and toward we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that matter on the edges iran. hellman is a prominent are how in the headlines on al-jazeera hong kong has confirmed its economy plunged into its 1st recession in a decade it's been blamed on the increasingly violent had taken and protests and the escalating trade war between the u.s. and china students have blocked parts of hong kong for a 5th day they're calling on the government to commit to holding local elections on november 24th probably fried has moved from hong kong earlier today friday again we saw more of these flash mob type demonstrations in particular here on hong kong island especially in the central business district with hundreds of people taking

to the streets joy and it has to be said by many office workers using their lunch hour to join the protest bringing the central district to a standstill and then it largely dispersed with later on during the afternoon with no outbreaks of violence no clashes that we have seen earlier on that this week there has of course as we know been a big change this week it seems in some some of the tactics being used by the protesters very much more targeting the working week the means of transport of people getting to work be it the subway system or highways and still at the end of this very long week we have some highways are still blocked there are still standoff between populations of students at various campuses around hong kong where they have built buildings some fairly formidable now defenses with police riot police standing outside not taking the bomb. in other news iraq's grand ayatollah

ali al sistani has condemned attacks on peaceful protesters in the country and says that none of the demonstrators demands have been met meanwhile they have been some confrontations between police and protesters in baghdad on friday the iraqi human rights commission says at least 325 people have been killed since protests began on top of 1st the government has taken some measures to address protesters grievances but many want a complete overhaul of the political system natasha good name has the latest. i've been here about every day for the last month since october 25th and protesters have been as passionate as determined and as clear in their demands as day one they want the current government to resign and elections to be held the government is making promises all reforms to appease protesters there is a draft of a new election reform a law that needs to be reviewed by the parliament 2 former governors in babylon and

basra have been charged with corruption related offenses corruption is a big issue in this country protesters allege that there is a widespread government corruption and as a result none of this oil rich countries revenue is trickling down right down to the poor basic services that they're left with the day and day out at a few days ago more than 1600 protesters who had been detained were released so the government is trying to quell the protests or anger but there still remains quite a divide between the protesters and the government. now there are reports that lebanon's major political parties have agreed on a nomination for the country's next prime minister will demonstrators gathered outside the house of mohamed suffer the angry at the polls sufi has been accused in the pastas involvement in high profile corruption cases the former finance minister could replace softer t.v. he resigned amid ongoing protests now the u.s. is all south korea to pay more for the presence of american soldiers in the country

after pressure from president donald trump well so already pays washington a $1000000000.00 but washington says it wants $5000000000.00 and that demand a straining a decades old alliance. turkey has deported 7 german citizens it says a link to i saw the 2 men 4 women and a child landed at berlin's airport overnight their deportations a part of an effort by turkey to repatriate isis fighters held in turkish jails they flood her to talian city of venice is facing another exceptionally high tide the government's declared a state of emergency their prime minister to say calm to its promise and compensation for residents and businesses more than 85 percent of the city's historic sites are under water well those are the headlines on al-jazeera the caliph is coming up next.

the caliphate. a form of rule in a slam. that lasted for almost 13 centuries. from the death of the prophet muhammad. to the overthrow of the last ottoman calif and $920.00 for. the arabic 10 for caylee for aids relief which actually in essence simply means a success at all or a deputy. the ruler of the islamic world would call himself clifford resort in law the success of god's message. through the centuries. the title of color is a term that has been used. in the time abuse. in june 2014. a militant group calling itself the islamic state in iraq

and the levant or ice or. declared the establishment of a caliphate. they call rejected by most muslims around the world. by so reached into the past to appropriate the title of caliph. the group claimed its leader abu bakr but the dead. as a descendant of the prophet muhammad's own tried. to look into it and i don't know what i should want to cut off when i had a bit of flesh. that could have been opposed and out of the flesh usually they have shabby outward but i don't see any maybe if you'd have a look. this is the story of how the title of caliph began in the prophet's tribe. and how 9 centuries later

the title was used by people of a different race. how different dynasties rosenfeld. ending with the decline of the ottoman caliphate. this is the story. of the caliph. saudi arabia. the holiest city.

was here in the spring of the year 571 but muhammad the prophet of islam was born into a family belonging to a tribe called. more covered less as i am of the just a lot of me to just get out of here. what i can that. modifies the as well be that then i'll be what i use gonna die is not something up up. 61 years later. homage to medina the capital of the new islamic states. the problem of success in. one thing seemed clear to you kind of hard to come from the prophets trying.

