on a new jersey. i really felt liberated as a journalist module about getting to the truth as i would love for this job. how i'm hasn't thinker in doha the top stories on ages into the united states top diplomat in ukraine says he clearly understood military aid to kiev was linked to an investigation into president trump's political rivals william taylor will be one of the 1st witnesses to appear in public hearings next week how do you know castro has more from washington. bill taylor is the acting ambassador to ukraine and for impeachment investigators he served as a guide giving the road map with conversations dates and people connecting the dots to make this case to investigators that trump use the power of his office to

try to get ukraine to help him with his political campaign for reelection now taylor testified behind closed doors 2 weeks ago but according to the transcript that was just released he said he had a clear understanding that there was a quid pro quo and he said the idea for this came from trump's private attorney who was empowered by the president to circumvent regular diplomatic channels in order to carry out this foreign policy in ukraine that prioritize trumps political interests above that of national security now moving forward investigators have announced that public hearings will begin taking place next week which is at the key of what democrats who are trying to impeach president trump want to accomplish they want more members of the american public to hear the case for impeaching the president from these witnesses themselves up until this point all of the hearings

have happened behind closed doors so the information to americans have has come through hundreds of journalists but even up to this point there's a growing number of americans who according to polls do support impeaching and even removing trump from office that number is hovering right around 50 percent democrats are hoping that if they can get a clear majority of the public to support them to impeach the president then perhaps they can make a convincing argument to their republican colleagues in the senate who ultimately will be deciding the president's guilt or innocence and perhaps remove him from office. the u.s. justice department has charged 2 former twitter employees with spying for saudi arabia they're accused of accessing the accounts of thousands of users including prominent critics of the saudi government saudi arabia has not commented rob reynolds has more from los angeles the u.s. attorney in this case david anderson referred to saudi arabia in his comments

saying quote we will not allow u.s. companies or u.s. technology to become tools of foreign repression and while as you mentioned the saudis have not commented twitter as a spokesman saying in a statement we recognize the lengths that bad actors will go to undermine to try and undermine our service and twitter says it is committed to protecting the identities of its users who discuss things like human rights repression and democracy and free speech yemen's government says hooty rebels have fired missiles at the red sea port of at least 8 people are pointed to have been killed the a group doctors without borders says a hospital it runs was damaged it is the biggest attack since september at least $47.00 people have been killed in an attack on mine workers in bikini a fast so a convoy carrying stuff from

a canadian owned mine was targeted in the east well being is courted by the military fighting with groups linked to eisele and al-qaeda has surged in the last year killing hundreds of people congolese warlord bosco and to ghana is due to be sentenced for war crimes at the international criminal court in the hague in july he was convicted of leading rebel forces the committed atrocities against civilians in 2002 he faces life in prison. french police are dismantling refugee camps as part of a new crackdown the government says people are being moved to a safer place evacuation comes a day after the announcement of new plans to restrict asylum seekers. those are the headlines we're back in half an hour right now it's the caliph foundation.

the caliph are. a form of rule in islam. that lasted for almost 13 centuries. from the death of the prophet muhammad. to the overthrow of the last ottoman caliph in 1924. the arabic $10.00 to 28th $25.00 which actually interestingly simply means a successor already adapted to. the ruler of the islamic world would call himself clifford resort and successor cultures. over the centuries. the title of caliph is a term that has been used. at the times abuse.

in june 2014. a militant group calling itself the islamic state in iraq and the levant isis. declared the establishment of a caliphate. a call rejected by most muslims around the world. by so proclaimed its leader the buckle but the dead. a callous. the man no love with. 1 appropriating a title imbued with a religious and political significance. and casting a dark shadow. over a rich history. discounted by god in the sense destroying attempting to destroy. much of the legacy the scaly ifs i want to preserve and to to foster. in a 2nd with us and he said let's have

a steady lettuce unlocked. and. the cooling house not the kind of mental disease i'm in so how the name of a muscle. this is the story of a tie to the originated 1400 years ago. to expand one of the greatest empires the world has ever known. this is the story of the comet. medina saudi arabia.

