our relationship with. and alan is a problem and with the headlines on al-jazeera the death of a 22 year old protester in hong kong has led to memorial rallies around the city the anti-government movement is accusing police of causing his death but police say they are to blame sarah clarke reports from hong kong. the hospital confirms the student's death on friday morning charging look suffered a brain injury after falling from a car park during a protest on monday but after 2 operations he died of a cardiac arrest was of course. the family wants to tell the media and the people

of hong kong thank you very much for showing your support and encouragement to queen elizabeth hospital in the past few days they are very thankful. child was a computer science undergraduate at the hong kong university of science and technology fried i was the graduation ceremony for many of these students that event became a memorial as his colleagues paid tribute to the 22 year old i think is a very grave day and we all have we all have i think a lot of humble people not just for us the members have a man tall operation for this but still when it comes to fact it hurts a lot this could be the 1st death as a direct result of the confrontations between police and protesters in hong kong the anti-government movement blames the police for child injury which occurred when tear gas was fired on students during a dispersal operation she was trying to avoid i am from the police but you get. caught for them from cop car and so today we are on. our.

also our my. government the police to launch a fleet that's because the government has expressed its regret and sorrow of the death of the 22 year old student standing sympathies to the family but this incident is lucky to further anger the antiques. movement more protests is expected to join demonstrations this week and. high profile pro-democracy activists joshua warm and agnes chow have called on protesters to join the rallies which are now in their 5th month they were charged with organizing a legal assembly in june before friday's court appearance they demanded an independent police inquiry into what they describe as excessive force being used on protesters it's now is the time for the government to step up in the band as investigation on the clash we didn't know and see for truth and justice. the police

have denied any wrongdoing and will conduct a comprehensive investigation into the circumstances of the student's death sarah clarke al-jazeera hong kong. now the senior superintendent of colonies to where the student was found engine on monday morning had this to say about his death there are the queues asians that police officers chased after the man before his fall we must clarify so we must carry a fire that it is certainly falls. lastly we are aware that some that the sins call on others to stage protests tonight and over the weekend. there are also critical comments made online we appeal to members of the public to stay calm and rational. in other news iraqi security forces have shot dead at least 5 protesters in the city of basra and 6 others were killed in the capital baghdad on thursday demonstrators are angry about an lack of public

services and want a political overhaul the u.n. says at least 300 people have been killed since protests began in october well the 3rd round of joint military patrols that were in turkey in russia is underway in near the syrian border with turkey the patrols apartment agreement between ankara and moscow to remove kurdish fighters from an area turkey wants to establish as a safe zone turkey says it plans to resettle as many as 2000000 syrian refugees in the area more than a dozen wildfires opposing a severe risk to safety in the australian state of new south wales authorities say they received reports of people being trapped in their homes around 370000 hectors have already burned well those other headlines on al-jazeera do stay with us the caliph division is coming up next thank you for watching.

that last. century. from the death of the prophet. to the overthrow. of 24. the arabic. which actually in. excess. of the islamic world would call himself. a successor go to. the title of qana. at the time of use. in june

2014. a militant group calling itself the islam mixtape and iraq in the divine or i so. declared the establishment of a caliphate. they call rejected by most muslims around the world. meisel took root and expanded in iraq and syria. 2 countries flung into violence by the political turmoil and foreign intervention of recent years. the turmoil revived sectarian differences go back over 10 centuries to in song and she almost. at the end of the day at that amuse us yes yes and i think what did he in the side just now feel like a fool all to send it all took his assessment a little bit about the problem of you know as

a human you know you're going to have. this is the story of the great split within islam. of how this split a rose from a dispute of who should succeed the prophet. this is the story of the common.

the mosque. outside mecca and saudi arabia. it was here in the year 622 that a delegation from the town of medina made by on a pledge of support and shelter to the prophet muhammad. shortly after he left mecca. and the great thing to medina with a group of followers. over the next 10 years muhammad built the 1st islamic state.

but in june 6th 32 the prophet died in his capital medina. leaving the young state without a leader. there's a tradition that says that the muslims on that day were like sheep on a rainy night they were frightened and huddling together and it's not clear whether or not the prophet had made any plans for his succession. within hours of the prophet's death senior figures in the most and community came to. other to choose a successor to the prophet a caliph. the debate was long and intense. it was the emigrants from mecca was afraid.

