it turns left almost a century ago but humans lived there once and they could live there again at least theoretically. what does the u.k. want with all this water. what do you mean by opening a piece of the ocean. the idea of the ocean has changed over time. world moves from the players to show how goods and their cult talk of his mum saw the world and what they flew into an ocean is very much sure what was important to them and most of. the 41492 before columbus's journey to the americas the ocean as a broad portion of the world's surface as a as

a major space that figured into our sense of the globe really wasn't there in the middle ages the world was thought to be a single large landmass a veritable mega continent without ocean. so the ocean really plays no role at all except to show a limit the ocean shows the limit of society and shows the limits of actually of god's kingdom of the kingdom on earth out to the east beyond the ocean clay eden lay that the promised land lay heaven beyond that there was really nothing baptist . for most of human history the oceans were projection screens for the imagination unexplored and irrepressible love a mighty barrier the place of terror. despite its dangers the ocean became more and more important over the so. jurys. as

global trade developed merchant fleet is transformed the oceans into vast shipping lanes people from past centuries would never have dreamed of laying claim to the ocean for them it was a blue expanse formed with dangers and obstacles that needed to be overcome a sailor's journey to foreign lands. of course the 2 dimensional that is ironic because the ocean is so material a 3 dimensional you know we you step into the ocean you sink. yet in the 19th and 20th centuries something happened that changed our idea of the ocean for africa the seabed became a place of exploration in 858 as the transatlantic cape was being late engineers noticed variation in the oceans to. be evidence of undersea mountains

the 1st scientific study of the ocean floor was undertaken by the german survey vessel meteo in 1925 scientists today like can be expedition to columbus's 1st voyage which began the exploration of a towering incognita a previously unknown land over the next few decades a picture of the undersea cosmos gradually emerged. suddenly we've kind of developed this new awareness of the seabed of the underneath of course this itself is also kind of a fantasized idealisation of the ocean because you're imagining that you can see through the water column the water is missing from here the fish are missing suddenly the topography of the seabed is quite literally brought to the surface. of the discovery of the seabed radically changed our idea of the ocean the ocean was no longer just water it was 1st and foremost a land mass

a vast expanse that belongs to no one but that could perhaps be seen just. this man had a groundbreaking idea. the president of the united states harry else truman a man whose influence or reaching of any other man on earth. how he truman asserted his country's influence with nothing claiming this ocean was a territory to retreat under water that could be annexed just. part of the united states. enormous quantities of oil be found in the gulf of mexico but the oil lay beyond the 3 miles island in which coastal states could exercise their song rights truman wanted more he wanted new term story for the night it states the superpower needed more more oil urgently oil reserves on the mainland no longer sufficed.

our dependence on these minerals and raw materials is so bread and our supply so uncertain that we are moving as rapidly as we can and by every means that ingenuity and divide to expand facilities to step up production find new sources develop substitutes and bring in increased supplies from foreign sources. after to 2nd world war in $1045.00 then us president truman issued a proclamation. declaring that the natural resources in the. seabed and subsoil belong to the united states of america. in convincing the world that the american president not only had no will but also

the right to incorporate undersea territory truman used an argument that built on a recent discovery some areas of the seabed oceanic others a continental. the us had to have this kind of basis of a jew logical link between its land mass and the land mass submerge and lead to its territory. andy an idea of the geological continental shelf is the basis which the u.s. saw as. the legal basis is well they had to finally end the bases that they found most convincing most of course science. but the. world.

as we get c.n.n. not. by ever there should be. 15 year olds like this name yes. we do our business in the us we are by. the arguments that the continent continues on made up the core of truman's justification this was the more convincing because the historical events the legitimacy of this theory which by far into history. simply. do if keep this. time in. terms. of the korean talent left by medion minimum. will fit your cat is a geophysicist at the alfred vega institute in play my husband alfred vega noticed

that the coastlines of north and south america seems to fit together with those of you up and africa like pieces of a possible. was indeed carnegie lookee in the floor on fall on one of the dark was dusty comment i'm up to some. pianist. in the record scientists today believe there was once a super consonant that at some point began to drift apart in the early 20th century this idea seemed completely preposterous. this being water sanitary. vs just. spin up could turn. out adama's got kind of supervise and. this is on the continent on them in the atmosphere to nothing we only outs work invented as africa the american doctors and

