and a state of emergency at least 3 people killed in santiago after a supermarket was set on fire by demonstrators metro train stations have been attacked over the plan to raise ticket prices and at least 2 airlines have canceled flights into the capital let's go live now to trays of bo who is in santiago and so there are people out there around you but has the government started to enforce that curfew in that state of emergency. well what we are right now is in the last hour you value this is a place where protests have been regularly although not as big as the ones we're seeing this past few days and the biggest since back in 2011 when students protested always shocked this country what we're seeing right now are lots of young people mostly young people who are clashing the police right a few meters away from where we are the police are responding mostly with tear gas and there's been this ongoing fight now for a few days and what basically a very saying is this is not only about the metro fare hike they say this is

a much bigger hike much bigger fight the want to fight in right now they're fighting for equality in the country they're saying that they do not have a future they're fighting against a system that they say is. you know why provoke him more inequality in chile so what's going right now is the government has deployed around 10000 soldiers around the country many of them are here in the capital protecting metro stations that have been set on fire among others think also they're protecting some sort t.j. of location because it's quite shocking for many of the people we have spoken to because people in from cairo have not seen the military says chris huhne to return to democracy back in 1989 that's a dictatorship of our stuff we have to so that's why i say what we're hearing right now is because of the ongoing situation here is that a curfew could be imposed once again later tonight because of the protests that we're seeing we do know that saluting continue in some parts of the country this is

not just happening in some terrible but in many other parts of chile as well so the protests so widespread that happening in cities but not just like santiago but i think cities like. as well how is the police responding because we have seen some images of heavy handed tactics. so what we're seeing right now is basically the police right here trashing the way of the protesters but at the same time we have seen the military protecting what they say as natural station and other struck to do it locations not only here in santiago but in other parts of the country of course human rights groups are denouncing that abuses have been committed we have not been able to confirm them so far but what it's interesting of what is happening in this country is that chile has been perceived in the region in a way as unique as the president called it and always says where a country that was once a 30 years ago one of the poorest in the region now has one of the highest g.d.p.

per capita income in the country so that something has changed but what people here are saying is that that growth came with a lot of inequality and that's why they say that even though the precedents in a way has halted the rise in the metro fare and congress is meeting right now in order to make a battle official and a good precedent it's also saying that there's going to be a meeting with a cabinet in order to try to resolve some of this issues all of these people here are selling not that they will remain on the streets i'm still some type of concrete we formed to take place thank you very much for the latest from santiago to raise about. well so that for you on the program demonstrations in barcelona demand independence for a 7th straight day this time counter-protests to stage their own rally. to female syrian refugees in jordan join the fight against leaks and wastage in one of the tribes countries on a. hello

there we have the east west splits across europe not just in terms of clear skies and then cloudy skies but also the temperature of 1st well let's talk about this the rain because it has been coming in with a bit of a vengeance and certainly dumbing down the skies into someone's. this is nice is one brave soul doing their best to enjoy the weather despite the fact the rain is coming down more of a monday quite heavy at times as well through the southeast of france pushing on into switzerland and also northern italy meanwhile across northern europe what a bank of tragic and some more showers quite cool 15 celsius in madrid meanwhile 24 in bucharest so this is about 6 degrees above the average for the time of year i mean it is about 5 degrees below 0 quite a bit of cloud across the central role but areas on she's day and that's when the rain is really very heavy through eastern as a spain we could actually have some localized flooding from that system so if they

were going to take out across the finals west morocco algeria the showers a further to the east really working their way along these coastal areas of egypt then as we head off into choose day that is when that system impacting spade importable the west a mess that is when we could see some very heavy wise but amounts of rain into morocco and on towards algeria so certainly cooling off in a bad high there just 18 celsius. and act of useful defiance to recruit your turn next to us out in the school the rest of us who work for the morning was electric shock treatments the worse that trinket of a revolution. the arrest of those children sparked all of which became a battle without a hand that was the beginning of the armed struggle in syria. the boy who started the syrian war on al jazeera.