he was chosen to be the 1st caliph in islam. and it was so with that i will leave him alone but about the last one was so with deni well that a belly laugh and with. food well home. min the value to him and how there is. but though they were from his tribe. the immigrants were from the prophet's close family the hashemite. the descendants of muhammad's great grandfather passion. at that time in our society the family was understood as a much larger unit collateral lines uncle brothers cousins

and so long all considered to be part of the clan. senior among the haitian minds was a. muhammad's cousin husband of his one surviving don't fall to mother and father of the prophet's only living grandson. under hussein. but when the decision to choose the caliph was taken i was busy elsewhere. at the time of the prophet's death we know that he was ali who was in charge of the payroll arrangements. as a jew to full respectful son and all cousin with caring for the prophet's body. the next day in the medina mosque i walk was given by on the oath of allegiance

by the majority of the muslim community. ali however was not one of them. what happened that day which saw the seeds of a political divide that would gradually evolve. into a deep religious. the division of a slam. into soon and she. if you ask a sunni or shia muslim about that moment of mohammed's death and the decision about the leadership you will get 2 very different aunts as the sunnies suggest that he hadn't actually made any clear plans for his succession eyes death the shia would say that he had and that he was to be succeeded by his 1st cousin and son in law ali. 3 months before his death.

the prophet muhammad made a famous speech here and he had the home. an ancient resting place on the route from mecca to medina. a speech that has been interpreted ever since in 2 very different ways. all people of forms whoever i've been must that. i live here just to be his mouth to. be the support of whoever supports him. and then enemies of whoever opposes him and they feared that through fact. there's this moment where if your silly you believe the prophet. gave allie the leadership of his family if. you believe he gave the leadership of the family but also the whole community.

the prophets been just celebrated by xiang to this day and. each year a feast is held on the anniversary. to commemorate what shia see as muhammad appointing ali to be his successor. but the mainstream majority of the sunnis have no such friess. and no doubts about the legitimacy of a buck and the caliphs who succeeded him. shortly after becoming caliph. i will buck faced his 1st major challenge a tribal revolt against the islamic state. in

this moment of peril. chose unity over division and gave the oath of allegiance to the cult of. eman. back that caffeine limited that in more i e n a says shell i'm ok send. in a film miss anna. that she was the mean while i had a hoofy and he said the sun harbor will walk a fee was she had a kettle and a kind of slam and a hole. at the bottom. of a box room lost it just 2 years. as he lay dying he nominated almost as a successor. 10

years later and 644. almost the 2nd caliph. was assassinated. while leaving dawn prayers in medina. on his deathbed he dictated how successor should be chosen. 6 of the closest companions of the prophet including ali would come 1st together and choose one amongst. the 4 days of deliberation last month was named the 3rd caliph. once again ali had not been chosen. passed over by abu bakar. and then for him the man when he's. in favor of.

the new caliph came from a family of the christ tribe called the or my us. the founder of the always convert to the leadership of. standing in his way was his uncle hashem the patriarch of the hashemite. this rivalry that put fester through the centuries. how that's roots in mecca decades earlier. in the pagan years before the birth of the slack. in the year 610. in this cave outside mecca muhammad received the

1st revelation verses of the koran which set him on the path of prophecy. the emergence of a prophet among the hashemites antagonized the oh my its. and their leader abu sufyan. and. another now been as a bin man. and them a lot of that with a muscle oh i. want to know both of them and i know that. for 12 years the maids led a campaign of persecution against muhammad and his followers in mecca. persecution which culminated in their emigration to medina and $622.00.

