recent caffie remember the disease. so far i think there will. be more on that. because it would have. been. told that 3 key and no more american but i don't. have a home. because by 1914 you could really say that for those arabs who are engaged in identity politics what they aspired to was a better deal for the arabs within the ottoman empire. this brand of politics is known as arab ism and arab ist were really thinking in terms of imitating the austria-hungary empire with a kind of arab turkish dual monarchy and the ottoman empire but were very concerned not to exit the audubon umbrella for fear that where the arabs edited make

a bid for independence they would be immediately at risk of european. the ottomans suffered a major defeat in 1000 advance of the priests' serbia and montenegro in the 1st balkan war. lost the. territory. but the defeat did initially ease the relationship between the arabs of the ottoman empire and the young turks governments. for. the. well. i like what it. meant. when. i'm asked. how it was that the what the rethought. for it i mean what are you. i the thought that we should be.

the 1st world war started at the end of july 19th 14. britain france and russia the central scholars in germany austria-hungary and bulgaria. shortly after the autumn and opted to supports germany. the daughter of a man you think i know well and who work. so fast it is generally a final thought on what else when i came i says the kind of home. that will start for the month of them by about an f one how to see eye to eye on lot of interest money it's not a fairy tale. that our little did the. national heart of.

political. who are you starlet i look at remove. my knee mean. to be a highly. mean mean. politically and he really thought that i were legit didn't. i must be really really really brilliant or so you're going to talk doggy into luckily my mother took. me in so they learned by her the libyan government also they were all part of. the roof doleman had the head of a says he cannot afford it and we had definite well. well what he had there that you know let me up

and method a low ball get it to read woman who wore it can i bring the most forward with deaf moved down the hall and we had deaf. in february 915 frustrated by the stagnating war in europe the british open to an eastern front against the ottomans on the dardanelles strait they imagined the ottoman army as weak and easier to defeat as the way of taking on germany and ending the war. russia however was more concerned about its use of ottoman waterways so the russians asked britain and france to sign an agreement to guarantee their own share of the spoils after the war. the russians were keen to seize more as cultural capital as a sort of restoration of orthodox christianity after. 5 centuries of all of the

rule and so with the outbreak of the 1st world war on the eve of the could literally invasion the russians wanted to secure their allies commitment to granting istanbul and the straits to the russian empire and this becomes an exchange of documents known as the constantinople agreement concluded between march and april 1918. britain france and russia entered into the constantinople agreement which granted the russians certain ottoman territories and waterways. however this agreement peeved the way for another secret deal as london and paris started to plot exactly what they wanted from a region that was gaining strategic significance in the coming age of oil. you could really say that britain and to the war without any clear territorial

ambitions in their territory they could not at the stage of the constantinople agreement identify one place that they wish to add to their empire but they reserve the right to do so as soon as they worked out what their priorities were and so in a sense the constantinople agreement really is the 1st of the wartime partition agreements that will begin to shape the way in which the arab provinces will be carved up primarily between britain and france since russia's interest lay mostly in turkish territories so very british fashion the british created a committee called the debunks and committee and its remit was to look into. the sort of the options for britain so that when the time for negotiations with the french came up the british would be well prepared know what they wanted and this is actually something that the british did throughout the war and right to the end of the war. so in april 1915 the british set up

a committee headed by the diplomats morris' the bunsen to define their interests in the ottoman territories it's made certain assumptions about what its ally france would expect from any potential deal. russian i mean a few who. are there to prod said if you are very good walk and if it is you you really do there and live front. man a sort of cobra in the front so you can be a call on it right now i will suddenly be in the most. and the thought that if you have a month of not with you probably have your month what have your month britain's interests are most likely to be in completing its in period of the persian gulf by securing the territories of the province the bus route baghdad link as they were to persian oil fields and other done island in the shot that are up. nicely completing dominion that stretched right around the earth coastline of the persian gulf which