i'm back look at the headlines now as protests in lebanon spread the prime minister has reportedly proposed a series of reforms to ease the economic crisis this includes cutting the salaries of current and former presidents ministers and m.p.'s by 50 percent. kurdish fighters and civilians are evacuated from a syrian border town that's one of the main targets of turkey's offensive in the region and protests in hong kong have descended into chaos after police clashed with demonstrators who set up roadblocks and burned shops and want to the

city's busiest streets. all now to barcelona pro independence kept lands are protesting in the city now for their 7th straight night they are angry over the jailing of separatists leaders who organized a band independence referendum 2 years ago also known as mayor has appealed for calm after some of the protests turned violent hundreds of counter protesters have also taken to the streets in a show of support for catalonia remaining a part of spain. let's go live now to charlie angelo who's in barcelona so charlie there is still a fair bit of activity going on around you now. absolutely i mean this is a peaceful protest of pro independence demonstrates is actually now singing the castle our national anthem it's such a quite leaving this thousands of them in the street they've been moving around the

city they were in the central commercial district and before that they were trying to get close to the spanish central government forces here in boston and they couldn't because of the police blocking them so instead they threw bags of rubbish over the barricades that way of showing that disgust that the central government who they see is on the winning to come to the table on this issue independence and there's also been a lot of anger at the national police who they blame for the violence that is being seen on the streets of boston over the last few days violence that is in just a number of protests is not actually aligned it or someone i with rubber bullets. they were also shouting class learning against fascism and you seem. to have an excuse. me every key thing. that makes a very gifted to previous days the idea i didn't know the protest to the other side

to the pro unionist audience who had come to know you're going to show solidarity give me some unity and what i have found is that speaking to both sides they say that this issue of independence is pretty dividing and they say that they can't speak to their neighbors in the same way that they used to do agree on though is it that this economy does need to come together and sit down and you can find an end to this crisis a crisis thanks to a standstill. but the country does seem to be unable. within 3 to run the court on november the 10 to finally quit. all right thanks very much charlie angela very in among so lively crowd to as protests continue in barcelona. well the british government is doubling down on its insistence that breaks it will take place at the end of this month despite the prime minister being forced by law to request an extension on saturday boris johnson has been arguing that any further

delay to breaks it will be harmful for the u.k. and for the e.u. he's vowed to get parliament to back his deal and all the legislation that goes with it before copa 31st under simmons has been following the latest twists and turns from westminster. the u.k. is deep into bricks it uncertainty once more with the prime minister again being accused of breaking the law and boris johnson's government readying itself for another push to get parliamentary approval for a new withdrawal. conservative government ministers believe they have enough support to win a meaningful vote on the new deal as early as monday we're going to leave for the 31st we have the means and the ability to do so i think actually the mood in the country is clear and the prime ministers determination is absolute michael gove is the minister responsible for no deal breaks it preparations and he says he's triggering operational yellow the contingency plan he says the reason is there's no

guarantee the european council will approve an extension and that heightens the risk of a no deal bricks it this appears to be a means of putting more pressure on employees to back the deal in parliament drawing from one m.p. who's backing the deal is the man who calls the major setback for boris johnson by coming up with the amendment i thought in august that he wasn't being serious about getting a deal and that's one of the reasons why we put in place part of it was just to make sure that if we got to 31st or do we handle the deal we would be safe and not crush up a part of it was to give him an incentive to get a deal that i think worked i think he is now got his deal and now for those of us for whom that was the motivation we need to back that deal boris johnson isn't budging over his refusal to accept bracks it deadline extension his letter requesting one was judy sent to e.u. council president donald tusk but unsigned and he effectively disowned it with

a signed follow up letter setting out why there shouldn't be another extension of the main opposition labor party says johnson's breaking the law you may well be in contempt of parliament or the courts themselves because he's clearly trying to undermine the. 1st letter and not signing the letter and he's behaving a bit like a spoiled brat made a decision he should abide by it mcdonald was one of the politicians attending the british people's vote march on saturday when police estimated around a 1000000 people crowded into the capital calling for a 2nd referendum on bret's it has confirmed that labor would back an amendment calling for a people's but there are calls for a bricks a decision to be brought back to the people but the government is intent on making every effort to prevent that from happening. and so on monday prose johnson's minority government will try to press the reset button on getting parliament to say yes to the new deal and like every twist of the brics it crisis it's an