they had the in front of a milk the i that i love being in lefty had the. lack in how the us and the other to have a shot of your own womb is emanuel it's no me other than a few in my day one why and again after. all of that if you listen to him. for 300 years after the prophets death the caliphate remains strong. but by the mid 10th century. the most of the road had from. divided now between 3 colors all 3 descendents of christ.

in centuries to come one by one. each of those 3 kind of fits would crumble and fall. to or forward. go to the space. capital of the under the sea into my youth kind of. distant from the way you did a study that drew from the mask. in the 7th and 8th century. the death of the 2nd caliph as hakan. in the hof a century of chaos among members of his family. and

1031 the 9th and last minute callus the shan. was forced to stand down. the uncle of the most of the. a look on the board in the lobby what you know. yes you know. you know full well. that out of. the. yeah. cross the mediterranean the 40 minutes in cairo also fell victim to better inform the in 102106 college attack.

mysteriously disappeared in the book at them hills outside his capital. his death almost certainly at the hands of his own family. would be the start of the fact that it's long claws. from the late 11th century onward. is increasingly losing control of affairs and that the political and military elite are starting to take over the state. in baghdad. the ambassador was suffering a similar thing. by the middle of the 11th century. missal jukes a rising turk in a city that seize control of the caliphate.

i love the moon well in but out the. 11 via let me. why in the am i gonna shout son but. the subject rulers were the 1st to take the title song tong. an arabic word meaning authority. and in the trials to come the defenders of islam. would be sold thongs of known arab birth. plaquenil fronts. the structure of pope urban the 2nd pointing east.

in november 1095 from the city. he launched a christian campaign to recapture jerusalem in the holy land from the muslims. the crusades. clear more was planned by the pope to. be with you really so it's his authority to declare war. and attend 96. the crusaders set out on arduous overland eastward journey. and. after 3 years of demanding travel and fierce battles. they finally reached their goal. in july 1099 kristie and

it's captured jerusalem. there's a major massacre listens died jews dead even some eastern christians who the pins in recognize as christians died and the chroniclers from the crusaders perspective present this is vengeance for the blasphemy that these saracens had done to the jesus's holy city of jerusalem. for another century sturdier jerusalem had surrendered to the 2nd caliph of this land. but in 11009. 100 songs to confront the marauding crusaders. a slam faced a burning question where was the count of. the

about at that point had no military which they could have sent the father caliphate they had lost their syrian lands to. local warlords so when they saw the crusaders coming in they probably were quite happy to see that these was up us we're now facing a major problem with these clearly quite strong military contingency moving in from europe. large areas of the levant were occupied. divided by the christians into 4 distinct fiefdoms. but after half a century of crusaders success muslim slowly began to fight back. but it was not the caliphs were led the fight.

damascus syria. in the middle of the 12th century this city was the capital of the zinc it's a turkish dentist founded by a magic. the governor of northern living. in 1144 he had secured the 1st muslim victory against the crusaders. wellwood him out of the heart asked him out of the shadow. we have an interest and that he intended. and to. be and then to be in kenya. in 1146. succeeded his father in the struggle against the crusaders and

deliverance. 2 decades later he would be fighting over another crisis. one of the habits of the stock full of as putting this all to me. moving is inky and you say dolphy watch out so let me in such a subtle ascended call what time you can mature of course a lot could be said. after 5 years of not. should call noted deans kurdish general succeeded both in defeating the crusaders and seizing control of the fata that's kind of. cool. he was succeeded by his nephew salaheddine. the man known to the west

a solid. so he thought that his political career as the was leader of the falcons so he had to acknowledge the supremacy of the father he kept the for 2 years. but in 1171. the last switched his allegiance. bringing an end to a hospice centuries of the faults of the caliphate and declaring egypt's loyalty to the op asa college in baghdad. why that this is but most certainly is that i've been had one problem that he had no legitimacy so the main selling point for so he didn't throughout his career was about kind of. the cost of jordan. one of the largest crusader forts and the levant.

from this powerful position the crusaders began to harass muslim trade caravan. threatening even make it so. unified the syrian and egyptian political landscape and the only remaining. you would polities with it was say the states so it was natural for them to move again. in july 11th 87 here in northern palestine but the place known as the horns of a dream. is crushing the crusaders. 00 . 00. 004 months later jerusalem surrender. this time not to an arab calif but to

a kurd soltani. michel but can you make me feel beautiful if. and if allowed bessie get. life and. let it be when it was leaving be shaken out like a lot of different. check in. the defeat of the team was a turning point for the crusaders. driven back to a strip of much to rein in coastline. they consolidated their position with massive costs and strategic points like side 11. but just as this threat to the islamic world was subsiding. a danger of even

greater proportions was gathering strength. this time. in beasts. an ancient school in. built by their basset calif. it was part of a desperate effort to recapture the golden age of the early our best calif. in 1242 and most awesome succeeded his father as the 37th calif. but he would soon face a new danger. the approaching. boards.