last resting place of muhammad. the prophet of islam. it was here in june of the year 632. that he died after a brief illness. the prophet left behind a young and fibrous slavic state uniting most of the tribes of a arabian peninsula. with medina as its capital. amman plan was assessment. and no safad did not be in the exam a man and some thought with what does the many sobs of done in the us yet that is a mob and has support them. but. look at the hondas. and

reset it and who would lead to. think with a thought. to 10 years earlier muhammad and a group of his early followers would come to be known as a more headroom for the emigrants had fled mecca and persecution by the pagan leaders of their own try for a huge. war will the prophet and the emigrants were given shelter by the citizens of medina. with their off to be cold alone song. meaning the supporters. together these 2 groups formed. the close companions of the prophet the

successor would come from one of them. and i would be in the home and he had been led to and i that well he then he can have him and yet the one rule then i'm not bad none of us would. be in a humble building that used to stand on the sights of this public god. but the supporters gathered to decide which of them would be the prophet successor. but 2 of the leading emigrants. and almost interrupted their deliberations. had util an idol internationally in the end i thought it cannot be learned in ohio just now know that in islam and i was in that no you knew that it. gannett in mohajer. last as. after hours of heated debate. the claim of the emigrants was judged to have precedence.

done while awake and the content to do a lot of us will only do the other. the that it has an hour by hour had a history here let me highlight in which good or bad and barry are all my buddy mckee. for by our. in a humble building in medina a new age had begun. a new title written into history. a title that would ring down the ages. the 1st caliph of islam the successor of mohammed was to be a buckra city. the

following day a box position was confirmed when the most in community gave. an oath of allegiance to the new caliph. o.-p. put a pic task has been assigned to me. now it is beyond doubt that i have been elected european. but though i'm not better than you. obey me as long as i obey our laws and his prophet. when i disobeyed him and his prophet. then obey me not. at all but was the 1st of 4 would be known as the russia doing the right to god did

caliphs. they were all people who had been very close to the prophet muhammad during his lifetime as his companion as those who had converted. to islam and had dedicated themselves to the formation of the community the spreading of the message here that fall in early campaigns and. internet of the prophet mohammad in lands. there was a i didn't create out well out. the have a unless you. call the plenty of room out of the cup loblaws how about how do you know if they i mean. to tell you i better have all your time even with me and well you know that venus will go gevalt. kind of job you not know if they come in day 2 men. was a profoundly spiritual

a modest man. but when some of the arabian tribes rose up in rebellion refusing to submit to the new caliph it he was quick to act. as a much to someone who knows a 100 irate that he knows all the tribal details the genealogies the clowns the weaknesses the strengths who could be employed against whom and he transformed himself into this extraordinary powerful man. of a book or a declared war on the rebel tribes and after a year of heavy fighting. he emerged victorious. his attention was now turned to the territory of the 2 superpowers of the era the

sussan it's in persia and the by sun times of the eastern roman empire. in an old dayshift move taking on both empires at once he launched the muslim conquests. but crucially he gave his men orders to preserve. not destroy. our work and. now. i'm with a day guinea and every man i build him. a box commander in the east. made good ground in iraq fighting the sas and.

the 4 army sent to attack by sometime garrisons in the levant meeting heavy resistance. on the caliphs order. which he moved his men across the desert to the west of the. oldest 634 on the fields of here in palestine. the most i'm on he's gathered to take on the might of my son to battle. the most. wicked and. wonder. in the. and.

so has some of the model. but in the wake of victoria as that. and after just 2 years this kind. of book by the age of 61. there's no moment where there's an election or a council and we just have this placement as it were like a vice president coming on to the throne of the kind of what of the comes that. over the next 10 years. almost. the 2nd right he got it kind of. would show himself to be a great strategist and state but. a

few days after he became kind of. almost on this once more under fairly conquered damascus. but. was soon to be stripped of his command. obama i mean who are you seeing. what obama said that you know might have by the of the what and the how did file and you had there and the men had run out of milk in the. well i'm the lab your mother went. after 2 years the caliph would recalled his brilliant commander to the battlefront once again. this time here in northern jordan in the tranquil valley of the yarmouk

river. and oldest 636 this was where the by son time army clashed with muslim forces underfed. once more victory fell to the muslims. a woman by the the need for the obedience to have. a day off the hook and the had to hit and miss with the needle to any case sorry i'm wouldn't it be your fault. unless we went down and about. the muslim conquest smoothed on words in all directions capturing the rest of the live on of its great cities. finally they laid siege to jerusalem it's so. awful making up this that i don't see. a woman like you know. yeah the little.