indian land mass and the fungus. and disease to cure the present. indian see it's here. to cost us as the con invite not. back these are but i hear that's where the quote entire. went on he has only planted delegates as a. these are spitzer were these are up or kinder. deemed. to form yet on this have to be done article sausan of the feel of whom. you know gospel. they did this submerged land mass is really a prolongation of your land territory you know it's who can argue that this would not be partly right territory. the people became aware of

large quantities of oil and gas in the ocean floor the more coastal states tried to claim it for themselves they called for an international law based on the geological definition of a continental shelf yet many states resisted the earth's history has not favored each country equally to brushless learned how to answer biden chaired by nancy mind us as we both fear not meet our plight for. africa. particularly made up artist doesn't. want importing context or picturesque lunde. to balance out the geological differences that emerged over hundreds of millions of years the nations of the world abandoned the geological definition of a continental shelf in favor of a legal definition that applies to all coastal states uniformly the godless of its undersea geology every country has granted a continental shelf extending 200 nautical miles around to see its exclusive

economic zone. so these did idea of these 200 as a magic number became acceptable to many states at the conference but the broad margin states did not accept this because of course they were as far as they're concerned they would come out as a loser and it's not just the us and it also other states such as canada russia is also one of those states so they were not willing to give this up. ultimately states with a wide continental shelf prevailed cool's with momentous consequences was quietly appended to the law of the sea convention the clause in question is article $76.00 it says that the state can lay claim to his geological continental shelf in addition to his legal continental shelf provided in the state can supply data

demonstrating the shelves outer limits within 10 years. the time limit triggered a veritable wound on the world's oceans and the largest land allocation in world history. for the 1st time in the history of humanity a land grab occurred based not only more on traditional forms of power but rather on geological findings. as scientists have a special role in the k. . the ocean because the physical difference isn't as obvious it's not as experienced if you're on an island detention no you're on an island you can experience where land meets water i have no idea where the seabed ends you know where the continental shelf fans and you know nobody does from every day observation.

so i would like to explain now how actually article $76.00 of the conventional actually works and it's all about natural. laws so we have a lot actually the lab continues under water or something like this everything is decided by the point where the continental gradient off at the foot of the continental slope this spot is used to calculate the shelves outer limits the state can choose between 2 formulas it can extend its borders 60 nautical miles or 180 kilometers from this point seawards tran be more advantageous however to use the sediment thickness will because the settlements on the mainland the state has a territorial claim to this part of the sea bed the thicker the layer of sediment

the better according to the thickness of all the continental shelf extends until the point where the thickness of sediment amounts to one percent of the distance from the foot of the slope. because no one on the chests understands geological data only thing can determine how far the state some whites extend over the ocean hence a commission of x. that was found in new york with the global community recognize the stakes and pass something in borders iraq one knows. 0 non-si beside thousands by mc leave the. room or am commission on zip limits of the continental shelf as pows idiotic and zap it is as is g.'s e instead to join you bob peeped then join sed head busy sure feel if we

had each really involved. would be. call him help bill to this commission yes now he is among its fiercest critics. g. home endeavor publish your own. one know that paper up front then see a clear my spot. yeah its bad when for. that hour i mocked our dinner tonight in present law. the $21.00 geologist of the continental shelf commission was building d.c. to the united nations plaza filming it is full. of the members may speak to the public in spite of precisely because of the fact that their decisions can change

maritime nations. easily. put their spin on our confidentiality the. best i have seen de. mint. oh because you've run heavy loads that joe and day it down to the dat even east zhan why this house and i enter into. plate of confidentiality font i'm not crazy but does ice sheets rise in the you know house. on counting the cost this week south africa's debt laden companies need a bailout before they cripple the economy will take a look at taylor swifts with big business over cooling music plus we find out why radio because i'm looking for a walk in the open