but when the prophet returned to conquer america. and realized resistance was futile and joined slammed. by 644. the rising islamic state had expanded into a vast empire. and the caliphate that come into the hands of an almighty. off money. with men was a genius but he employed far too many of his young cousins to me odds where they are stick rat of mecca and they'd been great leaders the pagan resistance and soap or making these characters who were his lovely cousins was also you know a bad political position. a rebellion erupted against off man's alleged nepotism. in 656. and after 12 years as kind of. he was killed and his house

in medina. by the un has. a sufficient lead what was at and in and the nest the half of that in a how in an. academy. in the muscles that. how when and when i can buy that it was had to and i must the hutton islamiya the wily and yes that she. was a yahoo has you all know what i'm saddam. almost a quarter of a century after the death of the prophet. ali finally became the 4th caliph. who are bashed out of the cellar and when i was there when i let you know you knew me about it with a mind of enough than you that it. was

in my been abusive. a sham. many of us mom's relatives were hostile it's all his leadership i'm always demanded that all the 100 of the killers. the dispute quickly escalated. to strengthen his position i removed the capital from medina to his own power base in kuwait from iraq. the islamic state was now divided into. the east under hushing my calif and the west. and there are no my governor. and that was some benefit in which you mean she out here on the would she out it was it will net you know enough and that can limit she couldn't 1000 if he did it and look

meant that more hot didn't win them econet had. his ship forwarded what does it put. in 657. ali marched his army into syria to crush us mutiny. after days of bloody skirmishes and on the last day of the battle. the army of malia was on the 1st shock defeat. in my mind and i'm also that famous malia. malia well that often. you know. that it can. college kind of ingestion of i don't. know who was it that. kind of slots in another i have got to look out of water when

the heads up when i can hold a company. well that it can color that it's. little enough. edited the whole. cover the months akin that the foam on month they have got to be met and then the cut you know. these dissidents from ali's army now add a fixed on the roof this way to bring an end to the struggle. the moment it was chosen fresh dawn prayers of the 27th of january 6th 61. the 17th day of the holy month of ramadan. 3 assassins made their way to 3 different places to fight for. damascus for malia and for style to egypt from.

other last saw the film the officers were killed while a sufficient saw the familiar to be a force that could deal with saudi especially the one on one edge. not just in iraq. a holy place to she almost say. they believe is buried here. for them he is more than a colorful. he has any man. imbued with religious authority that could be passed on only through his bloodline. so when i least the caliphate passed to his older son. but he would not

be long in the post. can i have some to 15 hour they care and no lame. a joy there's a lot while we have there's a lot of media what the fuck are hyla and yet the naz it has an even highly and he would kill a very well camera hasa and. with a one as john our purpose yes human. form. damascus 13 centuries ago the my youth capital. though the caliphate remained in the strike. it had passed from the hashemites to oh my yes. and there it would remain for the coming century.

the crunch point really comes late in the army's reign when he designated his son. as his successor and this was a real touch point for generating controversy and opposition. is each succession on the death of ma we are in $68.00. triggered the series of events that resonate to this day. in a defiant show of opposition hossein younger son of ali refused to pledge allegiance to his ear and set off towards mecca on pilgrimage. on the way. he began to receive messages asking him to come to iraq.

where his supporters plan to install him as caliph. he gathered together his family and decided to move to confront his father's. former capital. unfortunately for st his plan got to the a myatt governor of iraq and he was able to block his route to the city of kuta and so hussein was trapped without substantial military support at a place called tabbouleh. and it was at karbala in october $618.00 that hussien and his small band of supporters met their bloody fate. about the makati team. in middle of folly when the. mill hammer to a. yanni at the math or well how to do it at

the. bottom of the us would in the measure see that. he and his entourage many of his family were massacred and his head was sent to his eat into mask. each year on the anniversary of the battle of karbala. around the world marked the event in public displays of penitence and. extending sometimes even to ritual self punishment. to atone for their forebears failure to support that hossein. it's really seen as the great tragedy of his law from the she respective this is vic the great disaster is that the prophets family didn't get to take caliphate into leeds muslims. but

70 years after karbala. a revolt would finally succeed in bringing the caliphate back to the family of the prophet. the hotshots. this december make the heroes of your asia africa the middle east oceania. to a stage made the niger. make an entrance makes a state pizza deal on becoming spritzed city excited to be sure to say i wanted. this before i. make that go go go. on counting the cost it's the birthplace of neo liberalism but will it also be the death of it we're taking a look at the doctrine and the protests in chile against that kind of money makes

the world go round but maybe there's such a thing as the wrong kind of investment. counting the cost on al-jazeera. how often is a problem in doha but the headlines on al-jazeera because in hong kong a demanding justice after the death of a fellow protest and the student fell off a pocket during demonstrations on monday the police were firing tear gas in the area but the cause of his hole isn't clear they saying a superintendent calhoun to where the student was found and yet on monday morning had this to say about his death there are accusations that police officers chased after the man before his fall we must clarify so we must verify that it is certainly falls. last me we are aware that some that the sins