it would take since $920.00 s. . good morning general are doing all that so do you want some time to settle. and it's the youngest. and most carefree man was mark sykes who was kitchener's military assistant kitchener was the secretary of state for war and he delegated the job of sitting on the committee sykes mark sykes had been born into a wealthy family in yorkshire in the north of england in 879. he studied at cambridge university and was elected as a conservative member of parliament. in 1011. he like to give the impression of being an expert on the middle east based on his travels in the region but he was not quite the authority as it was sometimes assumed. he presented the bunsen

committee with his vision of a new near east region his riches and this will be our use i come up himself with a different plan which is something completely different a much more old fashioned that was to create a quarter of across the middle east so he was planning to divide the middle east between france and britain. and create a belt of english controlled country that stretched across from the mediterranean coast to the mountains on the iranian from and back to the century as a as a affront to britain could control and keep other people away from the red sea and the persian gulf. that was rejected by the defense i wish the older wiser heads said you know that why work your. way into line 1915 the debunks in committee recommended dividing the ottoman empire into several provinces over which

britain would seek influence rather than exercise direct control. but when sykes was sent to the middle east and india he began to revert to his original idea of a british cordon from the mediterranean to iraq. so so mark from your knowledge of the air out of the question. where would you say that a legion slot was between us and the french. practically all arabs approach not exactly anti french but. frightened of financial exploitation and they are frightened of french colonial methods. but there are many christians in syria in the lead and in particular how do they feel that christians are as afraid at the bottom of their hearts as the muslims and only in syria and feeling sarah's present everywhere because they know what the french do that feeling pretty well runs all

through. there is the french nationalist party which is sentimental still harking back to the crusades. so science returned and as the currents of the started to come together he was called into downing street at the end of the year on the 16th of december 1958. then. he must of gone with a map as well because he got into them the meeting with the cabinet the prime minister and his chief ministers sitting around the cabinet table in downing street i believe they fear an arab kind of that. which is an independent stage a common language the arabs of tunis algeria and morocco in regional cause they control entirely the french nationalists believe that if the allies when they want syria palestine and north mesopotamia likes appeared to be someone who is very knowledgeable and in fact in that cabinet meeting that he went to in december 1950

in. it or that the result of the cabinet meeting was that one of the cabinet ministers he was there believe that he could speak arabic and turkish but in fact he could speak neither language so he he dotted his speech with arabic phrases that sort of thing to give himself the appearance of being an expert when in fact he was more of a gifted amateur what do you think we should do some are. i think to counteract the french war aims. we require diplomacy. do you think diplomacy will achieve with the fridge i don't want to make any suggestions except on very general lines. but i feel we ought to settle with france as soon as possible and get a definite understanding about syria sort of arrangement would you like to have with the french would you say to them i'd like to see for ourselves. south of haifa apart from the active jewish. if you haven't just to be very.

good and the who. is. your figure to bark least a fuck off. i mean there were funny. men and with. guns and no. idea of how old men would love to mop up a few months back a few months of chemical it's most important that we should have a bout of english controlled country between the sharif of mecca and the french in syria but would you do so fred i should like to draw a line. in asia. to the last can't good cook and this must all be settled before we can take military action against the turks in syria. we must find out what the french actually in system policy having they do multiple

syria they can't all be merely a military purposes we must make terms with props. which means we must make terms. of the matter. right to. britain has identified the territories of the ottoman empire it's wanted in order to protect its interests in the suez canal and the area provinces. but this clan was dependent on britain and france winning the war which at the start of $1015.00 was almost at a standstill on the western front in europe. the allies decided to open an eastern front against the ottomans. the ill fated gillet police campaign ran between april 19th 15 and january 19th 16th.

when it's finally field the allies including australians and new zealanders suffered a major step. ellis monument commemorates the ottoman victory in which around $80000.00 allied troops were killed. this defeats and skill of police and later includes mystically timeo caused the british to enter into more secret deals over the middle east leg coming up how the british conspired we should be focusing on mcconnell to strike back at the ottomans through an arab revolt. the british adopt the sharifs of mecca as the partners that were essential. in the propaganda war with the ottomans to demonstrate that the muslim world was better off on the allied side that fight with the ottomans let me explain why we must and

psychs. negotiate peace to feasts to get what they both want from the middle east well if we cannot have palestinian my government was suddenly not allowed britain to control my government would take the same view french palestine would be now. but then we need to find another solution. we come to blows. and so. now we can draw on the. most memorable moments of al-jazeera was when i was on air as hosni mubarak fell with the crowds in tahrir square talking. as.