of the patients by the mongols overall was seen as the major turning point in the recent history and when the moments came there was a clear sense of. the way of holding things. they will continue to. generate 1258. the mongols reached back. within 2 weeks the opposite cup it's. been brought to its knees. the caliph and the stasi. execute. the great city reduced to ashes. a 500 year caliphate come to an end. it was a moment that was but

a watershed but also a confirmation of a situation which it actually existed for quite a long time. some spell has evolved that it was if not any great significance because the real power of the abbasids had faded away hundreds of years ago when they were just sitting around in that baghdad's palace and that their existence had very little meaning for the majority of. islam was now in peril. the only remaining hope was the new soto's of egypt the man who looks. brought the slaves from central asia to form an army for the e.u. bits. they had supplanted some other deepest interest.

in september 1216 here at the in general in palestine. the member army but the mongols and that's. was a decisive victory for the most. the member looks at save the muslim or. other tenuous legitimacy. was about to be strung. that was a member of the boston family who managed to escape from the slaughter in baghdad and make his way to cairo where the mamelukes of egypt subsequently recognized his descendents as kate lives in cairo and derive benefits in the seat from this kind of shadow puppet caliphate. bolstered by the caliphs indorsement in 12 months you won. the man looks put an end

to 2 centuries of christian crusades. acre. the last crusade the fortress on the mediterranean was captured. meanwhile in anatolia a new muslim power was on the rise. a power which would carry the banner of islam to the gates of constantinople. in 629 joining the life of the prophet muhammad. the 1st ever battle between muslims and by sun times took place here in. southern jordan.

the fight ended with the muslims defeated and their withdrawal to medina. but the setback would be temporary. the great progress. as of constantinople still back. stumbled into the paper on that f. and the miss that one alicia 50 how these letter costantini of an m.l.a. meet him it'll have any measure. you can you can only see the stumble if. you read. first of the 10th and 11th century constantinople is described as the apple the ultimate prize that someday muslims will win and often the taking a constant no pulis presented almost apocalyptic terms of something that will bring on the final victory of islam.

that final victory would fall to the ultimate ends of turkic most i'm trying to emigrate from central asia to settle in i told. them and they give these a month i have the wit to shut lot of my demon of it the protestant on it died in it is that in a quarter to that yet. then you stumble a little. april 14th 53 minutes army siege to the great city. 7 weeks later the all timmons back for their way to constantinople.

and as the victorious. entered the city through this gate. an 800 year old prophecy had come to pass. this involved importance was known to muslims and also for european christians suddenly one of the major capital those of kristen them had become a muslim. good just as they tasted the fruits of victory. at the far end of the mediterranean. 800 years of muslim civilization. was about. to come crashing down. the qur'an doomsday cultist would hundreds of followers to

a tropical paradise. one o one a statistic gates the secretive sect accused of abuse and violence in fiji. on al-jazeera. helen is a problem and with the headlines on al-jazeera hong kong has confirmed as economy plunged into its 1st recession in a decade it's been blamed on the increasingly violent anti-government protests and the escalating trade war between the u.s. and china parts of hong kong were blocked off for a day from a bright has moved from hong kong earlier today friday again we saw more of these flash mob type demonstrations in particular here on hong kong island especially in the central business district with hundreds of people taking to the streets joy that has to be said by many office workers using their lunch hour to join the

protest bringing the central district to a standstill and then it largely dispersed with later on during the afternoon with no outbreaks of violence no clashes that we have seen. in other news iraq's grand ayatollah ali al sistani has condemned attacks on peaceful protests in the country and says none of the demonstrators demands have been met meanwhile they have been some confrontations between police and protesters in baghdad on friday the iraqi human rights commission says at least $325.00 people have been killed since protests began on october 1st there are reports lebanon's major political parties have agreed on a nomination for the country's next prime minister demonstrators gathered outside the house of mohammad saffi angry at the reports saturday has been accused in the past of involvement in high profile corruption cases. turkey has deported 7 german citizens it says a link to eisele the 2 men 4 women and

a child landed at verdun stiegel airport overnight they deportations are part of an effort by turkey to repatriate foreign members held in turkish jails. the u.s. has all south korea to pay more for the presence of american soldiers in the country after pressure from president donald trump well seoul already pays washington a $1000000000.00 but washington says it wants 5000000000 and that demand is straining a decade's old alliance. the flood head to tally and city of venice is facing another exceptionally high tide more than 85 percent of the city's historic sites are under water the government's declared a state of emergency there the venice lagoon tide picked on tuesday at the highest recorded level and 53 years well those are the headlines the caliph continues next back you for watching.