n e a t. c list of this. jerusalem significance lay as it still does today and its position as a holy place for the 3 great monotheistic religions judaism christianity. under slam. move only for jerusalem was almost prepared to make his 1st and last journey a scout of. low ball off a small home less than. she had. given in medina can

a dollar on. the whole does well what a slum oh a levy had a life for death and. that let me tell you how i know the one i saw all well i'll tell ya. sophronia to teach you welcome to my own people make use of the city and then told them to come and pray in the holy supple curve of the holiest church of christe and . said no i will not pray here and when the patriarch asked why not because if i play here then after me muslims will come and want to pray here take this church from you and i want you to have this church.

instead almost prayed just outside the church. in later years on the exact spot. this mosque was a red. herring the caliph's name. to this day a copy of the pledge that almost gave to the christians of jerusalem can be seen hanging on the walls of the smalls. this is a national audience of peace and protection given by the settlement of a law among commendable to believe this to the people of jerusalem. he gave them an insurance of protection for their lives property cherish and crosses as well as the sick and the healthy only it's really just. it's a wonderful journey and so many stories about omar back to puritanical commando but

his journey jerusalem he's at his best he is sorting out the faith traditions honoring them in a city that can be shared by all faith communities. with the muslims now in full control of the levant they moved west and conquered egypt. in the east the caliphs armies triumphed over the south and it's that hard to say. an advanced on their capital. testify. it's just it's just. at the time the largest city in the world. all that remains today of tessie form. is the arch of course. once the

throne hall of persia and grooms. you have to remember the 2 great superpowers of the. screwed the world for the last 400 years they were. putting it in a modern parlance it's a bit like the eskimos taking on the united states of america and russia. in october 644 at the height of his powers and while leading the feds don't prayers almost was assassinated by disaffected person slave. yeah i'm going to cut bob because i leave that. who

has a lot of his in many accidents with. who. says oh i did it. yeah i need to start. the ad you're out of the cut up. the idea. was that it did see has yes. if you have. a minute. to go when. you don't. believe the ship of the muslims now to a man with a markedly different character. became the 3rd day of the russia doing the rocky guided caliphs.

shrine in quite a 120. resting place of one of the. the prophet muhammad's close companion. was killed in the early attempts to conquer the area during the reign of the color . of the law and that he set it. off when you're not. the what i can change how any and. what has a sort of bizarre thing. at 1st successful the campaign soon run into problems over the division of the spoils

of war. effort with homos i don't have a thread i'm not a fan but the shia and get it home with some hamas. there can be. a whole off mad about can at them and i want to go ahead and show but how many c.f.c.'s the. how and the several how that. the ruling elite of this empire where rules are right from hundreds tribe to tribe of carraige these people have become the rule is a very very wealthy empire and they also have laws on me that have been drawn from across the peninsula and now we're being settled in garrisons in egypt and iran and so i think the politics and the economics of the situation who are almost inevitably going to drive conflict. in $655.00

mutinies broke out against the kind of uncalled for and bustling. and in the garrison that's a start in egypt. a year later on grumbles march to medina and took up positions around off months house calling on him to step down. he broke a disease has tended to see each things get ugly but she's broken into and he's assassinated killed and it's said that all. full symbolic moment he was meditating reading the koran the company one of his wives of the blood of the 3rd kid of the spilt on the cross to the court that emblematic moment when the word of god is splattered with blood and it's as if the islamic community will never know peace again. once again

a caliph had been assassinated. but this time the killers were muslims. less than a quarter of a century after the death of the prophet. calles. how does the encryption where their online while i face many direct translated slavery or if you join us on sand this is an attack on academic freedom and on our ability to do research and teach freely this is a dialogue myanmar is not making it very welcoming for people to come back everyone has a voice climate change is real the discussion is real and i'm here to talk about the solutions on how to 0 in 2020 tokyo the power. of the