if something happens anywhere in the world al-jazeera is in place we're able to cover news like no other news organizations. were able to do it properly. and that is our strength. i have been looking at what instagram account and reading takes into the apples fall behind the scenes this is a dialogue when donald trump announce his candidacy for president carol after them everyone has a point the best chance the democrats have to beat donald trump is to nominate an exciting inspirational callus mother nominee to join the global conversation in your pockets where an amazing amount is iraq. look i'm. sure you. have some other like.

trust is fundamental to all our relationships we trust banks with our money talk to us without really personal thought what happens to trust in a world driven by. as more and more decisions are made for us by these complex piece of code the question that comes to. can we trust. the 1st of a 5 part series great question when you're trying to of the. trust me i'm an algorithm on a. low i'm maryanne demasi in london with the top stories protest organizers in hong kong say more than 1700000 anti-government demonstrators have rallied through the night people came out despite heavy rain and one of the largest protests since nearly 2000000 people gathered in june at least

a permission for the demonstration but did not authorize a late march demonstrators say they want to show that they are peaceful but determined. i mean the government is blaming the phone as to who it was and now these protests it's actually a. testimonial to show that actually hong kong is a very peaceful we are expressing our views he's not found i mean this is this is what the government wants is what this is what the exam is actually the best time for them to the plot is positively the response of the human. families in afghanistan have been burying the victims of saturday's suicide bomb attack in the capital kabul at least 63 people died and 200 others were injured in the explosion at a wedding hall i still claims to have carried out the attack which targeted afghanistan's shia minority iran is saying it's oil tanker held for 6 weeks off the british

mediterranean territory of gibraltar should be leaving in the next few hours it comes after gibraltar denied a request from the u.s. department of justice to seize the vessel supreme court judge in the british territory ordered the tankers release. meanwhile iran says a plan to create the so-called safe zone along syria's northern border is provocative i'm doris i'm united states and turkey to establish the zone last week to manage tension between turkish forces and kurdish fighters but the move has also been rejected by the syrian government. around $3000.00 people in the bangladeshi capital of dhaka have been left homeless after a large fire swept through a congested slum in the west of the city the blaze took firefighters several hours to extinguish no deaths have been reported. and the president of chad has declared a state of emergency in 2 eastern provinces after 10 days of ethnic violence the order will stay in place for 3 months and they would die and see the provinces at

least 50 people have been killed as farmers a nomadic cattle herders fight over land rights. i'll be back at 2100 g.m.t. with the news hour do join me then later i found. we must retain full control. in the late 1915 early 1960 region both britain and france were exercised by how they might divide up the ailing autumn an empire between them so the allies ultimately win the 1st world war. but when they suffered a serious defeat at belittling britain looked at alternative ways of attacking the ottomans and undermining their support for germany. but now the ottomans on a victory might be able to provoke uprisings in the india and egyptian muslim populations

that so far they've not been able to effect it's at that point different begins to really consider how it might turn the tables on the audience and force them to fight in their own territory against an internal uprising so to address a challenge they turned to that sharif of mecca who had already made overtures to the british about concluding an alliance to secure their position now all of a sudden the british adopt the sharifs of mecca as the partners that were essential . in the propaganda war with the ottomans to demonstrate that the muslim world was better off on the allied side that fight with the ottomans. in 1908 the ottomans had appointed should each postin been highly as the wily the governor of his us the area towards the red sea. he was from the hashemites in his team in mecca of which he was the emir. his sons faisal and op don't know representatives and ottoman parliament but his relationship with istanbul had deteriorated in recent years but