unpredictable situation under symonds out his era westminster. bolivians a vote on whether to hand president over morale is his 4th time in power he's facing possibly the tightest race of his career where all this is bolivia's 1st indigenous president and is credited with battling racial inequality he's also been lauded for boosting the economy and lifting millions of bolivians out of poverty but south america's longest serving leader has been criticized as well for seeking reelection in the 1st place despite the bolivians voting to maintain and maintain term limits in 2016 is government has also been linked to corruption scandals well the polls are suggesting that morale is faces a serious challenge for president carlos messa if the election goes to a runoff of course mehsud was forced to leave power in 2005 amid protests that was led by morales who was then a union leader but he has now staged a political comeback and he says he wants to save bolivia's democracy from rawest

calling him a power hungry autocrat for wanting another term john heilemann has more on the story now from lap as. this big decisions to be made this elections in bolivia the incumbent president ever more rallies has managed to grow the economy much better than in many other countries in latin america and slashed poverty almost by half during his time in charge and introduced a sort of stability that wasn't there in bolivia in politics before him but he has now been in power for longer than any other president in the history of bolivia and he's running in this election because he changed the constitution to do so so there are some worries about democracy in this country going forward we talked to quite a few voters here one of them primitive basically said at least things seem to be going reason really well and it's better to keep stability fortress you bob it will

cover you if there's a change will start from 0 again you. lose all we've gained that's how politics is in our country like everything the previous president did will be considered wrong and we'll take a couple years for the new one to find his way it's better the devil you know than the devil you don't believe that luck or now obviously other voters here want change and the nearest candidate to president ever morales is carlos messer and he says he represents a more democratic future for the country there's also other worries here we talked to voters who say things now are going ok but some things could go better in the moment then i moved you're going to sit down let's put in place a look many things need to get better here for instance in the health system they don't give it the importance it deserves really are many things that need to get better there's a lot of young voters this election almost 40 percent of the electorate are under

30 what's going to be interesting is if they stick with president morales or if they want something new now to jordan the country has one of the highest levels of water scarcity in the world a warming planet and growing population are only making the problem once but it's under chapelle now reports from amman many people are taking matters into their own hands. after fleeing from syria not long after the war began i found herself learning a new trade by accident she's always been good with her hands and decided to sign up for a jewelry making class in the arab it her new home but then something funny happened because one of the arabic phrases for jewelry making is the same as the word for plumbing that i am now i was about to leave the workshop with other ladies but then we remembered we had plumbing issues in our homes and through this training we'd get the chance to help ourselves especially when we can't let men into our way of homes while we are living alone without our husbands. the women banded together and

found purpose training other syrian and jordanian women to be plumbers more than 600 so far most of her customers households schools and other public facilities are wasting a lot of water not good in a country that sits 2nd in a global list of nations with the highest water scarcity the only one at this table going to think most people think when they are in pipes in the woods because they think it's the only reason why banks go empty but we all of us find that the man really isn't as. a broken float valve in a tank like this one can lead to a loss of more than 10 liters per minutes that's all it with running water can waste up to 15 leaders per minute so in countries that are dealing with water scarcity households have a big responsibility to stop the leaks it's estimated that a quarter of the water provided by jordan has been this whole networks leaks away before it can even be used with more than 10000000 people tapping into

a water supply that's only big enough for 3000000 the government rations water to households them with love and on the people notify us there is a leak in that neighborhood then we go fix it well roads are dug up and pipes replaced the ministry of water and irrigation says households need to help by maintaining their own tanks and fixtures they would see if they would see a body in this here. and there wouldn't. we should try to save the drop of water. leaky pipes aren't the only reason of course even more water is lost due to theft jordan's growing population has been over exploiting its supply for decades but these female plumbers are doing their bit to help preserve an increasingly scarce resource and schapelle al-jazeera i'm on. a look at headlines this hour as protests in lebanon spread the prime minister has

reportedly proposed a series of reforms to economic crisis includes cutting the salaries of current and former presidents ministers and m.p.'s by 50 percent protest to say the political system is riddled with corruption and cronyism many see the government is responsible for driving that children as the country due to lack of jobs cabinet meeting is expected to take place on monday to approve the reforms stephanie decker brings us more now 11 what are you telling them what they want is the entire company not the police they want to see the numbers even get. some estimates what do you think we're going to be a target if you're not taking here in the earth to protect against all the areas that are never going to the 4th in the south and everyone turning out that they're not going to go and not take up with a water which is. worth more to the politicians not the actual economy kurdish fighters and civilians have been evacuated from the syrian border town that's one