a rock. concert the cost on al-jazeera. to face songs continue. and the last 20 to an acrostic presidential candidates take to the stage for the 2nd us democratic to paint. join us in a conference from detroit under 19 and 25 on al-jazeera. our war on terror begins with but it does not in there no terrorist state poses a greater or more immediate threat than the regime of saddam hussein and this is are seen that have something to hide they have prepared a significant propaganda office and guess what not one w m d shite was found in iraq since 1991 iraq a deadly deception on al-jazeera. al-jazeera

where every. holiday are interesting in london with the top stories on al-jazeera more than 100 civilians have been killed in syria in the past 10 days including 27 children they are increasingly becoming the victims of a government and russian assault on a plate 33 children have died in the rebel help province this month that's more than all of 2018 more than 400000 people have been displaced from the region the un's human rights chief says those targeting civilians should be charged with war

crimes. libya's coast guard says it's recovered the bodies of dozens of refugees and migrants who died in what the u.n. has described as the worst mediterranean tragedy they see here as many as 350 migrants were on board the boats that capsized off the town of homs east of tripoli on thursday around $120.00 people including women and children all missing and feared dead the secretary general is deeply saddened by the news that some one $150.00 refugees and migrants lost their lives after the boats they were in capsized off the coast of libya on the 25th of july children and pregnant women are among the missing is also concerned by reports that many of the survivors rescued by the libyan coast guard were placed in that that you are a migrant detention center which is close to a military facility and was hit by an airstrike on the 2nd of july that resulted in more than 50 deaths. the secretary general reiterated that libya is not

a safe country of asylum and that refugees must be treated with dignity and respect and in accordance with international law north korea's economy shrank in 2018 for the 2nd straight year as it was battered by sanctions and droughts the contraction of 4 point one percent is the worst in more than 2 decades according to figures compiled by south korea's central bank that all the north's international trade was almost cut in half last year a sanctions reduced exports by close to 90 percent and the hot air that slashed temperature records in europe this week appears to be moving towards greenland where it could cause record levels of melting this month alone it's already lost $160000000000.00 tons of ice through surface melting climate change has been linked to the increase in ice loss which could cause sea levels to rise even further and those are the his headlines here on al-jazeera ocean's monopoly continues next i'm back in half an hour.

thank. you. hank. we. thank. hank.

but. there is a commission of ex-pats was founded in new york with the global community recognizes states and suffering borders as pows who do you got there and zara is s d z institute joined bob peeped. for the 1st time in the history of humanity a land grab occurred based not only more on traditional forms of power but rather on geological findings. of the experts who tipped the scales in loring's about maritime territories a notoriously unforthcoming one members agreed to speak about the commission on the condition the team meters not in new york but in which city in fromm's. personally i always felt that we could do an effort to actually be more transparent

and to communicate more. to me. so my name is walter roost i'm a marine physicist look at it from air france and i'm a member of the u.n. commission on the limits of the continental shelf. well the 1st thing i should say is that you know the work of the commission yes it's true it's quite. 3 that very confidential fashion and the main reason behind that from the beginning while the 2 reasons one is that we're dealing with sovereign rights of states secondly many of the states submit data that are actually confidential data derives from petroleum industry differences so in those data they have to be treated with a very high level of confidentiality there are powerful interests behind the

state's petitions seabeds data have enormous economic significance this information contains important clues for where natural resources might be located ready industries and states are not inclined to share this information which can be worth billions i think what we did what i could say is that as members of the commission i think we consider ourselves really scientific and technical experts but we also. cautions of the fact that our recommendations or decisions that we make have huge impact both politically economically. and so on so is it possible to distinguish those 2. for geologists in the commission to have the job of evaluating continental shelf data submitted by countries officially the commission only makes recommendations but since their

conclusions are not cooperated by anyone else they have de facto or pfoa t. to decide which nations get which territories. 5 nations that border the arctic ocean are in a bid to extend their software in wyatt's in the direction of the north pole denmark trying to tell us norway and russia each wants as much territories possible the area is best. managing to contain 10 percent of the world's oil was. due to fire who. me and sushi. if. for. us we're doing is he's hince

has put down. russians. who. understood to take advantage of the new. in 2002 he was one of the 1st countries to submit a claim to the continental shelf commission the russians asserting to no less than the entire essential arctic an area of $1500000.00 square kilometers including the north pole coal hinz was known as the man who shot down blushes claim on account of insufficient scientific evidence employed a trick that many states are using to push through their claims even after they reject it. as i did. in this country and. this is id for boat.