that africa was going to show you get serious about how to either me or i was older and no. of course live if you stumble of some you to many and some you just are here to have a copy what the other thought going on. with many a heavy for. me you know the home of the k.p. you're there on the pier got a committee gave me shareef mccarley you i mean. i love you they're all fickle it. was. what he thought i should offer. home yeah i saw him out of a jazz. and then. me. out of me the don't know as many. li. as many yakkers. do more of the i was many

a how come yeah i guess we should what a crowd what they are all about are they are or whether in their i'd hope i did spend and then her does are referred to as many if it be led. by shifts what you mean her. it here. in dizzy a concert on li. at the ottoman ruler of greater syria pascha executed a group of arabs in damascus and beirut in 19151968 there were accused of being separatists and of supporting the british and french this hard to the determination of the arab nationalists to separate from autumn and rule and to create an independent arab states hussein didn't have any modern ideas of nationalism but he wanted more autonomy under the

ottoman. empire but it's only gradually that he was drawn into what became an arab national movement a full scale revolt against the ottomans and this wasn't an easy decision for the sharif or make to make because the ottomans were fellow muslim. and he was siding with an infidel. against fellow sunni muslims. there had been conversations between the british and the harsh words before the war but in july 915 serif christine wrote to the british high commissioner in cairo sir henry mcmahon. he offered his support to against the ottomans in return for british support for an independent kingdom that would include the provinces in the arab peninsula and be ruled by the

hashemites. service 7 out of a. 3rd of the. muscle over here. but there was a lot of could be a problem how about you see a fella. there would at least as it ought to be clean. to clean it off and blow them off of the upper limit as a seal mccoll when associated there would at the labia tell me that it was a. key is that there were a lot to be absolutely. ill most earth early the other 3 were a source of a similarly to the team a la la plata most but the map but it all year what the limit of the. of the saudi you were a scary few. months of. the correspondence continued and mcmahon wrote to sharif listing on the 24th of october 1915 he said that

britain would not guarantee support for an independent arab kingdom with all the provinces demanded by the hashemites nevertheless the hashemites went ahead with their revolt against the ottomans in july 1916. but many still consider mcmahon's lesser controversial today because of the air. as the british wanted to exclude from any future arab kingdom. and that you. should see. it as only. good akiko should the good of good people selectman will definitely look like will it wouldn't going to undo residency in britain. while barack and sirius walk off is going to be demolished homes will have no house. and you can learn how to be rapid killing.

and it. doesn't mean it is likely then getting money in d.c. became a futile uneasy in districts very moment it clear and the fear doesn't or hasn't you can believe this was an evil mccarran can it get out of it and documents. like that was careful not to promise anything the contravened preexisting treaty arrangements they wish to exclude territories to the west of hong damascus and aleppo and certain areas around the gulf of alexandretta and into the sea and britain was already an occupation of the province a bus ride much of the province of baghdad at this time and so britain was very keen to declare its interest and retaining some degree of control over those territories for the mutual benefit of the arabs of the british and the others boundaries that britain would be willing to accept the hash like claim to arab

kingdom with british support hussein thought that the british promised to include palestine in his kingdom. and the british later denied that they have probably seen palestine they denied outright but. all the every does is that they have probably seen palestine. if that one had beer. with any of us certainly mcmahon let's show you for saying i don't mind the level. of all the thing these miles and so we. filmed the brutal only man in the world living near the area that i dida that mean. yeah you can lot of us are there when iraq while a liberal northern france i mean. significantly in the same month that the british promised parts of greater syria to sharif

distain they told the french that any agreement relating to the borders of an arab kingdom would not be finalized without their consent. they knew how strong the french interest in syria was. on the 1st of october 915 the french ambassador to britain paul campbell wrote to his prime minister really beyond me to tell him that london had requested a french representative to draw the borders of an arab kingdom with syria. in this document the french ambassador suggested hans want george. would manage the general consulate in beirut for over a year and knew the syrian issue better than anyone else. aloft also just because a diplomat sit down diplomat here diplomat kamel is a. 100 years in the game secular debate events some passengers. get off so.

