so the guesses get a shower what does that mean yeah they actually flow through a column where we have what the truck was falling falling down and they got three rows in the opposite direction i guess meats and liquid yeah and during that sort of interaction the c o two one had some sort of fight they do salt into the water droplets that were sent back down the pipe to. several hundred meters from the main plant that said this is really the heart of innovation in this for what happens so here we are actually injecting water containing this on c o two into the ground into the boss off the coast or where the chemical reactions place and turn it into a rock so the gas has been dissolved in water is that what's coming up through the pipe here in the pipe we have or are about thirty meters per second of compounds theme actually containing the salt c o two and it's to us flowing through here because if you look through the window you can see that there are actually i mean

bubbles are visible even though we have a lot of fluid still flowing through it and that's because all the costs are the salt is hard to believe that there's actually thousands of these is the second. of water content and gas flowing through here it just looks like it's yeah it looks it looks empty but if you look closely you can see so what is more profit off moving around a little bit so it is actually happening and you can see some compressor in one point five hours the final step in the process is where the chemical reaction happens the water is pumped down this notch pipe to a depth of one point five kilometer that's where it hits bedrock and that's where the chemical reaction takes place as they like to say it's where gas is turned to rock. so what happens after we inject this here too is that they see it to us is the salt and water which is then acidic. the acidic water dissolves the process of the coaster releasing calcium magnesium and iron into the water fluid where it can

react with the c o two that's already there and for these carbonate minerals possible to react fast. formed the rocks. where we surprise we have done some experiments we have done transport modeling where we predicted that this would take over the order of five to ten years no one really believed. you know you really have to do it then we injected but we couldn't mineralized him two years from trusted news the plant already green has reduced its carbon footprint by one more importantly a team of ph d. students at the university of rice and is conducting a new round of testing to figure out why cupcakes so well whether it has application for this machine here is very much like more hearts just found months i guess where it's mixing together so i'm very active now. what are

you trying to find from almost experimentation so the main aim is to figure out where the kick off is when is the c o two reacting with the salt to form carbonate why is the carbon insulation so fast i mean in other carbon storage methods it takes tens of thousands of years or is this a procedure that could be. copied around the world that is the hope i mean right now it has been done in iceland and they are doing studies united states in the columbia river we have to try and link up with other companies and universities and other countries in the world in order to bring this matter to them but also alter it to what type of industry they have and what type of rocks they have and then in a way looking at the different industries seeing. what they do on a daily basis and seeing how you can alter it such

a way that they can also store their gas emissions in the ground. so it's working very well at the plant but one of the other applications of this technology because of course we want to get the coal fired power plants you know where the much of their mission is done also we want to get this to. you know we need to in the future even if we abandon fossil fuel we need i don't. mind we would need to see. scientists here say they have a long way to go but they would begin testing the car fix process a power plants and smelter is situated in coastal regions near ocean rock. so far tests at the energy plant chainmail negative impact on water supplies downstream from the injection site other methods of carbon storage rely on bearing the gas in geological formations or injecting c o two into depleted or wells the carb fix process is the only one with him to my surprise but actually turns the gas

into rock so how can this be expanded globally. well it must. be most of the. surface of. when we have it we have big planes of plastic rocks and in the states in siberia but also the whole ocean explorer well that's a lot of surface and one of the downsides of this method that it is that we need a lot of what that is because we wanted to solve the c o two completely before we inject if we used to see what that but then to the ocean explorer somehow we have endless supply of what you know us what we could imagine so but the question remains how much of this would be practical to use. with not really only way to capture and store you know we this is the first experiments we do you

know one on that is nowhere close to an interest to obscure good conventional way of capturing c o two and compressing it and injecting into separate places they've been doing since ninety six so there's a lot of know. what this. is that we need to put a price on the cardboard it has to be an incentive for him to do it and it should be included in the price of fossil fuels the price of capturing and storing the car once we have that then i'm very optimistic we know of course we always have to work on ways to actually lower the price but it is doable with the present knowledge we have but it's costly in two thousand and fifteen the u.s. national academy of science issued a report on geo engineering the science of using technology to counter the impact of climate change the panel's completions the benefits of carbon dioxide high risk costs

a challenge they called for more studies to determine if storage of c o two could be safe and effective scientists at the university of rice and harder and they studied. capturing c o two is just one possible solution but scientists have another plan but not burying carbon dioxide but they are finding a way to use it the technique has. scientists in amsterdam are studying another solution to help reduce global c o two levels they're innovating green manufacturing techniques of some common products like plastics that actually remove instead of add carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during production currently the plastic manufacturing process emits huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the environment adding to the problem of climate change. but what if the new technology could produce a type of biodegradable plastic that could actually help reverse the greenhouse