or be also este. ron. i'm a fresh one of. those . missions. in the race to control the world's oceans data is key if a claim is what nations can have with such as collect information this effectively allows countries to circumvent the commission's 10 year deadline governments can submit new reports until their claims who approved each additional geological submission brings with it a fresh womb for interpretation the name of the game is if you want to have the best answer for your time boundaries and. nor the best answer for your extended continental shelf you go out and collect the best modern day data possible to go in

use for your final application for law the seed to ensure that the answer is the best that it can be. russia has since submitted it refines to data to the continental shelf commission but canada and denmark want to know phone. how can other countries with the same scientific arguments claim the same territory . is an ocean and water is a continent it is a question of just speak to the commission evaluates the scientific data and makes a decision if the for or against a state's claim once a claim is approved it is binding and cannot be with 1st.

i don't know i mean we have no. if we replace all members of the commission that the cleeve we have 21 new members and we would give them the same case it would be get the same result can be quite certain we will not get exactly the same result so i. i don't believe that the commission can be a 100 percent right because 100 percent right does not exist in natural sciences we're talking about in the preaching based all relatively sparse data. the commission is a coupe of textbooks selected by the cello to save the united nations of the $21.00 members on the commission 19 come from countries that of others like the territorial expansion to national interests playing decisions of its members what is suits against the recommendations and tested.

that's usually lose out and the fans turn so good. i've tried on top line is that the worked out charm in every age i had my. back on for the acquittal yet i'm glad it's over the problem is your nobody. wiking son well there were 2 candidates to make. and all i can say is that john mccain won so we end up thinking. michael loved puts the international seabed to. say it is a type of executive council of the ocean floor they supervise one of the states on able to get their hands on with continental shelf claims the i.s.a.'s official is

that the deep sea is the common heritage of mankind they believe that the ocean belongs to everyone the common heritage concept includes. a number of basic ideas the 1st idea is that. it's an area over which no single state can claim sovereignty and it has to be administered for the benefit of all mankind. the seabed all 14 years the tosca distributing which is that are not in the sovereign areas of national states if a country or a company makes a profit from mining minerals the i as a ensures that poor countries and countries without coastal borders receive a share. when founding the i s a states agreed to make environmental regulations as strict as possible for the deep sea mining in the

international waters because no one knows its effect on the merits of the ecosystem . so they say has no standing in the continental shelf commission it's not an observer to the commission it has no right to object to a recommendation of the commission the commission's recommendations go only to the coastal state that is making the submission and not to anybody else. the compass ever 360000000 square kilometers. of the earth's surface. over 40 percent of this area has been assigned to legal continental shelves. claims on expanded

continental shelves make up another 10 percent of the ocean. it is now projected that around 57 percent of the oceans will eventually be under the control of the coastal states. in the year 2000 and that's the latest set of figures that we have the international seabed authority which is based in jamaica they came up with an estimate as they saw that governments were starting to work through this more recent component for a lot of the sea for the extended continental shelf they have a figure just just below $12000.00 us trillion dollars is the in-situ estimate of seabed resources in the expanded continental shelves. estimates about the quantity of natural resources buried in the seabed are highly speculative but if the figure of $12000.00 trillion us dollars is right

it would be enough to every person on earth a check for one and a half $1000000.00. for this is one of the country's leading the charge to claim a piece of the pie. nothing has a leg over many other states at colonial past. worries so. please leave. blues. in a realm of more don't you like say are they flee she. do or do. not want to feel at least one of. these it look at least on the feel of the are all. well out. of the thanks to its colonial past france administers

islands in almost every ocean of the world now it stands to gain substantial maritime territory in which. currently france just 11 claims pending at the continental shelf commission. says it is on t.v. . it is. says is. definitely. the.

france has claimed territories amounting to some 12000000 square kilometers around 20 times the size of continental farms if claims. it will become the world's 2nd largest maritime nation its sovereign wide stretching over an area of the ocean almost as large as the entire arctic less yasith also there. are a little him all this limo and bulldog. thus a good. deal they could do just remodel a bit among all because they do security doing it don't drive or. duplicate some of the predict not pass up class.