long some of the stuff i mean the dishes. don't miss them. the diplomatic class said it says on the song happy kid also political and yet as yet secret it is something that's kind that you and mom and as yet all you know we are back with a diplomat less seats at the defense a d. plus the bus don't bust you so close good. evening. when the sun cut off. a few weeks ago it was almost sure your very nice to see you again place your skin enjoy warm it's the french representative pico had his 1st meeting with the british in london on the 23rd of november 1915 here to buy food to see you again i believe you know everybody you know they started their negotiations about their respective shares of the ottoman empire once the war was over. british come along with another right of

people from all the different ministries to take an interest the war ministry the foreign office the colonial office. they are sitting on one side of the table and pico is on the other side of the table have us were defined for the 1st but found reason you want government just as we must of course have the whole of syria and palestinian know all of it of course down to the egyptian border but pico you must realize that there are other claims in this area. to pass helps perhaps the best to him and you could form a kind of enclave but certainly no way. to do that. despite the numerical advantage p.k. just sits there with his arms crossed and says i'm not interested in you or your plan it doesn't we we call possibly accept something along the lines that you are

talking about moving further east we must have the land north of this line and across here including most of most of the town not all the video yet the whole area around 20 years ago the belayer took most of included the baghdad ambassador district are you suggesting they should be separated now it's impossible to consider the situation of 20 years ago affecting the situation now so mature pekoe if you have palestine and syria and half iraq and most of all will you be satisfied i think i can persuade my government then we have reached an impasse. the uncompromising positions of both sides at that 1st meeting cause the british army intelligence officer in cairo to write. it is obviously hopeless to attempt to arrive at any reasonable agreement with the french so long as pico is their representative.

not so says the settle comes up on a serious. in a key basket off it has a population as our bus clearly could top on the roof you know it be us over toward advani goes here. or here left. your place on look be cool and united with the nikkei it leaders of moffitt of what was shouted the lable this one that penned the big. he lives like our states because typically also on the bed the big do get it idea of the veto are so markedly to our world larkham also potentially to our aid this year not 13 look after them get it talking exist they part it's about that on fed armondo get them around because the more these ethics is going their bellies into unknown or eat the wrong dissing the elf at least wait till d.p. do. so mark your government has been adopting extreme positions over

a territory which you must recognise france has special claims to but in the meetings i attended no one seemed to give a centimeter and yet considerations i feel a censure decisions have to be made so that we both know where we stand when turkey is conquered as inevitably it will be. mr speaker i feel sure that within these walls we can find a way through the issues and my government has given me the power to make the necessary decisions i too have been given the freedom by my government to make the necessary decisions and you must realize that we have very definite needs in the territory which some of my countrymen consider to be french by rights ever since the crusades do you remember who won the crusades yes but today the ira observes you said i didn't. although these talks were secret the russian had already made

their demands what we must do now that we have agreed the russians can have the northern areas of turkey including the straits is to discuss the southern and eastern areas so that the interests of both nations can be established for the decades that will follow the end of the war or the start then with the provinces of syria that center on damascus and the living. room and their own. the. nearly syria could draw. a desert should they have. to food for one city then or other authority you couldn't before sukkot no foster home where you know who's a good thing for her health or how is it was an adult with money you had. no food.

so you see it's indispensable for the arabs have been in syria to have some direct access to the mediterranean somewhere along the syrian lebanon and the way to total french control that would be impossible but that would mean french positions would be split into between an often a self of syria. simply cannot be allowed to happen the political and military a bit strange would be impossible in such a divided territory. i'm not convinced but. it is nevertheless try to make that object. and my dividing line is here. from acre. a bit of funny you should be. having with all. in either party a big deal. on the one hand. no from stuff you have know how to get heavy. but you know. a. bit of fun you and it's also

