degrees. and so. across from the ground. yeah basically with their limbs the crux of the ground rhetoric. war third or you know just regular work that's circulating through that's how we. bring a thing that we can really imagine what's going to be like yeah yeah i mean it's much more than that this is just you know for. us is incredible but what's happening here is actually as a result of what's going on thousands of inmates have been

a fly think the look is so hot and porous when engine is religious so it is a really safe place he said that he felt a very family gases including the i would say the scientists hear all sorts of things especially. the set of beliefs into the atmosphere. as it turns out. and is also a giant tree home to one of the world's most innovative plans to capture carbon dioxide say good business and is a research professor at the ice and he's part of the team behind cobb thinks the common capture program of energy even though this is a green energy point five percent of what comes out of the ground is made up of gases cup and dioxide and hunched in some fight. the idea is to take home the

missions and inject them back into the ground. theoretically you could take all your tool that's going to be released in the future you know from burning all of known fossil fuel on earth you could capture it and you can store it in the ocean a great you know with all of it all of it you know about this five tons of coal that's kind of the estimated you know emission of most of if we if we a myth of the current rate increase causing climate change causing acidification of the ocean etc unless we captured with you that's incredible that this carbon capture method could be the solution to. eliminating our carbon footprint well it's not a silver bullet i mean it's not the solution is reward of the solution. the cop fix program was conceived in the labs here in two thousand and six by two thousand and twelve it was fully implemented in the field it takes advantage of something else i

since tectonic heritage provides the sun take a look at the landscape has is highly dramatic and it's covered in this dark and jagged edge long right above and below the surface it's called. volcanic lava cools and it's perfect for capturing carbon because it's highly reactive with zero. this is the key ingredient to this whole innovative process isn't there this is a chunk of us off here looking up but it's the black material that's the post office and then you can see white spots sort of in between this actually moving calcium carbonate that we are forming that's the c o two. so these white spots is actually this isn't just a chunk yeah this is a very nice calcium carbonate crystal cultured christo. but this is not really representative of what do what we form within the ground during our injection

that's more like the spots you can see the possibly this process is happening here in iceland naturally for example in order to ferment areas where we have come there to interacting with our soft turning this year to into carbon minerals so then we thought why not test this interesting idea out here in west london when we have our geothermal power plant providing a source of c o two that come and become. injected back into the ground and see if we can utilize accelerate this not sure process so the process is happening naturally here it's happening at a much faster speed did you predict that yeah so i actually in the beginning i was involved with the project in my in as a part of my ph d. bush the multiple projects that mineralization to approach within five years time. it proved out that the processes in foss them all to protect that most of the c o two was turned into stone within only two years two and once the c o two is turned

into stone we don't have to worry about that it's not going anywhere it's just but it in the ground as raw the process begins at the production while. steam is sent down these pipes and into the main power plant below it's used to turn the plants giant ted lines which produced electricity. impressive for bonds them out there in the first of. the water it's taken the heat exchanger. with this. thing the pipes on their careers are souring and. once the steam is usually been leased back into the atmosphere for the car fixed project the gas is about point five percent of steam going to be special cleaning toilets that's where the company . so the guesses get a shower what does that mean yeah they actually flow through

a column where we have what the drop was falling falling down because three rows in the opposite direction i guess meets a liquid yeah and during that sort of interaction the c o two one had some sulfite they do salt into the water droplets that were sent back down the pipe to. several hundred meters from the main plant that said this is really the heart of innovation in this for what happens so here we are actually interacting water containment this on c o two into the ground into the boss off the coast or where the chemical reactions place and turn it into a rock so the gas has been dissolved in water is that what's coming up through the pipe here in the pipe we have or are about thirty meters per second of compounds theme actually containing the salt c o two and it's to us flowing through here because if you look through the window you can see that there are actually i mean