effect the possibility of this lies inside bacteria an ancient organism the first of three point five billion years ago which turns carbon dioxide into valuable organic compounds from which plastics can be made as a whole variety of organisms that. are long but there is a wrong particular. microorganisms that recall the cyano work area. this is an example of the blue green algae. here in amsterdam science park a young startup has grand plans harnessing the photosynthetic power of cyanobacteria not only to reduce c o two in the atmosphere but also to produce earth friendly consumer products the science behind this begins with an understanding of photosynthesis plants and some bacteria use energy from the sun along with carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere to produce oxygen and organic compounds the oxygen is put back into earth's atmosphere and the cycle continues. scientists have found that cyanobacteria one of the oldest organisms

known to man can be engineered in the lab to excrete commercially valuable molecules. although there are differences in climate between various places on earth we also find many different santa victoria and in principle you could find for any sport where you would want to apply to your technique you could find a certain phantom bacterium that is optimally adapted to carry out the process that you have to find. in this lab living cyanobacteria conduct photosynthesis under artificial conditions and are engineered to excrete a number of specific compounds used in products ranging from plastics to fragrances to pharmaceuticals. the cyanobacteria excluded compounds used in the manufacturing of bioplastics is lactic acid. dr class telling where is a microbiologist spearheading the cyanobacteria research and here is an example of

a product that can be made by the scientific theory in very large amounts and this case this is one of the. only pure forms of lactic acid and then if you have a culture a liquid culture that has been modified to produce the electric effort and you let it produce for a for a while for this elective. can then be used to make consumer products of plastic and there's also a very important product. that will become much more important in the years to come and this is the electric us to use in three d. printing and my expectation is that the amount of products that we that we will be using that have been produced in the three d. printer will be enormous trees in the coming years. growing cyanobacteria to make lactic acid for use in plastic manufacturing requires a detailed scientific recipe. researcher dr sabrina explains how the cyanobacteria

is grown in the lab. here we grow the three cultures that when the news is not too late. large bottles that will be again used to inoculate our pilot facility which is from three four hundred liters of two thousand liters so you're growing a small amount in here and then you'll dump it and went to looks like an empty clear yet liquid and then it has to be the screen yes exactly yeah what's in here right now what are these we had was a bit electric i said producing bacteria but we do is the monitor as close as possible all different part of meters from ph to temperature to nutrient concentration in order to find the best recipe for the medium. the lactic acid producing bacteria is engineered here it will be moved to other labs with larger bio reactors just scale up production increasing the amount of bioplastics that can be manufactured later normally you don't think about plastic is necessarily being

good for the environment but these are generally there is a problem with plastics that if they are very recalcitrant that means that once they are deposited in the environment they will stay in the environment and they will not degrade or degrade only very very slowly and the nice thing of this less think is that it is based on molecules from living cells and that means that there are also enzymes in living cells that can break the connection and then can degrade the plastic the nice thing of this type of polymer is that you can make blends of these palomas that have a range of degradation that you can set when you make the polymer tunable it is tunable so you will. this be good to be degraded. and then the material in this three d. printing so you're proposing an almost entirely closed loop you start with in the atmosphere you use the modified cyanobacteria to create a plastic polymer that humans use goes to landfill is broken down and turns back

into. this very important and we call it the carbon cycle on earth and now the last two hundred years mankind has learned that it is very cheap and attractive to burn all that for us however if we continue to do that create this problem of increased c o two and global warming and that's why it is very important to change the carbon cycle into a cycle where all the carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis by the plans for food or the scientific theory to make materials all this fixed carbon is used and after you ideally it is reduced and once you do see who is going to end of a cycle a new and with an energy of sunlight new products can be made. using nature and science to combat climate change the mind does have potential but technology arms out to chemise them are in iceland they're not tied to.