a miniature should be sent out. if it was your store configured for a walk. or funny. enough. well a woman of our respect although enough of their starting back to you both i mean it would not be possible to persuade my colleagues to accept a line as far north as that that would exclude coats of all regions like the whole run from a sphere i see but for france to control territory that far south make it very difficult for our plans for a railway line from the coast to baghdad i must insist on this point to mark. and co cook. we could not possibly let you have cooked for my own travels in the air i know that this province contains the only elements of the population which will make it possible to colonize ation of the wreck my dear sykes this is hardly in a spirit of conciliation let me explain why we must have the territory we requested

in northern miss putting your. family on to mock signs people don't believe i suppose it is still a president that is to. eat esteemed kosik though do continue it when he put it down the cliff because to continue a government i must go she goes on and it don't come so awesome that the list doesn't apply he still he can go to his own let alone do mulla descriptive for his own little problems of the put there you have thrown the ball you cannot destroy this well if we cannot have palestina my government was certainly not allow britain to control my government would take the same view french palestine would be an outrage but then we need to find another solution before we come to blows.

and so. now we can draw him out. so when sikes left the cabinet meeting. on 16th of december 950 to go and meet pico he had a problem because he had to reconcile 2 conflicting sets of demands the set of demands that pico was making for syria and lebanon and the other set of demands that sheriff of st had already made and which the british had already effectively accepted for both covering the same territory so he in pico came up with a map that made a distinction between 2 types of land in the middle east land that britain and france would absolutely control which was colored blue for france and red for britain and a hinterland the in

a region which was called area a an area b. where the arabs would have. some war ptolemy but in which each of the big powers the great powers would have the right to advise or influence with the further complication that the territory of what was to become palestine was designated for an international zone where basically russia britain and france are able to agree who could lay greater claim to the holy lands just to further that decision down the road by painting it all proud. in january 1916 the french and british agreed to ignore the borders of any future arab kingdom. their new borders were enshrined in the deal we now know as the psychs pekoe agreements. sikes to his line from acre to

could cook so the south of anatolia eastern turkey the syrian coast and the roots were put under direct french control. basra and baghdad were put under direct british control. and damascus were put under french protection and were called area a. the rest of mesopotamia and the south of greater syria were put under british protection and called area b. . but palestine including jerusalem was designated as an international zone in brown. all those like speaker was never implemented it formed the basis of future negotiations and the post autumn in middle east resembled the areas of influence it created so the map has different colors different letters but ultimately what really matters is the line in the sand that

runs from the coast to the persian from there. it is yes. the national. faith 6 people. while they're not quite hashmi and. don't really need to know the arab men. called for most wealthy. mining these. don't. sharia law to be from the who let it. be funny in a funny way the british felt that the system that the arabs so viewed as a betrayal. was in keeping with the terms of what they'd agreed with the hashemites because they were still considering the territories if under the informal british and french influence as kingdoms to be ruled by arabs and there was even

one mention of the sharif of mecca and the sites because grima to round things out but ultimately for the arabs sites fico was double dealing and it seemed to be giving territory that had just been conceded to the hashemites by the same man correspondence to the french. here in st petersburg and the russian foreign ministry the secret psychs pico agreements between britain and france was approved by russia. that deal was finalized in correspondence dated the 16th of may 19th. influencing the future of millions of people in the middle east yeah.

67 words that spelled promise for one people. but disaster for another. the glad to be establishment of a jewish homeland at the expense of the palestinians. the story of the british declaration that changed the middle east bound for seeds of discord on al-jazeera.

had plenty of windy weather across the southeast australia. some wintry weather in the hot innovations we'll be seeing some snow pushing through victoria and also across the into the southwest of the australian too but meanwhile we've got. a lot about a couple of days across into path. bad high teens maybe about 20 degrees as we head into tuesday and. to the south of there the temperatures 14 degrees in melbourne on tuesday and. the have 20. perhaps see this time of year me one across into new zealand we have got plenty of clouds with. a monday not a couple days into. 8 degrees there but to. choose day but again the rain does tend

to push you away by them anyway. some good amounts of sunshine for lots of the guys in the last few hours and that does mean that people been heading to the beaches being very into the east coast this beach really very busy just enjoying the with those temperatures on the high side 31 on monday with cloudy skies and 20 across in sendai. perception is validation we believe what he says but in one lifetime we cannot seen everything. we will lie an experience in itself. and the legacies of previous generations. of their testimony we let you know very little. with this documentaries that open your eyes and al-jazeera.