which is going to. be not a are they just city despite your. clearly. that you're. not that or last disease do put in his shell see day go off or send decision tio. that stood up at an os that there's the down to the ball saunders going to. that want shell see. force here needs. something for. the sort of. want their machine are better may i mean. don't walk away she's got to do some unity bus will shut either

the boat different base support for sunni shock even. when a boarding is you also where you need to fall says not best. served up with the 4 sets up off. my lens would present a crucial trump card in the battle to control the world's oceans it's all about geometry because islands are surrounded by water there's software interest for you extends around in a circle even if an island were just a small block it's maraton so it would be larger than germany.

if a group of islands forms and i'll keep a common base line around the entire cluster violence is used to calculate the maritime territory. this man is japan's hope in the race to claim the won't oceans he cracks the genetic code of a life form the could help japan i'd say 400000 square kilometers to its territory . is a geoscientist in the university of tokyo he specializes in cold. isms that display characteristics of both animals and plants. going to the mall all of them up and it's a good thought that it. was ill step that we all. yet kayani has delved further into their biology into the secret of their reproduction

and found a method for breeding them on a large scale. aussies on the go to the mall. at the bottom of it it's again taken out of the often this is a car the argument about other unions. mass produced coles $60000.00 tiny coal babies are being artificially poor at a farm on a small island off the coast of okinawa but for want current has. been looking to troll wish him a is located 1700 kilometers south of tokyo it is a small cold battle during high tide he clears the surface by a mere centimeters japan regards it as an island but the existence of

a q notorious under threat it. takes journey and i see him in ga and he just said. yourself that they are the mascot of the mall is one of the. but we will system out there so you kenya get us bucks japan has decided that kinda true or you must not foundation it's maritime area which presents a massive territorial expansion bringing with it so when whites over fish and other natural resources. there. and so you begin to hide that. nothings. in. all. this

territory lost if the lawyer disappears. coals being used to save the at old thousands of them have been shipped to a canoe toria to preserve that we've been making those launches possible a pilot project on an island taiwan is studying what might one day look like things to coles. soon accounted for it could become open wheel island like the pilot project. which consists entirely of cargo. tranch whistles fulness is not being welcomed by everyone however it's you maritime claims of tensions with his powerful neighbor china which is still a face currently involved in island territory disputes with a whole lot of countries. as states attempts to

extend their maritime zones as far as possible many international conflicts have arisen. require. in the south china sea 8 countries a fight scene photo liz says value to $100000000000.00 is. there is no part of the world that is safer than others in other words with 53 percent of all maritime boundaries within the ease that. we're seeing conflicts raising up to. driven predominantly by resource development for the off shore typically will end up having a coastal frontage area that looks like this and let's say that we have a land boundary we're country a is sitting here and country b. is sitting here back in the seventy's when we were moving from oil and gas

exploration on land to the marine area they may have negotiated the provisional boundary that sort of allowed them for country a to issue offshore oil and gas blocks and country b. and let's say in a so in a more recent scenario an extremely large discovery is made and let's say in the neighboring country country b. then all of a sudden size we'd like to have some of that so they are starting to propose new boundaries as this initial line was not even a modern day accepted boundary line. have become contestants territories the well. everyone wants a piece of the design new boundaries of being tooling for to find peace which is powerful industries only move in the deep sea no one can predict the consequences of this industrialization of the wilds pollutions. they are the

consequences of a whiff aleutian that began years ago and has mostly gone unnoticed the ocean is being defined you don't like and. you also have to realize that the oceans are future so we need to have some way of. deciding who is responsible for walked and where and when. so. at this point in time this is maybe not the ideal solution but this is the solution that was created with the convention. the world's oceans more than its continents build with a cohesive ecological system a sensitive continues in which what happens to one can affect the office. it is now up to the world's nations whether it would take responsibility for the new quiet maritime territories