the fact. the smallest place on the planet and one that could soon be lost forever with an international team of scientists is determined not to let that happen without intervention to give the big i would say year two at best now it's a race against time to try and save a species like a crisis that's in the motions. extinction tag no zero. examining the headlines setting the discussions a warning from the air boss over the risks of a no deal breaker sharing casanova stories with a global audience you have your own intelligence network on the ground to tell you where to go and we'll go explore an abundance of world class programming designed

to inform motivate and inspire resilient people are really afraid the world is watching on al-jazeera by a major dish every weekly news cycle brings a series of breaking stories and then of course there's donald trump told through the eyes of the world's janel ace that's right out of a hamas script that calls for the annihilation of israel that is not what that phrase means at all he joined the listening post as we turned the cameras on the media focused on how they were caught on the stories that matter the most in better use a free palestine are they listening post on al-jazeera. the president's son donald trump jr was promised a damaging information about hillary clinton allegation want to see the

investigation seductress did the trump campaign with russia did you at any time bridge the former f.b.i. director james call me in any way shape or form the closer to batten down the investigation into michael flynn and also as you will know. next question battlefield washington on al-jazeera. reports of at least twenty five people killed at venezuela. border with brazil in a showdown over eight. below imo seem dead this year with a lie from the house and coming up a senior afghan taliban leader arrives in cata for talks with the us a ceasefire is

on the agenda after seventeen years of war. in libya warlord khalifa haftar forces killed at least nineteen people in the southwest where they've captured several oil fields. more diversity at the all schools but controversy never far over. and more people have been killed in violent confrontations along venezuela's border with brazil at least twenty five people are now thought to have died in the town of santa ana as venezuelan forces tried to stop opposition supporters from bringing in foreign aid mama gem june reports now from back out i imagine in brazil on the border with venezuela. a second round of clashes between venezuelan migrants and venezuelan security forces in as many days calm was eventually restored but things

didn't stay quiet for long. as pro-government venezuelan demonstrators converged on their side of this border with brazil. chanting their support for president nicolas maduro insisting like he does that they need no outside aid and don't really want to say we came to sing on national anthem to show how we respect the sovereignty of all people so others also need to respect our sovereignty we're not begging for anything. a short distance down the same road new allegiances were announced. as two soldiers who defected to brazil the night before declared their support for venezuelan opposition leader. and sent him into play as a venezuelan pederasts a few pain it pains me to see all the suffering of people. at times the defectors were cheered even though there was little to be cheerful about but it's almost sunset and as you can see behind me brazilian security forces

are still blocking access to the brazilian side of the no man's land between brazil and venezuela for the past few hours the only vehicles we've seen coming through are ambulances then shocking news a new albeit unconfirmed death toll from three days worth of clashes between security forces and opposition supporters in and around the venezuelan town of santa ana. that the money handle at the moment we estimate there are twenty five people dead and eighty four injured and the thing is we don't control the hospital the military controls it the people they killed they put them in an armed vehicles and took them to a military base that's why we're not sure of the exact number of dead leaving these venezuelans to wonder just how much darker the coming days maybe mohammed atta and pocket aima on brazil's border with venezuela. and later today that's monday the u.s. vice president mike pence is due to land in colombia's capital bogota very he'll

meet venezuela's opposition leader. and outlined sets a trumpet ministration says it will take against nicolas maduro why do is appealed to world leaders to keep all options on the table a latin america editor lucien human reports now from san antonio in venezuela. when israeli security forces again denounced in the aftermath of saturday's violent response to unarmed protesters i believe that the first time the un high commissioner for human rights strongly condemned the use of excessive force by venezuela's national guard and especially pro-government armed groups the venezuela's government has a different explanation that. the plan was to use terrorists across the sea bridge run over anyone they saw people and then blame the government of nicolas maduro. as

for the quality or pro-government armed gangs whom we saw take over the streets and shoot the protesters in san antonio rodriguez claims they're illegal colombian paramilitaries who operate on both sides of the border. however after taking refuge from the gunfire we were able to see and film members of the college devils alongside national guardsman while they looted a clothes store then surely some of the guardsmen joined in to pick through the booty the golic deals maybe paramilitary but residents tell us they are venezuelan operating in open complicity with security forces oh yeah lots of them and then they belong to the government and they come through here threatening people slashing tires breaking windows. a shot someone on the corner they're stealing motorcycles. on sunday morning they were still roaming the streets albeit more discreetly near the now closed cmon believe that a bridge oh it's here that we found more of an israel ins preparing to migrate to

one of the countless illegal border crossings fleeing the violence and poverty that is driving millions of in israel from their homeland to sea and human are just sita san antonio in israel the afghan taliban is co-founder and political head is inkatha for talks which are aimed at ending the country's. seventeen year war. among several senior taliban members who will meet the u.s. special envoy. for four days of negotiations the taliban's pushing for a full withdrawal of u.s. troops from afghanistan and battles presence is being seen as a significant boost to the talks seventy deca has been following the talks and she sent us this update. reading between the lines the presence of the dod is significant he is one of the founding members of the taliban the political leader and someone who has the clout to make changes the talks are expected to last

