there is asian efforts on the korean peninsula at the meeting in hanoi in four days vote counting is underway in nigeria's presidential election several polling stations stayed open longer to deal with queues of people wanting to cast their ballots saudi arabia has replaced its ambassador to the u.s. with its first female envoy prince's rema been to bandar takes over from the king's son prince khalid bin salman who's been appointed vice defense minister thousands of people have been protesting in pakistan against what they're calling atrocities committed in indian administered kashmir they rallied in karachi in support of pakistan's army and u.s. singer r. kelly has appeared in court in chicago on multiple sexual assault charges a judge described the allegations against him as disturbing and set bail at a million dollars the fifty two year old is facing ten counts of aggravated sexual abuse for incidents dating back as far as the one nine hundred ninety eight those are the headlines techno is next on and is there.

just. green bacteria in the tree. because how council climate change. explores the science of capturing. this. change. we're going to explore the intersection of humanity and we're doing it in a unique way this is a science by scientists. fossil

fuels powering the modern industrial economy with global economic growth. in. greenhouse gas since the one nine hundred fifty s. the u.s. space agency has been monitoring carbon dioxide levels. in two thousand and thirteen climate history is made at the moment station in hawaii. in the month of may we measured c o two. you know why go over four hundred. which is a milestone you can say. we think this is a significant milestone it reminds us of the fact that. is higher than it has been in the last at least two million years. was also significant is the rate of increase is rapid. this computer generated image

shows the flow across the globe the intense reds indicate increased burning of fossil fuels during the. two thousand and six which in turn generates. america europe and asia scientists around the world have evidence indicating increased levels of fear. behind rising temperatures extreme droughts and extreme storms associated with warming and climate change the prime scientists say carbon dioxide to. nature can provide a carbon capture through photosynthesis treason. production has outpaced the growth of the forests global temperatures continue to climb higher . ever. one way to stop rising

sea. is to reduce dangerous emissions research is the taking in. science to come up with methods to capture through innovation one experiment to plan would inject carbon emissions underground could be turned into and stored indefinitely welcome to attack. us and a theme and i think the landscape. i think is beauty isn't just on the surface there's a lot more happening. and one of the most geologically active areas. according to national energy authority the tiny island nation with more than two hundred active volcanoes. but

even when they aren't in many volcanic molten just. that results in a landscape. and gas. in the middle of one of these hot sports. fueled entirely by the energy from the ground the geothermal power generated here provides more than enough energy. capital city of mecca get there we're right on the edge of a volcanic area around we how important it is for the fight we wouldn't. be here if it weren't for the world came across where the world came to is that's where we have. electricity etc just as a chemical engineer. and. she took us to the top of the bowl came to get a closeup view station. this is the geothermal version of an oil rig.

the flow of. more than two hundred degrees. so three. three hundred degrees. and so. across from the ground. yeah basically with their limbs or crux of the ground where we. were third or you know just regular work that's circulating through. our. bringing up the thing that we can really imagine what life yeah yeah i mean it's much more than that this is just you know a couple guys for. us is incredible but what's happening here is actually as a result of what's going on thousands of inmates have been a fly thing the ruckus so horace that when engine is through a little so it is

a really safe place he said getting. a very family gases including the i would say the scientists hear all sorts of things especially. the sort of relief into the atmosphere. as it turns out. and is also a giant tree home to one of the world's most innovative plans to capture carbon dioxide say good business and is a research professor at the ice and he's part of the team behind cobb thinks the carbon capture program record big energy even though this is a green energy point five percent of what comes out of the ground is made gases cup and dioxide and hunched in some fight. the idea is to take this home from the missions and inject them back into the ground how many theoretically you could take