nation is a troubled history. japan's disability. 0. a lot has a secret in doha the headlines on al-jazeera the united states top diplomat in ukraine says he clearly understood military aid for kiev was linked to an investigation into president trump's political rivals william taylor will be one of the 1st witnesses to appear in public hearings june next week how to show castro has more he said he had a clear understanding that there was a quid pro quo and he said the idea for this came from trump's private attorney who was empowered by the president to circumvent regular diplomatic channels in order to carry out this foreign policy in ukraine that prioritize trumps political

interests above that of national security the u.s. justice department has charged to form a twitter employees with spying for saudi arabia they're accused of accessing the accounts of thousands of users including prominent critics of the saudi government saudi arabia has not commented rob reynolds has more from los angeles the u.s. attorney in this case david anderson referred to saudi arabia in his comments saying quote we will not allow u.s. companies or us technology to become tools of foreign repression and while as you mentioned the saudis have not commented twitter as a spokesman saying in a statement we recognize the lengths that bad actors will go to undermine to try and undermine our service and twitter says it is committed to protecting the identities of its users who discuss things like human rights repression

and democracy and free speach. yemen's government says the rebels have fired missiles at the red sea. at least 8 people have been killed the a group doctors without borders says a hospital was damaged. at least 47 people have been killed often attack on mine workers in. a convoy carrying stuff from a canadian mine was targeted. by the military french police on dismantling refugee camps as part of a new crackdown the government says people are being moved to what they call a safe place the evacuation. of. those headlines now back to the calif foundation.

the year 656. just a quarter of a century has passed since the death of the prophet muhammad. and the foundation of the caliphate. the 3rd caliph off man has been murdered by a group of rebels in the capital. baghdad monrovia lahore on ghana living. that's the way i can. help when i mean i mean well. what in the hell you all i could 1000000 my duty and while on sop. ali cousin and son in law of the prophet. to the pressure becoming the force of the

russia doing the rightly guided kindness. he needed me is plunge fall from being a spiritual sort of lost philosopher a poet theologian he's plunged into having to cope with a very very murky political waters. iraq. bedrock of support for the new caliph ali. the pandering medina he moved this capital here in the face of a growing threat coming from close to the prophet himself. calling for the punishment of off months killers. one of the prophet's wives and 2 of his closest companions. and his superiors gathered an army to do battle with the

new caliph. it came to be known as the battle of the camel. they set the scene for violent conflicts between moments for my companions ali was victorious and top of the bab defeated are you sure withdrew from public life after this defeat. the islamic state had fallen into its 1st civil war. the 1st but not the last. damascus the syrian capital.

and $634.00 and after almost 7 centuries on the roman rule. the city was conquered by most. an army commander was appointed governor of the mosques and later the entire province. i mean i mean look at that he shot me well he and there's an incentive. and that's where you are i mean a home with the idea that the n.c.i.c. who let you lay a pile a him while some high level below i or me there you show me you in shadow yeah and then wow yeah well as luck in a. while you came from the same family of the correct strike the oh my yes as the murdered caliph. he refused to give the oath of allegiance to the

new caliph. many of a man's relatives began to mom but only hand over those killers for justice and the center of a myatt resistance to ali was syria which was governed by a member of a finance family his 2nd cousin michael olea. and $657.00 ali marched northwards to quell malia's mutiny. they met a battle called brushless a feat which was inconclusive and they agreed to negotiate this proved to be a canny decision on the part of me because it's. splits elise support some of his supporters felt that he shouldn't be negotiating as the kale if he should just fight until he does stop missed his power. in january of 661. the dissidents in ali's arm decided to try to wrest

power from the elite. they plan to assassinate ali maju and his i'm a are. the governor of egypt. but their conspiracy ended with only one victim ali the cut. off the 3 decades the 1st chapter. of the russian doing the right to god. was. gonna say that they never do and i leave that would mean i still. really need it any lay in the sense that he is c.s.e. while we have been answered yet when at the end the c.s.l.

know that. i would die shortly. at the. law we emerged triumphant establishing the almighty caliphate. a new dentist no longer primarily religious. the caliphate now begun to look more like a model. in the ruins of anja in eastern lebanon. once thought to be by sometime roman the city was in fact my domain.