hello i'm a very warm welcome to the news out live from london coming up

a sea of umbrellas in hong kong as hundreds of thousands of demonstrators defy the government and stage an illegal march. says it was behind the attack that killed at least 63 people and injured hundreds at a wedding celebration in afghanistan. an iranian oil tanker prepares to leave gibraltar off to a u.s. request to seize it was rejected. and a global award for latin america's largest urban farm offering sanctuary and one of the world's most polluted cities. and then spore new chelsea manager frank lampard is having a tough start to the season the blues are still looking for the 1st win of the campaign after drawing against leicester in the english premier league.

welcome to the program al top story protest organizers in hong kong as saying more than 1700000 anti-government demonstrators of rally through the night people took to the streets despite the heavy rain and one of the largest gathering since june many of them say they want to prove they are peaceful but determined as hard to abdel-hamid reports now from hong kong. it's becoming the norm in whole calls for 11 weekends straight streams of pro-democracy protesters on the streets hundreds of thousands filled victoria park and surveys. your husband have taken part in most of the rally so far this time they booked their 2 young children all signed to face it out on my student to learn up all what is happening in the home call and what we are fighting for i wanted to experience this in person about it i just a study that why it's fight and what if. it is a historic oban know what you know past and many others also said they came to denounce the police crackdown on protesters and put pressure on

a government they feel is ignoring them with each week that passes angry increases and the divide for the government grows deeper and so from the initial demand of revoking the extradition bill now there are 5 demands that the protesters here say they won't back down from. the hill. that i won't do demands the book traffic reform and the withdrawal of criminal charges against gordon $700.00 protesters who have been detained so far but for just to enjoy there is one demand that takes priority i think is the police brutality they have to have an investigation about other stuff. the people who live here they will not feel safe have no leader we just feel like really. walking in the dark is this really frustrating and scared journey for us for me i cannot speak for anyone but for me just feeling really lost authorities had already granted permission for

a rally in the park but this by the heavy rain they marched on districts. and some took the grievances yet again to deceit of hong kong central government was laser pointers have become a sign of the finance for some of them as straight as veterans of the street protests. after 3 turbulent months among them rangers not his real name he says he's ready to fight if. our decisions are based on previous moves if they prompt were protesters we will take action all because we are united and we don't want anyone to be detained we don't confront them if they don't harass us. previous protests have seen clashes between activists and police but this weekend's rally ended peacefully region his friends melted away with the crowd it will be long before they're back on the streets of hong kong with that hamid. well

joining me now is roderick y. associate fellow for the asia pacific program at chatham house 1st of all what are your thoughts on the numbers today 1700000 people a quarter of hong kong's population staging a march which was completely peaceful and in the rain i mean it is extraordinary that after 11 weeks of demonstrations so many people could be bothered to turn out under such adverse circumstances and behave so admirably what impression might this have made on the government in beijing i think they would just say it is more of the same. that. the troubles in hong kong are continuing and the hong kong government needs to find a way as quickly as possible to see put an end to this and the problem really is that the ways that they are offering are all law enforcement ways they aren't

offering any kind of political compromise at the moment which seems to me the only way forward and that appears to be the problem right now a lack of substantive discussions the protest organizers have there 5 dumond's and those ing include the release of protesters you've already been arrested and of course an investigation into abuses that already been committed but rather than getting into the so deep issue with but it's a call reform a sort of stuck on the way in which police and law enforcement officers have responded to the protest and i think i mean the problem is that we are pretty stuck because there is no sort of clear if you like leadership element in the protesters deliberately so there isn't anyone really for the government to negotiate with the war talk with so the government is left only being able really to make sort of unilateral gestures and they're not prepared to do that without having some i