all be sealed through that's going to be released in the future you know from burning all of no fossil fuel on earth you could capture it and you can store it in the ocean egregious you know with all of it all of it you know about this five thousand tons of carbon that's kind of the estimated you know emissions most of if we if we admit of the current rate increase causing climate change causing acidification of the ocean etc unless we capture of the c o two that's incredible that this carbon capture method could be the solution to. eliminating our carbon footprint well it's not the silver bullet i mean it's not the solution is reward of the solutions the can't fix program was conceived in the labs in two thousand and six by two thousand and twelve it was fully implemented in the field it takes advantage of something else iceland's tectonic heritage provides the sun take

a look. the landscape a is highly dramatic and it's covered in this dog and jagged edge of rock right above and below the surface it's called the salt sea and it's volcanic lava cools and it's perfect for capturing carbon because it's highly reactive with. this is the key ingredient to this whole innovative process isn't there this is a chunk of fossil fuel looking up but it's the new black material that's the most soft and then you can see white spots sort of in between this extremely calcium carbonate that we're forming it's the c o two. so these white spots is actually this isn't just a chunk of it this is a very nice calcium carbonate crystal cults of cristo. but this is not really representative of what do what we form within the ground during our injection that's more like the spots you can see the possibly this process is happening here

in iceland not surely for example in order to form an area where we have what's coming to interacting with a soft turning this into into carbon minerals so then we thought why not test this interesting idea out here in west london when we have all. come to providing a source of c o two that come and become. injected back into the ground and see if we can utilize accelerate this not sure process so the process is happening naturally here it's happening at a much faster speed did you predict that yeah so i actually in the beginning i was involved with the project in my in support of my ph d. bush the multiple projects that mineralization to approach within five years time but. it proved that the processes in fosse them all to protect the hosts the c o two was turned into stone within the only two years to. the c o two is turned into

stone you don't have to worry. about it it's not going anywhere it's just but it in the ground as. the process begins of the production. team sent down these pipes and into the main power plant below is used to turn the giant which produces electricity in for us a fair price for. the water it's taken. with the. pipes and there were years for souring and. once the steam is usually released back into the atmosphere for the car fixed project the geothermal gas is about point five percent of steam going to be special. that's where the carbon capture process. so the guesses get a shower what does that mean yeah they actually flow through a column where we have what the truck was falling falling down and they got three

rows in the opposite direction i guess meats and liquid yeah and during that sort of interaction the c o two had some sort of fight they do salt into the water droplets that water is sent back down the pipe to this injection several hundred meters from the main plant that's how this is really the heart of innovation in this for what happens so here we are actually into being what they're containing this on c o two into the ground into the boss of the whole store where the chemical reactions place and turn it into rock so the gas has been dissolved in water is that what's coming up through the pipe. here in the pipe we have or are about thirty meters per second of compounds theme actually containing this salt c o two and it's to us flowing through here because if you look through the window you can see that there are actually i mean bubbles are visible even though we have a lot of fluid flowing through it and that's because all the costs are the salt is

hard to believe that there's actually these is the second. of water content of gas flowing through here and just like this yeah it looks it looks empty but if you look closely you can see so what is more profit off moving around a little bit so it is actually happening and you can see it on compressor one point five hours the final step in the process is where the chemical reaction happens the water is pumped down this notch pipe to a depth of one point five kilometer that's where it hits bedrock and that's where the chemical reaction takes as they like to say it's where gas is turned to rock so what happens after the reinject the c o two was there this year too was is the salt and water which is the acidic. the acidic waters the salt. the coast through releasing calcium magnesium and into the water fluid where it can react with the c o two that's already there. for these carbon of minerals. on the floor of

the docks. when i was surprised we had done some experiments and we had done somebody after transport modeling where we predict that this would take off the order of five to ten years no one really believed you know i'm then you really have to do it and then we inject that henri paul got that we could mineralized in two years which is a fantastic new the plant already green has reduced its cup and footprint by one more importantly a team of ph d. students at the university of bison is conducting a new round of testing to figure out why topic is what a well whether has global after case where this machine here is very much like more hot on the your family album but that's where it's mixing together so i'm reenacting that what are you trying to find from the supply mentation so the