of the main targets of turkey's offensive dozens of ambulances were in the convoy that left russell and the kurds departure is a major condition of a cease fire deal brokered between the u.s. and turkey and kora wants the kurdish fighters to leave an area 32 kilometers deep into syria so it can establish a so-called safe zone. protests in hong kong have descended into chaos after police clash with demonstrators who set up roadblocks and burned businesses on one of the city's busiest streets or testers also threw petrol bombs and vandalize shops with ties to beijing but he's hit back firing tear gas and water cannon authorities have been struggling to contain it months of demonstrations against chinese rule. one of the story independent scotland are protesting in barcelona for the 7th straight night now they are angry over the jailing of separatist leaders who organized a band referendum on independence 2 years ago hundreds of counter protesters of helped their own rally though in support of catalonia remaining parts of spain well

vose are the headlines this hour talk to our desire is next with the president of the international red cross. one of humanity's most important accomplishments of the last century that's how the international committee of the red cross sees the geneva conventions the organizations work is based on that treaty signed in 1949 over the past 70 years that set the international legal standards for the humane treatment of prisoners of

war and civilians during times of conflict it allows the red cross to provide its services to those who are engaged in conflict the i.c.r.c. is an independent neutral organization that works to ensure humanitarian protections and assistance for victims of war it also takes action in response to emergencies and promotes respect for international law but with the scale of this centrist conflicts all over the world and the increasing fact of influence how does the i.c.r.c. make sure the geneva conventions of followed the president of the international committee of the red cross p tamara talks to al-jazeera. a president of the international committee of the red cross thank you for talking to al-jazeera you are parts of the red cross movement the oldest humanitarian network in the world you work all over the world i think it's fair to say that if

your workload is heavy the grim reality that means a lot of misery and hardship for people in conflict zones around the world give us an idea. now of the state of the world and of your work and you're never asked this question to the president of i.c.r.c. to get the bright view of the world was a record of our mandate remains to assist and protect people exposed to war and violence and of course this is a big concern and has been a growing concern over the last couple of years the fact that our budget has doubled within a couple of years only that we are in the increasing number of conflicts deeply engaged the fact that we see in the increasing fragmented landscape of actors in conflicts from west africa to east africa from the middle east to afghanistan this of course illustrates that there are challenges off. looking at mitigating the

impact of war and violence on people challenges to the respect of international humanitarian law so a difficult period certainly in the it seems to us that these braids. the impossibility at the present moment the big powers to move to consensus on how we really to settle and to influence the settlement positively on some of the biggest conflicts in the world your organization closer very unique role in the international system because you're a humanitarian organization but you're also the guardian something which when everyone's heard of the geneva conventions it's a very complicated subject but give us the potted version of the geneva conventions what are they and how important are they i think since the 1st geneva convention in the 19th century at the end of today it is all about preserving humanity in

war how military operations should be conducive what minimal respect and rules to respect it's about protecting the protection of civilians it's about the nonuse of illegal weapons these are norms which are in shrine in the geneva conventions of 1949 which we celebrated 70 years in the versity but which go farther back in history and which are rooted in many societies and histories worldwide people think of things in history like prisoner war camps and world war 2 and the rules of war that you have in place in the geneva conventions but. he said he want to bang the now when you look at some of these conflicts particularly in the middle east well a lot of actors in today's conflict theaters to respect or to know about the laws and i think kids sometimes at this store to view this body or floor ways are

only here to be violated in the present circumstances of course nobody can discard the stark reality that the geneva conventions are violated by a lot of parties in today's conflicts but let's look at some of those specific conflicts and let's start with what the u.n. says is the worst humanitarian disaster in the world and that's the situation in yemen the war there has been going on for a long time but the saudi air campaign started 4 and a half years ago they seem to consistently be hitting civilians in that case do you believe the geneva conventions are being broke. while the pattern of implementation of the geneva convention in a context like yemen is of course a big challenge and we see violations. continuing we also see big efforts from all the believe to engage with us and to improve so that it is the glass half full have empty there are obviously challenges