bubbles are visible even though we have a lot of fluid still flowing through it and that's because all the costs are the salt is hard to believe that there's actually these is the second. of water content of gas flowing through here it just looks like it's yeah it looks it looks empty but if you look closely you can see so what is more profit off moving around a little bit so it is actually happening and you can see it's on compressor one point five hours the final step in the process is where the chemical reaction happens the water is pumped down the pipe to a depth of one point five kilometer that's where it hits bedrock and that's where the chemical reaction takes place as they like to say it's where gas is turned to rock. so what happens after we inject this year two was that this year two was is the salt and water which is then acidic. the acidic water dissolves the process of the coaster releasing calcium magnesium and iron into the water fluid where it can

react with the c o two that's already there and for these carbonate mineral disposal to react fast. formed the rocks. where we surprised we have done some experiments we have done the transport modeling where we predicted that this would take of the order of five to ten years no one really believed. you know you really have to do it ben we injected. mineralize from two years from trusted news the plant already green has reduced its carbon footprint by one more importantly a team of ph d. students at the university of rice and is conducting a new round of testing to figure out why cupcakes is so well and whether it has global application for this machine here is very much like more hearts just found months i guess where it's mixing together so i'm very inactive not sure. what

are you trying to find from all this experimentation so the main aim is to figure out where the kick off is when is the c o two reacting with the salt to form carbonate why is the carbon insulation so fast i mean in other carbon storage methods it takes tens of thousands of years or is this a procedure that could be. copied around the world that is the hope i mean right now it has been done in iceland and they are doing studies united states in the columbia river area we have to try and link up with other companies and universities and other countries in the world in order to bring this method to them but also alter it to what type of industry they have and what type of rocks they have and then in a way looking at the different industries seeing what. what they do on a daily basis and seeing how you can alter it such a way that they can also store their gas emissions in the ground. so it's working

very well. but what of the other applications of this technology because of course we want to get the coal fired power plants where the much of the mission is done also we want to get this to two smelters you know we need to in the future even if we abandon fossil fuels i don't. relate scientists here so we have a long way to go but they would begin testing the car fixed process a power plants and smelters situated in coastal regions. so far tests at the energy plant chainmail negative impact on water supplies downstream from the injection site other methods of carbon storage. in geological formations or injecting c o two into depleted or wells the car fixed process. to my surprise actually turns the gas into rock so how can this be

expanded globally. well lived. and when we have it we have big plans of. in the states in siberia but also the whole ocean explorer well that's a lot of surface and one of the downsides of this method that it is that we need a lot of what that is because we wanted to solve the c o two completely before we inject if we used to see what that but then to the ocean explorer somehow we have endless supply of what you know us what we could imagine so but the question remains how much of this would be practical to use. with not really the only way to capture and store you know we this is the first experiments we do you know one on that is nowhere close to an interest to obscure good conventional

way of capturing c o two and compressing it and injecting into circular basin they've been doing since ninety six so there's a lot of know. what this. is that we need to put a price on the cardboard that has to be an incentive for him to do it and it should be included in the price of fossil fuels the price of capturing and storing the car we have done then i'm very optimistic we know of course we always have to work on ways to actually lower the price but it is doable with the present knowledge we have but it's costly in two thousand and fifteen the u.s. national academy of science issued a report on geo engineering the science of using technology to counter the impact of climate change the panels contrition the benefits of carbon dioxide high risk costs a challenge they called for more studies to determine if known term storage of c o

two could be safe and effective scientists at the university of rice and harder and they studied. capturing c o two is just one possible solution the scientists have a plan but not burying carbon dioxide but they are finding a way to use it the technique. scientists in amsterdam are studying another solution to help reduce global c o two levels there innovating green manufacturing techniques of some common products like plastics that actually remove instead of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during production currently the plastic manufacturing process emits huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the environment adding to the problem of climate change. but what if the new technology could produce the type of biodegradable plastic that could actually help reverse the greenhouse effect the possibility of this lies inside bacteria and ancient organism the first of three point five billion years ago which