main aim is to figure out where the kick off is when is the c o two reacting with the salt to form carbonate why is the carbon in season so fast and i mean in other carbon storage methods and takes tens of thousands of years is a procedure that could be. copied around the world that in the hope i mean right now it has been done in iceland and they are doing studies at the united states in the columbia river area we have to try and link up with other companies and universities and other countries in the world in order to bring this method to them but also alter it to what type of industry they have and what type of rocks they have and then in a way whacking at the different industry seeing what what they do on a daily basis and seeing how you can alter it such a way that they can also store their gas emissions in the ground. fair is working very well. but one of the other applications of this technology will be over up

because of course we want to get the coal fired power plants where the much of the mission is done or for we want to get this through to smelters you know we need to in the future even if we abandon fossil fuel i don't. relate scientists here so we have a long way to go but they would begin testing the complex process of power plants and smelters situated in coastal regions. so far tested the energy plant chainmail negative impact on water supplies downstream from the injection site other methods of carbon storage. in geological formations or injecting c o two into depleted or wells the car fixed process is the . person actually turns the gas into rock so how can this be expanded globally. well lived.

when we have it we have big planes of rocks and in the states in siberia but also the whole ocean explorer well that's a lot of surface and one of the downsides of this method that is that we need a lot of work that of course we want to solve the c o two completely before we inject if we used to see what that but then to the ocean explorer somehow we have endless supply of what you know us what we could imagine so but the question remains how much of this would be practical to use. with not really the only way to capture and store you know we this is the first experiments we do you know one on that is nowhere close to an interest groups. good conventional way of capturing c o two and compressing it on injecting into separate places they've

been doing since ninety six so there's a lot of know. what this. is that we need to put a price on the carpet it has to be an incentive for him to do it and it should be included in the price of fossil fuels the price of capturing and storing the car we have done then i'm very optimistic we know of course we always have to work on ways to actually lower the price but it is doable with the present knowledge we have but it's costly in two thousand and fifteen the us national academy of science issued a report on geo engineering the science of using technology to counter the impact of climate change the panel's completions the benefits of carbon dioxide high risk costs a challenge they called for more studies to determine if storage of c o two could be safe and effective scientists at the university of rice and harder and they

studied. capturing c o two is just one possible solution but scientists. but not burying carbon dioxide but they are finding a way to use that technique. scientists in amsterdam are studying another solution to help reduce global c o two levels they're innovating green manufacturing techniques of some common products like plastics that actually remove instead of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during production currently the plastic manufacturing process emits huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the environment adding to the problem of climate change. but what if the new technology could produce a type of biodegradable plastic that could actually help reverse the greenhouse effect the possibility of this lies inside bacteria an ancient organism the first of all three point five billion years ago which turns carbon dioxide into valuable

organic compounds from which plastics can be made as a whole variety of organisms that. are. very strong particular. microorganisms that recall the cyano work very well. this is an example of the blue green algae here in amsterdam science park a young startup has grand plans harnessing the photosynthetic power of cyanobacteria not only to reduce c o two in the atmosphere but also to produce earth friendly consumer products the science behind this begins with an understanding of photosynthesis plants and some bacteria use energy from the sun along with carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere to produce oxygen and organic compounds the oxygen is back into earth's atmosphere and the cycle continues. scientists have found that cyano bacteria one of the oldest organisms known to man can be engineered in the lab to excrete commercially valuable

molecules. although there are differences in climate between various places on earth we also find many different sand bacteria and in principle you could find for any sport where you would want to apply to your technique you could find a certain santa bacterium that is optimally adapted to carry out the process that you have to find. in this lab living cyanobacteria conduct photosynthesis under artificial conditions and are engineered to excrete a number of specific compounds used in products ranging from plastics to fragrances to pharmaceuticals. the cyanobacteria excluded compound used in the manufacturing of bioplastics is lactic acid. dr class telling which is a microbiologist spearheading the cyanobacteria research and here you see an example of a product that can be made by the same on a bacteria in very large amounts and this case this is one of the. the coli