and many of the impacts that we see which make yemen as you rightly say as one of the worst humanitarian crisis is at the present moment is of course a direct consequences of the fact that international humanitarian law is not respected but on the other hand how can we also highlight and demonstrate that there are credible efforts to improve these efforts i think exist in the kind of engagements that we have in a context like yemen has there been any consideration of changing your way of working and perhaps being more public and starting to maim and shame some of those who are responsible for breaking the conventions that you are the guardian of it is important that we are explicit on patterns of violations when it comes to specificity we are still very reluctant and we see value in not

attributing necessarily in the public space before having made all the efforts to do it in the private space we see value in keeping that privileged relationship of diplomatic engagement for the respect of international humanitarian law i hear what you say but i do want to bring up a specific case just as an example the recent case when a detention center just weeks ago was bombed in yemen and well over 100 people were killed now i know you're not going to answer about that specific case but under the geneva conventions is it a war crime. to bomb a detention center or prison we have expressed public indignation but we have and that. the exact legal of reading in the public space that's an issue of conversations with belligerence and you have to be careful international humanitarian law is is a very complex. legal framework and i think it is important

that the complexity of international humanitarian law which by and large is always upon duration between military interest and protection interest that these complexities can be discussed. with the military sua responsible for the conduct of military operations it is a complex issue but you are our guide to this complex issue does it make a difference in international humanitarian law if you have precision weapons and very good intelligence because the saudis have american funded weapons they have we believe american intelligence and yet in 4 and a half years they keep hitting whether it be school buses hospitals schools repeatedly hitting civilian targets well i certainly believe that there is and their vantage of having intelligence and precision

instruments in order to guy and to lead your military operations in a way which is compatible to international humanitarian law and i think it is important that those who deliver weapons and precision instruments to partners in warfare take also responsibility to engage that these weapons and these instruments are used in a way compatible with international humanitarian law and i think that's very much a debate in body politics of the united states and other countries who are. deliver weapons to the belligerents in the region that you mentioned so i think the good thing about the geneva convention is that all states have signed up to these conventions so it's a common basis which. entices also responsibility for all states when you look at the grim picture of yemen it's hard to find some good news but potentially you

could say that since the end of last year data is a bit of good news sort of good news in that there has been a very shaky cease far how has that affected the flow of much needed humanitarian aid well here again it's a glass half full and half empty of course compared to the needs we. register in fear there is software operations in yemen what the pipeline of goods coming into yemen through her data. has all that has remained below what we would expect to do yemen remains a context in which the pipeline of your money terry an assistance and protection board training remains complex of course it's a positive element that more goods can come into the country but there are still

a lot of restrictions which would make yemen a context in which the situation would change dramatically to the better at the present moment humanitarian actors are still limited not only by import into yemen but also by the situation on the ground in yemen to distribute goods to those who are most in need because combat operations in the country violence continues and as you know as good as we all know this is a very complex situation in which so many actors on the ground are involved so it remains a challenging situation the fragile who dated deal was paul. out of what was agreed at the talks at the end of last year in stockholm what was also supposed to happen was a massive prisoner exchange between the who thiis and the yemeni government and your organization the i.c.r.c. was supposed to be dealing with that negotiating making it happen i don't believe a single prisoner has been exchanged as it will tell tell us what went wrong indeed

you rightly draw the attention to this important issue we continued to being engaged in hope to debug and the block the situation there with which side is causing the problem well. i'm not going to an attribute the responsibility for a non emergence of consensus around a diplomatic deal but i think in any other situations i think we are very much committed together with the u.n. to make the agreements these tentative agreements in stock on these areas which have been identified those priority areas happen and the detention exchange program according to all my organization and would be of course very important confidence building step which hopefully would least tensions in other areas as well let's move to another conflict in the middle east to syria which is our no is your

largest operation in the world currently we heard consistently over a war that's lasted 8 and a half years from world leaders there is no military solution in syria and yet we watched one play out as sad as carried out with the help of the russians and the a military solution are you dismayed that a series of deescalation zones were picked off one by one we certainly have witnessed the same discrepancy and i have myself. highlighted in public statements the same discrepancy over the last couple of years step for 8 years we have heard. political leaders talking about the fact that there is no military solution while pursuing on the ground military solutions in syria i.c.r.c. as a humanitarian organization doesn't pronounce itself on the justification or not of military operation we are concerned about how these military operation are can do