a couple of days on the table difficult issues to deal with a nationwide cease fire the withdrawal of u.s. troops to have around fourteen thousand troops left in afghanistan also talking to the afghan government this is something the taliban has so far refused to do and having the taliban ensure that groups like isis and al qaida do not use afghanistan as a staging ground for further attacks so they are complicated issues will have to wait and see what comes out of that the certainly there is some kind of optimism that people in afghanistan are also looking at this with some kind of hope it's not just seventeen years since the u.s. launched their invasion of afghanistan but it's been forty years of conflict people are desperate for some peace and security but of course they are questioning whether the taliban can be trusted. so much of the people. feel about this process currently underway here's our correspondent who's there in kabul this. people here to mistake they really want to see some type of deal come to

fruition they want to see progress in doha this week but the biggest concern is what is on the table what is being discussed and at what cost will pace come. it's two thousand kilometers away into how these talks they don't feel like they really have a voice and on the negotiating table is the taliban who many people don't feel like they can trust and the u.s. will not have to deal with the repercussions if they withdraw it will be afghans living under this new world where the taliban is involved in the political level and they also want reassurances that their rights will be protected they want to know that they're getting the taliban of twenty nine taint not the taliban of two thousand and one where women weren't allowed to work with girls weren't allowed to go to school where you have to could be chopped off if you stole something so they want reassurances on that level from the leadership but at this point they're not going to get it because the talks are still on a higher level just between the taliban and the u.s.

the afghan government isn't involved at this point the taliban refuses to negotiate with them talking to the afghan government this morning they said they are reassured that they feel like the u.s. and them are on the same page in the u.s. is representing the interests but they also have concern about one thing in particular and that is a ceasefire is the size expected to be discussed this week in doha and they say that some play something that simply cannot be discussed without their involvement at it as it is the military that would be partaking in a cease fire and they would have to be intimately involved in these discussions. now forces loyal to the libyan warlord her leave the huffed are reported to have killed nineteen people in an attack in the country's southwest it happened in the town of moves look where have to as forces have taken over several all fields well the thirty houses were set on fire farms were destroyed and called stone and after is said to enjoy sudanese militiamen in need. little to control territory let's go

live now to the libyan capital tripoli and speak to our correspondent there would up to what would say how far does this take general haftar and his ambition to control more territory in the country. well. if we speak first about the southern town of murders it is very strategic it's so important for have to because first of all it's the heart of the majority of the bullfighters in the south of the country as you know the majority of the tibble fighters martín in the south of the country are opposing the warlord honey for hefted first of all second of all it's a very strategic because of its location as you know mosaic on the map is the can connecting link between civil towns and us in the south of the country and also a connecting link between libya and chad amnesia or end their southern border this is also besides it's it's very close to

a lot feel or oil field in the south and geographically speaking. is. the area generally in medicine has a lot of oil and ground war thought it is over so this is first of all second of all the terrible fighters are the enemies of our legislature. which are the majority of that have to his forces in the south as as you know. have to his forces are accused of committing atrocities in milicic including killing civilians and burdening get tens of civilian houses including a house of a parliament member who spoke yesterday on the disease and admitted that have to force he actually accused have to his forces of burning his houses in the southern town of mercy multi all right. thank you. so to

come here at al-jazeera the right to pray in palestinian territories and the threat by israeli occupation. and from. what to do with hundreds of young people you joined i saw whether they should face justice what have the story of one fighter and two family. and i know that for most of us across the southeastern parts of asia there is plenty of fine weather to be found at the moment the philippines of the world dry as we are across many parts of vietnam through cambodia and into parts of thailand as well time could just see one or two showers though at times as we had three chews day and wednesday but most of the wet weather will be further south for some of us since the march for a light to catch one of the rather lively downpours as we are over borneo as well

a bit further towards the south and the showers that we've got over australia are just drifting their way a bit further south now through parts of queens and down into new south wales and also thunder and lightning on this not a great deal of wet weather and i think we're going to see more of the same as we head through the next few days most of the nato injuring the day elsewhere though largely fine and dry and for some of us in the west getting pretty hot again say thirty three in perth there as we had three cheese day wednesday down to thirty one but the heat spreading east so force in adelaide will be up at thirty seven so quite hot sticky day for us over towards new zealand fine and dry for most of us here twenty two a maximum should be some good spells of sunshine here it should also be falling force in christchurch the fine weather continues as we head through the day on wednesday maybe a bit more clouds for the south and in there but further north that's where all the messy weather is and here they could be some very heavy downpours indeed.