if you were forms of lactic acid and then if you have a culture a liquid culture that has been modified to produce the lactic acid and you let it produce for a for a while fish electic as a poem or can then be used to making consumer products of plastics and there's also a very important product that will become much more important in the years to come and this is the electric acid that they used in three d. printing and my expectation is that the amount of products that we will that we will be using that have been produced in a three d. printer will enormously trees in the end of coming years. growing cyanobacteria to make lactic acid for use in plastic manufacturing requires a detailed scientific recipe. researcher dr sabrina fulton. explains how the cyanobacteria is grown in the last. year we've grown the precautions that were in the news in the not too late. large bottles that will be again used to

inoculate our pilot facility which is from three four hundred liters of two thousand liters so you're growing a small amount in here and then you'll dump it and went to looks like an m d clear yet liquid and then it has to be the screen yes exactly yeah what's in here right now what are these. electric i said producing bacteria what we do is the monitor as close as possible all the different part of this from ph to temperature to concentration in order to find the best recipe for the medium. do they like the acid producing scion of bacteria is engineered here it will be moved to other labs with larger bio reactors just scale up production increasing the amount of bioplastics that can be manufactured later normally you don't think about plastic is necessarily being good for the environment but these are generally there is a problem with plastics that if they are very recalcitrant that means that once

they are deposited in the environment they will stay in the environment and they will not degrade or degrade only very very slowly and the nice thing of this plastic is that it is based on molecules from living cells and that means that there are also enzymes in living cells that can break the connection and then can degrade the plastic the nice thing of this type of polymer is that you can make blends of these polymers that have a range of degradation that you can set when you make the polymer tunable it is june of that so you have brought this this be good to be degraded and then the material in this three d. printing so you're proposing an almost entirely closed loop you start with in the atmosphere you use the modified cyanobacteria to create a plastic polymer that humans use goes to landfill is broken down and turns back into. this very important and we call it the carbon cycle on earth

and now the last two hundred years mankind has learned that it is very cheap and attractive to burn all that. however if we continue to do that create this problem of increased c o two and global warming and that's why it is very important to change the carbon cycle into a cycle where all the carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis by the plans for food or the scientific period to make materials all this fixed carbon is used and after you ideally it is. and once it is you two is going to end of a cycle a new and with an energy of sunlight new products can be made. using navy and science to combat climate change the mind does have potential attack not armed opposition he said mara in iceland the next time.

the fact. on the planet could soon be lost. it's an international team of scientists is determined not to happen without intervention. i would say to a vast now it's a race against time to try to. take a crisis that's in the match and see plan. tag no zero. it's a daunting climb to one of the holiest sites in bhutan. seems to defy gravity every piece of the u.s. is expected to complete the pilgrimage to ensure peace and happiness when it became a democracy in two thousand and eight the time put happiness at the center of political policy inspiring the un to pass a resolution urging other nations to follow be times example but how do you measure

it. but when sure it if it is. simply turning its pursuit into policy time has done what no other country has. whether online. with the didn't you for them. therefore if you join us on the set all of us have been calling those in some form or some fashion this is a dialogue we are talking about illegal friend you have seen what it can do to somebody people using multiple drugs including the phone and some people or so if you know everyone has a voice from the us your boss your twitter and you could be on the street join the global conversation amount is iraq. in a world where journalism as an industry is changing the world fortunate to be able to continue to expand to continue to have that passenger drive and present the stories in a way that is important to our viewers. everyone has

a story worth hearing. we cover those that are often ignored we don't weigh our coverage towards one particular region or continent that's why i joined al-jazeera . in venezuela it turns into a battleground as government troops fight with opposition supporters trying to get a day. back to this is al jazeera live from our headquarters in doha also ahead a wave of excitement north korea's leader heads for his second summit with president donald from. nigeria begins counting the votes out to millions of people

go to the polls to elect a new president and look at the nominees for best foreign language film at this year's oscars and how the movie.