you were once diligence the site to go to war and in that sense we have even more been distressed by the. repetitive violations of international humanitarian law in the conduct of us still it is in the use of weapons in the treatment of detainees so syria unfortunately has been and has become an emblematic conflict over the last couple of years we're the balance between the respect in this respect has been very unfavorable in terms of the treatment of civilians the treatment of detainees. and i think we we can only hope that. in a foreseeable future we we find that least ceasefire type arrangements which give reprieve to the civilian population which has so much

suffered in that syrian context particularly in because many from other parts of syria fled to it look there are 3000000 people there it looks like it might be the last the most bloody battle of the war there we've seen consistent attacks on hospitals a medical centers that can only have been carried out by the syrian government and the russians i know you don't like to talk about specifics but attacks on hospitals and medical centers is not clearly against the geneva conventions and well it's certainly not that. far and to the extent that hospitals are you would. hospitals not. bases for military operations and so each case has always talked be locked out at a very specific early having said that we are concerned. the syrian conflict again has been. at the top of those conflicts in which military

attacks have been laid against humanitarian installations hospitals medical workers. which have been particularly hit with regard to your special role looking after prisoners in conflict in syria let me ask you about those 1st those that are held in assad's prisons because there are so many families who don't know what has happened to their loved ones with being tortured whether they be murdered what statistics do you have what access do you have we do visit detainees in syria which have been. under de or thought it is off the civilian military soft ministries of the ministry of interior so we use we do visit to regular detainees in. in in detention facilities in syria but we do not have access to those who have been detained in the context of the hostilities in

syria by the armed forces or or other security services so this is an issue which remains of big concern in terms of access and that's also due reason why i.c.r.c. as an observer participates in the stunna talks and in the working groups on detainees and missing people we are particularly concerned and i see it myself when visiting those contacts to see how much distress the insecurity about where people are. is imposing on so many so many syrians so we have seen syrians flooding icier seize office is over the last 2 years in particular since there has been in certain parts of syria a little bit of a reprieve on military hostilities they have contacted us they are looking for dear missing relatives which are either dead or in detention to which

we have not access not access yet hopefully the other population of prisoners i want to focus on are those that were part in syria and iraq of i saw some of those have ended up in custody i know you went to the al whole camp recently perhaps you can describe the conditions they're being held in and how concerned you are. well as you know there are those who have been fighters or suspected fighters and i.c.r.c. has in iraq and northeastern syria. some not complete access to those who are detained in prison and there are those who are relatives of . families of foreign fighters which are at the present moment in big numbers in the whole camp and we don't know where to go no one will take women the other country that's right and still 90 percent of those in the

whole are syrians in the rockies and i.c.r.c. has been able to access the camp to mount the humanitarian operation together with partners of the movement with the norwegian red cross we have been able to build a hospital we are cooking 20000 meals a day in a whole camp for the inhabitants but it remains a very dire situation for all those who are stuck at the present moment in a hole and that's the reason why we encourage all countries to make the best they can a breeding ground for further extremists well certainly it has been our view ill treatment in detention and insufficient access for humanitarian act to restore facilities like the ones in the hole in the insufficient possibilities to scale and speed up humanitarian assistance is creating conditions which are certainly not

favorable to reconsideration tall positive reintegration of those who are dear so we are constantly appealing. to the international community and the respective governments in the region to deal with this important issue to give a perspective to those who are detained to. give more access and more facilities to humanitarian organization and for those. foreigners who are dear to be taken back by their countries of origins and either adjudicated or liberated depending on what . the exact situation of each one is i was surprised when looking at your figures for prisoners around the world at the place where you have the most missing people potentially being detained it's on another continent it's in nigeria well

the numbers of $22000.00 is that right that's right and it's in terms of statistics of people having come to the i.c.r.c. and looking for people missing it's indeed the largest figure. per country that we have seen emerging it's not so surprising when you look at the landscape i have highlighted for a long time that the i.c.r.c. is concerned by the by the dynamic of violence war and displacement in the sahara and the lake chad basin and i think it's just a lack of attention and visibility of conflict region. through the international community which is of concern is one once you look at what has happened over the last couple of years in that region you are a weirdo. millions have been displaced as they have in the middle east with almost