call on others to stage protests tonight and over the weekend. there are also. online the appeal to members of the public is the. rational meanwhile 2 high profile pro-democracy activists have been in court in hong kong joshua warning agnus child have been charged with organizing an illegal assembly in june once called for everyone in the city to wear black to shoots to show solidarity with the pro-democracy movement in other news iraqi security forces have shot dead at least 5 protesters in the city of basra and 6 others were killed in the capital baghdad on thursday demonstrators are angry about a lack of public services and want a political overhaul chile's president has announced new measures to clamp down on violence as demonstrations continue for the 3rd week sebastian pinera has proposed

tough and penalties for looting and rioting the 3rd round of joint military patrols between turkey and russia is underway near the syrian border with turkey the patrols are part of an agreement between ankara and moscow to remove kurdish fighters from an area turkey wants to establish as a safe zone iran has confirmed that its forces have shot down a drone over the southern port city of marsh r ted and says the drawing belongs to a foreign country but they didn't say whether it was a military or civilian drone more than a dozen wildfires are posing a severe risk to safety in the australian state of new south wales authorities say they've received reports of people being trapped in their homes around 370000 hecht is have already burned all those other headlines on our desire do stay with us the caliph division continues next thank you for watching.

at home i'm a southern jordan. in the 8th century it was a settlement of one of the 2 major branches of the hashemites. the prophet's own family of the christ troy. known as a bus its these were descendants of a law bus one of muhammad uncles the other branch where the eyelets descended from. the prophet's cousin and son in law. in 716 abdulla one of the eyelets arrived in and how my mother with

a strange story. had i thought any been a. model i live in almost any silly men have been many of them a who had. well he i would if he you know medina you know what i shall be modeled for. some minister they met. up the luddite didn't have my mom. but in his final hours he confessed to his our basset cousin muhammad that he was the head of a plot to topple my. boss not a deal with it was only made his be a living i'm a little luck of the and the only min and me in the living and to someone that even i mean by that in a. home a limb you really know me and then i'm going to. walk in them i live. i'm gonna.

be die i live we have. the mohammed. over the next 30 years this message persuaded many islet shias to join the opposite cause. in 746. the secret movement turned into full blown revolution in the eastern part of the islamic empire and what is today the shia state of iran. it's very very hard to say whether the abbasids used the attic. they certainly wanted to accrue as wide a support base as they possibly could and they were sent and he wanted those he supported and cayle if to join them if meant.

within 3 years the opposites had captured coup for. the colorful capital of ali. it was in this mosque that the name and identity of the caliph in waiting were finally revealed. they proclaimed a man as if called abu allah. and he was a descendant of one of the prophet mohammed's uncles and he based his claim to the kayleigh fight on that kinship with the prophet mohammed. and 750. bastards entered damascus capital of the mighty mighty it states. the largest empire yet you know. but in the years to come

they would struggle to maintain the unity of the vast state they now controlled. by the mid century. buses had seized control of the caliphate but did little for their cousins. a sense of betrayal to coal and fermented among the islands. in a bold and dangerous move they declared the rival caliphate in medina. and i busted army was rushed to the city. its roof to sleep crushing the rebellion. in the midst of the but who ordered it up but she knew of it and. of the moment to let the assault of it and then they had

let the corn up in a little a minute be. as she. at low enough she. the sun now facets consolidated their dominance of the center of the state from their newly built capital but that. but they had failed to exert the same control over the provinces of the far away. in 756 and 0 made fugitive prince called abdulrahman reached under new c.e.o. . only

6 years after the collapse of his grandfather's kind of. he succeeded in reviving your made in a stick with. as its capital. and i'm up as a moment over that will send to them what you want to be done about the whole to the defense if you must come up obviously done. a number. one and i bet you know. what i was on a high while the other had the i'm not enough of a club doesn't fit out of that for me or it doesn't fit and those. below made and the written under the c.e.o. was the 1st to break from the caliph it. but it would not be the last.