they had adopted the architectural style of the by sun timers along with their structures of imperial rule. but underdog numbers this year see a busy water 100 can all of. them islamic hochman bizarre and put out the lead but is it for us or the one in the main the hut they have no desire to see death but there's a. will for arnold good enough where solid insert. under maja the caliphate changed its form. and as a king would have done he named his son yes he as his successor. began the caliphate was not dynastic people were chosen by being designated by fact

trade assessed by groups and he consulted amongst themselves so it was if you like elect even the least this possible sense of the word and that's have a 1st for cain if which chosen by for a consensus of the only muslim community. became color from his father's death in 68. his rule was to plunge the states into another civil war. in medina the 1st capital powerful figures in the most into. immunity we're beginning to build strong opposition to his ear. particularly important examples are abdullah the son of the bear who were challenged ali in the 1st civil war also who is sane the son of ali who had been kailash during the 1st civil war he also

resisted the call for a pledge of allegiance to his ear. to signal his rejection of years it's kind of. seen left medina for america from there he set off for coup for former stronghold of his father. but in october 6th 80 here in karbala iraq has its forces trapped and killed hussein and most of the members of his family. nonetheless opposition to a maid rule was far from over. and done remains a pair refused to pledge allegiance to the scene he described himself as the one who seek sanctuary in god's house and went to mecca sought refuge there easy

decided to send an army against up to ribbons of bad but up to ribbons a bear was saved by the premature death of yours and at that moment in 683 he proclaimed himself. meanwhile in damascus ma you know the 2nd son of yours he was installed that's the 3rd kind of of the my dentist. but within a few weeks he died leaving no son no successor. a power vacuum seized on by the rival caliph and. co yet the model that. let the. 11 exhibit. such as that how the robot will cover a lot of the. iraq. welcome back i need. a new fantasy.

i'm in the jordanian capital. city overlooked by the remains of a bison time castle. and the palace of the inmate govern. the tribes of jordan with a loss to stay loyal to the almighty it's. in 684 a tribal gathering held here shows marwan as a new my youth kind of. lose. and it was his son i did malik would reunite the islamic states under the firm rule of the almighty it's.

the dome of the rock. jerusalem's most recognizable lung. built on the orders of the in my youth caliph domanick this is the 3rd holiest site in islam. but at that time the 2 most holy sites the mosques of mecca and medina lay in the hands of the almighty its rival calif it was obeyed. in 691 as a judge a ruthless a made general set off for islam's holiest place with a powerful army. how dumb ike sent him to besieged mecca. and defeat even so bad perhaps because i'm done i can self didn't want to be too closely associated with the damage to the shrine. i

was just put on the scene. and a desperate miserable. shelter in a slam is most sacred shrine. the kaaba. but the hijazi was not to be deterred and bombarded it with a couple. after 8 months of determined resistance. at his job it was killed in last ditch fighting. was stopped by the management not one and you were 8 though he did know that it's not me yet mother left and jenny that was a new age she as if he had be 2nd in line why behind i can't afford to hide woman just sad to see about that said the many below when you see i've been at the u.n. i don't believe. after 2 decades this kind of demonic the legacy of stability to the sun.

and that foundation. would build a still great and. probably . the capital of modern morocco. it was here in 708 that the armies of the all made calif and reached the atlantic coast. after more than 50 years of fierce resistance by local baba tribes the muslims had finally conquered the whole of north africa. our way but i don't mean that. one of them it missed the crowd water avoided a shock where the shade harder for no obvious.

having been conquered the berbers discovered that this land had much to offer. and began to convert and assimilate. one of them. thought of goodness yet was about to write his name in history. thought. the mountain of thought. gibraltar. southern tip of the iberian peninsula. it was here in the spring of $711.00 torics army of berbers landed after crossing the mediterranean. inside 3 years he had toppled the visigoths rulers. and secured almost total

control of the peninsula turning it into a colorful province known as under lucio. power about me what i can now mostly one problem the army doesn't f a didn't he did. the other thing a didn't he did not follow. along with the great conquests in europe there was more success in asia. muslim armies began advancing towards what is today pakistan afghanistan and the central asian republics. within 10 years they had reached the borders of china. had built the biggest empire yet no. have you know how zima empathy. the general minimal tony i mean it's funny command the general.