no visibility and sometimes with little access and little humanitarian response that that is happening so is the problem that the international community initially saw this is a mali problem they put $16000.00 u.n. peacekeepers in mali and the problem is now gone from mali still there too but it's spreading a lie. suggest and offer a yes the international community thought it was a mali problem and probably the international community also thought it was an exclusively security problem and i think a lot of time and then the g. and the resources have gone into creating the g 5 hell in creating the multinational task force around the lake chart and to find the military response to all some of the insecurity emerging over the last couple of years and while when

you visit the region it pops to your eyes that there are these longstanding developmental. reasons which contribute to the fragility of this complex that there is climate change in my gratian and population displacements which comes on top of a very war torn and violent situation in which we find ourselves so i think it's really a very selective view with which the international community has looked at. continent and there's a hell and charge in particular the europeans only look through the eyes of migrants coming to them and maybe insufficiently look at the complexity of the origin of fragility and population displacements in the sahara and the lake chad you mention climate change we normally deal with that as an environmental

problem but how much of a problem is a driver for conflict do you see in the future when you look at the list stuff countries most race from climate change and you look at my priority list of conflict war and violence these almost match 8 of 10. places in the world which are top priorities to i.c.r.c. to respond to war at the same time most fragile in terms of. climate change so there is obviously a link between climate change induced fragility and violence induced fragility we see it visible in the sun held because the changing rainfall patterns have fundamentally changed the behavior of cultural lists and pastoralist people started

to move toward. lands which have been. in the in other productions circles of what the herders steer them so herders farmers encounter in a difficult sector and in the creasing the narrow space because of climate change induced population movement so this adds to the complexity of the situation and certainly demands some new forms of humanitarian response we are looking for instance at the present moment what means an adaptation to changing rainfall patterns as what does it mean for humanitarian organizations like us and we try to see how we can strengthen the resilience of communities the productive capacities sort of all new crops and new ways of doing business and the wing and

go into the field so we look at new forms of human and therion assistance which is more adapted to the double challenge of violence and climate change peter maer a president of the international committee of the red cross thank you for talking to al jazeera thanks a lot. i. when say to really know someone you must walk a mile in their shoes. follow in their footsteps as they forge their way in the was. al-jazeera shares these personal journeys.

inspiring stories of people perseverance on their chosen path. witnessed documentaries on al-jazeera. hello i'm maryam namazie in london the headlines this hour as protests in lebanon spread the prime minister has reportedly proposed a series of reforms to ease the economic crisis this includes cutting the salaries of current and former presidents ministers and m.p.'s by 50 percent protest to say the political system is riddled with corruption and cronyism many see the

government as being responsible for driving their children out of the country because of a lack of jobs a cabinet meeting is expected to take place on monday to approve the reforms as stephanie deka now explains. live what are you going to tell you that what they want is to be in. the pool they see the numbers here to get some estimates but if that's true and it may hit the target that's not the take here in america the protests began in other areas that were not in the more than in the south and everyone turning up they're not going to go nuts i think up with a lot. more to the politicians not the actual economy like that but let's talk to that store to one of the protesters to get a sense of what the people want this name is mario counting down to doing lives that are trying mario thank you for talking to al-jazeera tell me 1st why you are here are and what you want to see happening while i'm here because it's my right to

be here because we don't really it's a people repeat of a republic basically clean beaches clean streets all over the we've seen nothing we've seen nothing from this government they haven't done anything about it the most. so poor of the what is wrong with the politicians people are saying that the money decisions are corrupt because we're now hearing that there is a potential economic reform package that is not going to be at all part of the decisions are corrupt that's for sure but it's like putting there's a good living and there are multiple chances to cycle or there are multiple chances to talk. g.d.p. to reshoot when they've done nothing about it in fact earlier this year they were going to put it's going to bring nothing about it but it's just so we need we need we need to do this we need to we need to overcome all these obstacles and i don't know but this reform package i mean before we even want to reform package we need to launch an investigation into the pockets of all of these politicians they need