soon another state at the western edge of the muslim world and the magic would break away from the a bus routes. and this time it would be their own cousins the audience. but at the one another that was that i don't know you you come with some sort of i hate when it's it must look in the event i don't because they don't have all seen the look i thought i thought i took. a lesson on how the fuck else you know and how the whole you healthy. in 788 it did east and alledge fugitive arrived here in the moroccan city of my will a decent room. a city that now carries his name. recognizing

him as a descendant of the prophet's local burma tribes were quick to offer him their oath of allegiance as ruler of the region. and so was born the at the recent emirates the 1st independent state. that is how. you'll get until he. sold off a missile took it off a missile what the way for said if a little. soft because i did and then i did what the rules the world up. is then added that he let me have the money. but with the new and expanding state just 3 years old is to be nice guy. he was laid to rest here in the city that still bears his name.

had allegedly been poisoned on the orders of harun al-rashid. the most famous soviet bus caliphs. the statue of shanghai author and she doesn't invest that. the 2 main characters of a 1001 nights. legendary stories inspired by the opulence of her own little sheets court. the golden age of the a bus in calif it. but that a spot but you know to do nia and then the who had it in that you know you had.

for that the hell could all of them occur in with a few. could not. or could 100 sea island or could not abide island one of that excitement your aunt emma. and that are all she'd scholars began the great task of transcribing and translating the cultural and scientific works of former civilizations. encouraged and supported by the abbas of caliphs. muslims began adding their own scholarship to the stock of human knowledge. laying the groundwork for europe's run of songs and centuries to come. in siena or the west gnosis and the center had written not only philosophical texts but also

a very important treatise and medicine was transferred into latin taking the standard textbook for european medical schools for centuries. but the golden age of the a bus its was destined to be short lived. in 836 the 8th a bus that kind of a not awesome moved this capital here to some era in iraq. it was also to be a military base for the caliphs new army. an army of turkic mercenaries. toughened by life on the steps of central asia. an army. that would soon erode the power of the caliphs. but that i'm certain i will be yet died she and she and i mustn't and it all more

if we don't and i by see how you like that martha sim milat that iraq was wow i'm a sob and know when at 80. 847 here and some era. turkic army commanders installed a motto a kill as the 10th of a bassett calif to. do. and for a century to come. they would effectively root the caliphate. appointing deposing torturing and even killing a string of 12 caliphs who were little more than puppets. yanni. me was sherry at the county. of us but you know what's even worse what.

the caliphate really had become a symbol and we had no effective power anymore and in the muslim world we had a motive of different political regimes in the various reaching from what is today spain to this up asian continent often this period is seen as a period of decline because of these political divisions. but it wasn't just a matter of the slow fracturing of the state. as its western edge and new threat was on the rise. this small town on the 2 newseum coast would soon emerge as the seat of a rival caliphate. and this new caliph would not be sunny. but shia.

iran heartland of shia islam in the modern world. today shia make up around 15 percent of the. global muslim population of more than one and a half 1000000000. and their belief it is the title of eman a not caliph that confers the right to rule. the vast majority of shia in the world are known as 12 years. they follow a hear read a terry line of 12 a man's descended from the prophets cousin and his wife fatima the prophet's daughter. a line ending with the last eman al mahdi. the 12 or she i believe holds that i'm madly disappeared in some era and 874.

he will reemerge at the end of the world as the ultimate savior of mankind. you know sharon is benny in the mimic a male human being has shia. militia to get a 3 year look lou to let her know how i'm here with if he should lead it at a shoot when the. home. and body were bit 30 feet in a hoodie in. thought about it will. be well a ship liberty. but this holy commandment was no protection against the deep divide than she belief. of cause

i'm a a mosque back that. the shrine of the man who marks the division of she has him into 2 strands. it is the tomb of the 7th of the 12 years in man's. cause i'm. who died here in the year 71009. of those however dispute his status. they consider the real 70 a man to be his brother is my. they came to be known as this my. the 2 over. which additionally. not interested or did not strive to take political power because they believed that they were waiting for the return of the man the so that at that point the righteous regime would be installed and anything in between would basically you have risen to rule and in