2. hello the weather continues to be. sections of australia the cloud give you an idea where the rain is likely to be as well and in fact what we will be saying through the weekend is a reduction of time as a few in sydney some for a gone and those consecutive days of $21.00 degrees 19 is the best you'll see probably on saturday cloudy skies no real sign of any rain and then out towards the

southwest into perth about 18 degrees on saturday and again no real showers in the forecast but quite a mix of cloud of the next couple days. sunday 17 degrees and pretty much day the average in melbourne with the same but a little bit above in a with a high that all the 17 degrees celsius and then into new zealand on a weekend i had that is some rain around but it should stay just about social quite a cloudy few hours into the north and all. day 15 degrees with a mix of cloud and sunshine sinister waiting and you see on sunday that is some rain but it really should say just to the west so you should be dry at 12 degrees and a similar 15 degree celsius in oakland than up towards the north east of asia into japan we will be seeing an increase in the rain and this is actually all tied in with the system now heading in that generation so what we can with a high of 30 celsius in tokyo.

good. al-jazeera. everyone i've noticed a bar and welcome to this news hour live from london coming up in the next 60 minutes young lives course in the crossfire human rights groups say more children were killed in serious offensive in italy this month that in all of 2018.

international sanctions forced north korea's economy into its worst contraction him over 2 decades. the u.s. and guatemala signed an agreement to restrict asylum applications just days after donald trump threatened to impose tariffs on the central american country. and concerns of a severe ice melt in greenland as europe's record breaking heat wave moves north. in sport colombian eagan burnell takes the lead in the tour de france as a freak hail storm forces organizers to a problem than friday stage 30 kilometers from the finish. to the un's human rights chief has condemned what she calls international indifference to the rising death toll in syria's rebel held it led province michelle battle a says those targeting civilians should be charged with war crimes

this is human rights groups warn more children have been killed in a dalit this month but in all of 2018 in the past 10 days have been particularly violence during that time the united nations says at least 104 civilians have been killed in a strikes of those deaths $27.00 which children if you had blames the syrian government and its russian allies schools hospitals markets and businesses have been hates the u.n. says with the frequency off the attacks it's unlikely they were struck by accident it's estimated that 400000 civilians syrians were displaced in the past 3 months was a horror has more now and a warning viewers may find some images in her report disturbing. they are images that have shocked many a tragedies like this are happening nearly every day in northwest syria where the government's assault is in its 3rd fox. was

a loved on law desperately trying to save his daughters as they dangled from the edge of a building destroyed in a syrian or russian airstrike on the 5 year old we have held onto our 3 year old sister grow one for as long as she could. but then they fell to the ground i died. well when struggled for life but later passed away in hospital. the high number of people killed and injured here particularly children reflects the scale of the humanitarian situation war monitor say there have been at least 800 civilian deaths 200 of them children since the russian backed syrian government offensive began in april in the past months at least 33 children were killed according to save the children that's more than in the whole of 2018. they only problem and most of all the places they live in that are being hit marketplaces hospitals like the facility is schools no one and nothing is the thing more and.

these scenes have become all too familiar and rescue workers at times dig for hours to find survivors and remove the dead civilian infrastructure schools hospitals. and health facilities are protected under international humanitarian law they're meant to be spared and yet they're being impacted more than anything else so there has to be outrage. the latest offensive is no different from previous ones during the 8 year war they are carried out with impunity and little accountability . the pope sent a letter to syria's president bashar assad asking him to protect the lives of civilians the european union says attacks on critical civilian infrastructure must stop the united states and the u.k. renewed calls for a cease fire an adlib but the international community statements have not been backed with action. the bombardment hasn't stopped it's intensifying the

u.n. describes what is unfolding in islam as a worsening nightmare for the civilians they are not players in this conflict but international humanitarian rights organizations say they are being targeted. istanbul. report colleville is the spokesman for the united nations high commissioner for human rights he says syrian government s trikes are relentless and indiscriminate where we're definitely seeing a military escalation in general but particularly from the government forces and their allies over the past 3 months or so and just in the past 2 weeks i would say it's escalated even further with daily attacks and multiple attacks daily i mean over and above what we were talking about this morning we were hearing of more asterix last night and some early today as well so it's ongoing it's relentless and the people suffering most of all i'm not the fighters on either side it's the