to bring our money back we need to invest the money back into the back into this country. kurdish fighters and civilians are being evacuated from the syrian border town that's one of the main targets of turkey's offensive dozens of ambulances are in the convoy that left russell i mean one of the main targets of tuck is offensive because departure is a major condition of a ceasefire deal brokered between the united states and turkey and gore wants the kurdish fighters to leave an area 32 kilometers deep into syria where it can establish a so-called safe side. protests at hong kong have descended into chaos after police clash with demonstrators who set up roadblocks and burned businesses one of the city's busiest streets protest is also from petrol bombs and vandalized shops with ties to beijing so she's been struggling to contain months of demonstrations against chinese rule. pro independence catalans are protesting in barcelona for the 7th straight night angry over the jailing of separatist leaders who organized

a band independence referendum 2 years ago hundreds of counter protesters have also taken to the streets in a show of support for catalonia remain a part of spanx. bolivians are deciding whether to hand president evo morales his 4th term in power but he's facing possibly the tightest race of his career is the country's 1st indigenous leader and has already been in office for 13 years a win that would keep him there until 2025 but the former president carlos messer could force him into a 2nd round runoff poll in december. and the u.s. defense secretary mark aspers made an unannounced trip to afghanistan in an attempt to revive negotiations with the taliban he's also been holding talks with the afghan defense minister and president musharraf ghani u.s. president donald trump abruptly broke off talks with the taliban last month after the group carried out a bomb attack in the capital kabul killing 12 people including an american soldier

coming up next on al-jazeera we have the story of the boy who started the syrian war stay with us. another day another hit and run mission for the free syrian army in the southern city of. najaf. yes. it's classic urban guerrilla warfare and no one knows the streets better than those

who played here as children. these men in the old grew up in but this is no game and if the government troops pinpoint them they're dead. we just. should have a close look at. the stuff. we just looking into because. it is here in this city that the uprising against bashar al assad began. among these fighters is a young man who bears a unique and unintended responsibility his name is see a snake. on the lot of other modern animals in

what. was it. was just 14 when he sprayed antigovernment slogans on this school. walled in that. it was february 2011 and he could never have imagined the consequences. well over half a 1000000 people have been killed in syria since the start of the war. malawi as home city has been ravaged by street fighting shelling barrel bombing the war has created scars that may never heal.

the so-called arab spring at rallies popular sentiment across the middle east tunisia egypt libya yemen and many more so millions of people take to the streets. people protesting dictatorship and demanding democratic freedoms. but malawi is graffiti was more amused active youthful defiance. oh i thought that was off muscle for us. a man. who did not apply. to them and i thought i thought. i had them with us. about you know managed to shut the door though my door and i'm not so

much on the list of all the. well a lot of toys. are allowed. in the month of the following him into. his father's fears. well founded. malawi has 3 accomplices were rounded up by the police together with a dozen other suspects. before the. dragged out of bed in a dawn raid he was driven away in handcuffs his family had no idea where he was being taken but knew of the syrian authorities reputation for brutality. madhu for abboud was an accountant for 20 years until the uprising. but when

jani you took them condemned you know a lot of that in there as our other did that come to us and thought that if the new law. got. a new. some oxygen. they have somebody. to look at the only that they got is a problem which one out of one of the public to hear it are going to be going on with one still has kind of i want a lot of a little of. me to be there to help us live or not i want to. plug in the molecule left to themselves think of how many. more some of my 100 are not who said you understood you had that idea you home. or you could be out of place like that even and that will help and i would not wonder. about that garbo. link kind of got a lot of that photo how. my you can the way you are if i think i live it goes with

the whole. fellow. well met either will. eat the. day i think i'll ship recognition of all i will. come with. your. mum's a lot of bus was established on the south along with the more you were looking all your me and laughed at that. when their fathers tried to find out what had become of the boys they were told forget those children go home and make some more if you can't manage send us your women and we'll make more for you. how you do or much money can mean this that are. well documented in the. cannot is or can occur has shaken her. spirit for the boy's safety

after a month in police custody thousands began taking to the streets demanding their return. and i convince me that i am no one who nastily shot of a gulag stoner at the alamo how. could a serial convoluted without us a little canonical. canonic another know just you know. there are going on here now and yes you have. an internet and know just where it was. around 230 in the afternoon the police began treating the demonstration as a right. to form the barricades fire tear gas and water cannons. the crowd fill.