this land. for the ismaili shia. there was to be no waiting for the return of the man. by the late 19th century. there preaching the taken root among the berber tribes in north africa. the new movement was on the rise. with this roots firmly in the shia tradition. added an outward and higher up and after. all i've been a couldn't sleep and the thought of off. yet again for s.s. how dekha vet what. but the head oh what. bait. in the year 909 in cairo on tunisia. all by the law

a man claimed to be a descendant of this my was declared the caliph of the 1st ever shiite caliphate. it would be known as the phantom and after the fall to my daughter of the prophet muhammad. an ancestor of all the men. the concept of the ismaili caliphate is completely different from the opposite kind of thing because of the claim to divine inspiration and divine guidance which the thought put forward they certainly developed institution which was theoretically completely different from the past that. the fatah meds now began to expand their state westwards into the market.

but this would lead to a clash with another major muslim power. and soon the islamic world would find itself in a surreal position. yeah . by 912 they were made emirates in under sia was over a century and a half old. ruled from cordoba by the 8th m.e.u. obdurate among the 3rd. after crushing all rebellions. and uniting under the sea and he looked towards expanding southwards across the

mediterranean. yes starvation and of the fighting the caliphate in what is now the new view. of the men big threat for them i yes terms of the political control of the body but it is that excess that india. to strengthen his position. in 929. the raman declared the under the sea an emirate an independent oh my god caliphate. 3 centuries on from the founding of the title the islamic world was now divided between 3 colors. to sony and one. the ultimate result of that really was

a decline in the value put on the notion of the caliphate itself so it leads to huge risk it's politically speaking within the community as well as the religious differences that these different caliphate signal. in but that the suffering of the abbas of caliphs continued under turkish military domination. but by the mid 10th century a new force had emerged. the boy it's a persian then a city. but an end to turkish control of the caliphate. but no boy was home shia. live and nor. shia in a manner that i'm older look at the american warner well no lovable and of the i

have the sunni when i'm out in the been done to become clearer. we're still was to come for the our bassett's. and $969.00 a phantom it on me captured egypt. 3 years later the forefront the metallic and noise abandoned his capital. and tunisia and headed east. for the next 2 centuries the newly built city of cairo which serves as the seat of the shah kind of. the fatah it's considered back caliphate universal so ideally they wanted to expand that palace from their original base in north africa back into each it on into syria and ultimately to encompass the whole islamic well they weren't able to

achieve that and will instead happened in the 10th century was the islamic world became divided between a number of different caliphates. meanwhile in the west. a storm was gathering. christians uniting under the banner of the cross. were looking eastward to conquer the holy lines. the approaching struggle could not have come at a worse time for a divided muslim world. and for the caliphs were at their weakest point as they turned to face the crusades.

a story 1400 years in the making. a story your success. as jesse you know tells the story of what the client of guinness. and the women are . the count of. 3. 0.

hello that had to scouted thundery showers across central regions of south america particularly through will sudden sections of brazil it doesn't if you will cost in ri as we go through friday and on into south of a not cold very $26.00 celsius on friday and then look at this we've got a fair amount of cloud across central areas and across into power. through saturday and the temperature was again rising to 35 but corn in one is areas with a high of 20 degrees the middle so fairly heavy rain into central america the cloud here is a really covering much of panama on into nicaragua further to the north. but to nothing particularly heavy southern sections of mexico we have. also were

a wet couple days in mexico city the high at 20 wanted to please me while up into the ninety's stacey seeing a huge system work its way south just so we feel. this some rain in there but sort of fizzled out across the sea. also just a cloudy day on friday the rain pushing off the eastern seaboard but again cooler in the wake of this system just 8 celsius in washington d.c. and then on saturday the senate temperature but the cat bubbling up into new york and will snow flurries likely across into toronto. whether sponsored by chance on a. russia has jeopardized the united states security interests we know what you are doing and you will not succeed perceptions from the outside looking. into the picture from the inside. i think russia's foreign policy is too soft to be a most russian goals to be achieved not. even russia all knowledge is

is. this is al jazeera. hello and welcome to the news hour on live from my headquarters in doha would mean of the 4 and i'm coming up in the next 60 minutes vigils are held in hong kong as police deny any responsibility for the death of a student question protests. the high cost of calling for change security forces in iraq kenned least 11 the protest is also unfortunately we are in uncharted territory to soft money.