we must. command to their fullest coverdell minister 30. i mean lies while you're here. unlike the traditions of earliest. the walls of foresight ombre in the jordanian desert are painted in a by sometimes style. here a well is depicted not as a religious figure but as an emperor. in just 10 years he had made himself the most powerful man on earth.

but the successes would struggle to retain that power. the peyronie's. the don't sing natural barrier between spain and france. in $732.00 under the command of op that often monitors off with the governor of under lucio. them forces across these mountains into french territory. seemingly unstoppable they advance north capturing one city after another. from the left at the unity that's what it is you can see he afford. to be hugged.

and that he and no. limits had to. admit the talk of these to me he. knew i mean how to look. on this field to the north of the front city of. the advancing troops were stopped by frankish army under shock and mocked as. the muslims were defeated and their commander up to rahmani kill. muslims remember this battle of the martyrs young. but european history knows it as the battle of tools of victory but stop the northern spread of islam and save pristine europe. it then came to symbolize

for later historians in particular for the great english historian edward gibbon he saw it as a decisive turning point in the battle between europe and the muslim world and he famously said that if it hadn't been for. charles martel into or we would now be preaching the koran in oxford. this defeat in europe in the reign of the 10th of may it caliph a sham brought an end to a my youth invincibility. and just as his palace in jericho palestine lies in ruins today. is shams death and 743 through the whole state into chaos.

after almost 2 years of all made family infighting over the caliphate one the 2nd emerged as the 14th and last in my youth caliph. for my javelin few of my one being mohamed my one been one gun a. does are the talk. and the arche. absolved by his efforts to contain trouble at the heart of the state the new caliph was oblivious to grave events unfolding in the east. a rather mysterious leader whose remember by the name of a muslim was calling for pledges of allegiance to the prophet's family and he managed to draw a substantial following from eastern iran into an army to oppose a mind to rule. the rebel army marched westward and captured coup

for in iraq. in november 749 here in the city's mosque by on the oath of allegiance was given to the 1st a bus in calif. they proclaimed a man as called abu allah. and he was a descendant of one of the prophet mohammed's uncles and he based his claim to the caliphate on that kinship with the prophet mohammed. in january 715. on the banks of the zab river in iraq the oh my it's led by their kind of i don't want their last battle against the us at all. after a heavy defeat marwan escaped westwards. that summer of the year 715 he was killed by the

a bus. after 19 years and how are you might caliphate had been brought to an end. why the mayans lost power and what exactly happened in the aussie revolution is a difficult question but it seems to be related to this ongoing sense that the prophets family had a right to rule the kayleigh fight and this was a problem of the a my it's never really successfully contained. some muslims believe that the caliphate should always have remained strictly within the prophet's bloodline. this belief would lead to the biggest splits in the history of islam. a split which is still exploited to this day.

the centuries old divide. between sunni and shia. hello the weather's largely set fabric cross the middle east at the moment no great surprises here there are clouds are just around afghanistan pushing over towards to when they start is back to start try and find for the most part that a bit of clout there just around the caspian sea but i think we'll see too much in the way of any weapons being squeezed out of this tyrant of around 18 degrees celsius with 10 degrees higher than that in beirut $28.00 celsius looking pretty good there across that eastern side of the mediterranean over the next few days central areas of the region baghdad and kuwait city rate of around $2930.00 degrees

some with temperature to 4 karate similar temperature to maybe a touch warmer there here in doha where it 32 celsius across the regen peninsula fine dry and sunny does lardy some things up we might just see a little bit of cloud maybe your spot of right into that northeastern corner saudi arabia just around the south or kuwait maybe the old shower too just around the gulf of aden but for the most part there is a good deal of dry 5 and sunny weather drive on a sunny to across a good part of mozambique eastern parts of the south africa seen some very heavy rainfall recently just around 25 celsius here go on into friday it brightens up further where the top temperature 20.

ramping up the pressure of the impeachment inquiry against the us president moves towards a new public hearing. this is al jazeera live from doha coming up spying for the saudis to form a twitter employees are charged in the u.s. for accessing accounts of the kingdoms critics. break up another camp in paris a day off to france's prime minister announces tough new migration measures.