civilians who are caught between them that mean just in the past 10 days alone we know of 10 different locations that have been hit by a strike some of them. more than once several times over 10 places where they've been civilian casualties have been other strikes where they've been haven't been casualties these tend strikes are along a 2 main routes the m 4 the m 5 in lip and there are essentially civilian areas the civilians really have nowhere to go and bombs are falling in market squares in bakeries and so on all the wider issue of children in the wells complex zones is the subject of an important new reports at the united nations for now that report is only being given to the 15 member states of the u.n. security council however al jazeera has exclusively obtained a copy and all diplomatic editor james bass has been reading it james what's in it . well this is the children in armed conflict report always very grim reading

this covers the events of 2018 in recent years this is become a political hot potato as you can imagine countries do not want to be mentioned in this reporter's countries that are responsible for killing or injuring children and in recent years a lot of the focus has been on israel and on saudi arabia and i think when you look at those 2 countries in this report you then have to question whether there has been political pressure up behind the scenes because the report says that the highest number of palestinian children 59 died in 2018 that's the highest for 5 years killed by israeli forces and yet when you get to the end of the report which is the really damning bit the bit where there is a blacklist then you find the israeli military is not listed among all the other governments and groups responsible for killing and injuring children when it comes

to the situation of the saudi led coalition in yemen they are listed but under a part b. in an expedient of the list which says listed parties that have put in place measures during the reporting period ended improving the protection of children this will be the 3rd time that the saudi led coalition has been put in this 2nd list the list that says yes they're killing children but they're doing things trying not to kill children and you do wonder whether you can keep putting the saudi led coalition in that list if they are still responsible for the deaths of children in yemen for the secretary general who is mandated by the security council to produce this report it can't just not produce it they say they want it every single year this is a very difficult issue and in the past certainly saudi arabia at one point threatened to pull all its funding from the united nations so once again we have i

think political controversy surrounding this very important list of children dying all over the world james at the u.n. thank you. libya's coast guard says it's recovered the bodies of dozens of refugees and migrants who died in what the u.n. has described as the worst mediterranean tragedy they see here as many as 350 my currents were on board the boats that capsized off the town of homs east of tripoli on thursday about $145.00 of them were rescued by the libyan coast guards around $120.00 others including women and children are missing and feared dead well the u.n. is also calling for immediate changes in the way the port has a troll and the secretary general is deeply saddened by the news that some 150 refugees and migrants lost their lives after the boats they were in capsized off the coast of libya on the 25th of july children and pregnant women are among the missing is also concerned by reports that many of the survivors rescued by the

libyan coast guard were placed in that the juror migrant detention center which is close to a military facility and was hit by an airstrike on the 2nd of july that resulted in more than 50 deaths the secretary general reiterates that libya is not a safe country of asylum and that refugees must be treated with dignity and respect and in accordance with international law. and coming up on this news from london a dire warning about the world's largest rain forest experts say brazil's amazon is being cleared so fast it may never recover. thousands of south african gold miners who contract a potentially fatal lung diseases are awarded $350000000.00 in compensation. and in sports how refugees from afghanistan to helping to create the sport of cricket in sweden.

but 1st north korea's economy shrank in 2018 for the 2nd straight year as it was battered by sanctions and drought it is the worst contraction in more than 2 decades according to figures compiled by south korea's central bank the sanctions were meant to stop north korea's nuclear program but on thursday pyongyang tested a new ballistic missile saying it was a warning to south korea well mcbride reports from seoul. the figures provide the stark is devore dense yet of how sanctions against north korea are hurting it economically last year the economy contract did by 4 point one percent that's on top of a 3 and a half percent contraction the year before at the height of the nuclear and missile testing crisis when the tougher sanctions were introduced compare that with 2016 when the north korean economy grew at nearly 4 percent better even than south korea

in the same year figures released earlier this month in seoul also show how sanctions have cut north korea's trade with its neighbors by nearly half with a staggering 86 percent drop in exports especially affected has been its mining sector with a complete ban on one of its biggest exports coal it shows the extent to which kim jong un stated ambition to develop his country's economy rather than the military is being frustrated but state run media is reporting that thursday's launch was overseen personally by kim and that the missiles were a new type of guided weapon much harder for anti missile systems to detect and intercept the north said.