turns carbon dioxide into valuable organic compounds from which plastics can be made as a whole variety of organisms. like belongs to. the microorganisms that recall the cyano work area. this is an example of the blue green algae. here in amsterdam science park a young startup has grand plans harnessing the photosynthetic power of cyanobacteria not only to reduce c o two in the atmosphere but also to produce earth friendly consumer products the science behind this begins with an understanding of photosynthesis plants and some bacteria use energy from the sun along with carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere to produce oxygen and organic compounds the oxygen is put back into earth's atmosphere and the cycle continues. scientists have found that cyanobacteria one of the oldest organisms

known to man can be engineered in the lab to excrete commercially valuable molecules. although there are differences in climate between various places on earth we also find many different than the victoria and in principle you could find for any sport where you would want to apply to your technique you could find a certain fan of bacterium that is optimally adapted to carry out the process that you have to find. in this lab living cyanobacteria conduct photosynthesis under artificial conditions and are engineered to excrete a number of specific compounds used in products ranging from plastics to fragrances to pharmaceuticals. the cyanobacteria excluded compounds used in the manufacturing of bioplastics is lactic acid. dr class telling where is a microbiologist spearheading the cyanobacteria research and here is an example of a product that can be made by the santa victoria in very large amounts and this

case this is one of the. early if you were forms of lactic acid and then if you have a culture a liquid culture that has been modified to produce the electric effort and you let it produce for a for a while for this elective. can then be used to make consumer products of plastic and there's also a very important product. that will become much more important in the years to come and this is the electric us to use in three d. printing and my expectation is that the amount of products that we that we will be using that have been produced in the three d. printer will be enormous for your trees in the coming years. growing cyanobacteria to make lactic acid for use in plastic manufacturing requires a detailed scientific recipe. researcher dr sabrina explains how the cyanobacteria is grown in the lab. here we grow the precautions that when the news is to not too

late. large bottles that will be again used to inoculate our pilot facility which is from three four hundred liters of two thousand liters so you're growing a small amount in here and then you'll dump it and went to looks like an empty clear yet liquid and then it has to be the screen yes exactly yeah what's in here right now what are these we had he was a bit electric i said producing bacteria but we do is the monitor as close as possible all different part of meters from ph to temperature to nutrient concentration in order to find the best recipe for the medium. the lactic acid producing say in a bacteria is engineered here it will be moved to other labs with larger bio reactors just scale up production increasing the amount of bioplastics that can be manufactured later normally you don't think about plastic is necessarily being good

for the environment but these are generally there is a problem with plastics that if they are very recalcitrant that means that once they are deposited in the environment they will stay in the environment and they will not degrade or degrade only very very slowly and the nice thing of this plastic is that it is based on molecules from living cells and that means that there are also enzymes in living cells that can break the connection and then can degrade the plastic the nice thing of this type of polymer is that you can make blends of these polymers that have a range of degradation that you can set when you make the polymer tunable it is june of. this this be good to be degraded and then the material in the three d. printing so you're proposing an almost entirely closed loop you start with in the atmosphere you use the modified cyanobacteria to create a plastic polymer that humans use goes to landfill is broken down and turns back into. this very important and we call it the carbon cycle on earth

and now the last two hundred years mankind has learned that it is very cheap and attractive to burn all that for us however if we continue to do that create this problem of increased c o two and global warming and that's why it is very important to change the carbon cycle into a cycle where all the carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis by the plans for food or the scientific theory to make materials all this fixed carbon is used and after you ideally it is. and wanted to see you do is going to end of a cycle a new and with an energy of sunlight new products can be made. using nature and science to combat climate change or mind does have potential but techno are not so sure the same are in iceland the next time.

the fact. the smallest place on the planet and one that could soon be lost forever with an international team of scientists is determined not to let that happen without intervention to give the big i would say year two at best now it's a race against time to try and save a species. like a crisis that's in the motions. extinction.

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sunrise to sunset across asia. and the pacific explore untold and fascinating stories one on ones on al-jazeera. this is al-jazeera on live from studio fourteen here at al-jazeera headquarters in doha i'm. while continues grid battle at the border venezuelan soldiers fired tear gas of protesters as opposition supporters marched to collect aid with president nicolas maduro shutting the border to three neighboring countries will that be enough to block foreign supplies from getting in. an uneasy calm ensue.