presume guarantee that they would those gestures would be responded to they're not they don't want to do it in the meantime the protests are likely to continue in the face of this deadlock which then leads to the question of how long beijing is willing to tolerate this for is some sort of intervention inevitable if the scenes continue to play out well the problem is we are all in completely uncharted territory nobody knows what's going to happen next because it's been going on for so long it's a complete surprise it's completely new it's flabbergasting the hong kong authorities it's causing real headaches in beijing but there is no simple easy answer i mean the hong kong police have already tried. using forceful measures to disperse the crowds and it hasn't worked to send in chinese paramilitaries there's no guarantee that that would work either. very interesting dilemma then facing president xi jinping. of perhaps not wanting to intervene with troops because that

risks a terrible escalation versus not wanting to appear weak in front of his colleagues at home well that is in a way his di lemma and i think if you're looking for sort of answers that lies in a political decision in beijing and if and when they make the decision that something has to be done they will do it whatever the consequences or potential consequences but at the moment i don't think we are at a position that the threat to beijing is not a nexus dental threat it's still a reputational threat and as long as that is the case probably they won't think it worth while thank you very much appreciate your analysis on this story roderick y. joining us from chatham house well now we move to afghanistan where families have started burying those killed in a suicide bomb attack in kabul on saturday at least 63 people died and 200 others

were injured i sill has claimed responsibility for the attack which is the deadliest in the afghan capital for more than 18 months charlotte ballasts reports from kabul. awaiting that a suicide bomber turned into a massacre these people are waiting to hear with or their relatives and friends survived steve think i was sick that's the thing i'm here to find out about my son to find out if he's ok some people say that his neck is injured some people say his hand is injured he's not answering his phone i don't know what to do was i more than 1000 people at the waiting for a young couple from afghan shia muslim minority to his aura the marriage should have had just been signed when i saw a suicide attack wearing a vest packed with explosives dition a ship in near the stage. but the officer who worked on it with. the figure i was at the back of the waiting hole when suddenly

a big explosion happened i fell down and when i stood up i saw titles and people scared on the ground the sane was all full my brother was injured and most of my friends were killed i didn't know at that time what to do who should i help 1st in shock saki hasn't moved from the spot all night. at another hospital we found cerise 14 hours after the explosion he woke from his karma as we filmed he was the lead singer in keyboard player in the wedding band with us i mean the most wonderful nobody was being opened up when he was being when we leave our home in the morning we don't know if we'll come back to life if we send our children to school we do not know their fate we don't trust any security even at a wedding this can happen i do not know if i'll be alive in an hour or not. so respond was made up of 7 family members his brothers and cousins they were on stage preparing to play during the wedding dinner when the ball when told it's a race is the only survivor. and this is what he would have place. at the

wedding hall staff cleaned up the mop the ground not the spilled drink but the spilled blood they lost colleagues to with dozens killed in nearly $200.00 injured this was the deadliest explosion in kabul in more than 18 months of the series family brought us to hill overlooking the city here is where the band's drummer mohamed haneef was buried just hours earlier on a mobile no courses and 2 going on walls why should we be killed it's for nothing what is our sin what have we done wrong we feed our children and ice will is killing us without committing a crime we asked the government why they aren't stopping them. i still has claimed responsibility for the attack it often target shia minority in this neighborhood with elections just 6 weeks away president danny is under pressure and has called an emergency security meeting for the taliban also commented calling the attack

barbaric to veteran and unjustifiable. well afghan leaders in the taliban lay blame children lay on their relatives graves too young to understand the forces that turn today of joy into one of tragedy chelate palace al-jazeera kabul. violence in afghanistan comes against the backdrop of ongoing talks between the u.s. and the taliban president all trump says he is having very good discussions with the group we were talking to afghanistan know about their government and also talking to the taliban have a very good discussions we'll see what happens we've really got it down to probably 13000 people and we'll be bringing it down a little bit more there will discard whether or not we'll be staying longer and we have been very good discussions with the taliban who have a very good discussions with the afghan government.