the on from brown. muslim sitting there well it's. one of spain's most famous spawning woods. for more than 2 and a half centuries this palace in granada was the scene of the last. the last muslim dentist in the idea of insulin. sas a jack one day or they don't pick a new or a no not study parcel roads with a straight up and if they get the new york body or they. qualify to the court of

the president of all circles he will not get to do that a pickle michaelis over this is the notice with either tonight on basis. in the early 8th century. muslims conquered most of the eye derian peninsula the province they called and that of sia. her. but the compering on me was on able to drive home their success. the remnants of the former rumors the physical fights took shelter in the mountains in the north. of the cult of the water that it's cool to look at if you want to show that it is when you allow. the d.-day academy to be to the e.c. a lot of the. mountains of northern spain

would become the cradle of new christy kingdom. thanks. kingdoms that would start a holy war not a complete stop to reconquer by barry and peninsula and and what they saw as muslim capacious. last. can. laugh that it will cause all kind of look at that did anyone see if he. can it's a party to feed his body up. look at that it's a gun and do 70 m. hota hai no in minutes you know i mean the old no i mean it's how dad hokum no i mean it's so i did it. and $1031.00

after the fall they're made promises of called the ball. under the sea i broke up into several minor city states. easy prey for the christian. help was needed from across the mediterranean. america she. founded in the 11th century last couple of the moral of. this berber then a stain on the success of. the young walks across the sea to under the sea and to

confront the threats from the spanish christian kingdoms. done wonderful in it i wanted to know is that it also i don't know that the hut that we know that's a symbol to muddy will go to what in your feet does the see what you missed in the few minutes of those. but oh heck if the let the humbleness only as a whole jihad if it defend one if you know that and then knows. the whole while the other one. more than a century that it. was held at bay. until the year 1212 when the christine kingdoms of custody. are gone. portugal united against the morning. here east of cordoba. a battle took place which immortalized the name of this man

for the. us thomas thomas. forces were heavily defeated by the united states. but i can. go to the head of this wasn't going to be why don't we all know that you know if it's not if. he has even. with the enough him out of the above i don't. pristine forces continue to press south winds and by the late 13th century the muslim presence in spain was reduced to the tiny mustard kingdom of granada. genesis. and its many who did what was team. and

medina the couple hook animals up the shore of the lie that's why me to forget it was kind of fame how would you need the money idea to win with. this animal it's a world with. no you're doing it hope. it is you she's using it as. in 1491 united on me's over to christine monex green. and king fernando vida gone they'd siege to bring out the. muhammad the 12th the not so it's a long sentence desperate for must for help. but this time there was no answer.

was. he. come. in. was no sign of help appearing. in the city surrendered to the spaniards. done on bought her. son. well. you know we. come.

in january 14th 92. the spanish and 3 grown up. on a computer stuff. was completely. awake and then we sure. got off. the scene and that was really. i'm a national couldn't x. could not do well and passed by and a father for that i think. 1492 . marked the end of muslim rule in spain. could.

not same here christopher columbus arrived back in grenada. he broke news of his discoveries to a sponsor. is about. a new world was about to open. while the muslims were about to start fighting each other over an old title. the count of. 1453. istanbul. no longer called constantinople was made capital of the old time and. an empire at that already made inroads into christian europe.

but the soul tom was remains lay here in this mosque of the difference from. selling the 1st came to power in 1512. 5 years later he had toppled the mom looked in history in egypt and triple the size of the ultimate empire. when the altman's conquer egypt taken from the man. they can claim to be protective of the holy muslim sites mecca and medina and they feel like in harry the mantle of being k laughs from shadowline of apostate cain ifs in cairo. so ponce you are

one of those who didn't feel you get it too real we didn't cover the stone wasn't right that it got it. hard if it did it didn't quite get it or really can get away that you stumble but you don't think. you could turn it the way we can do it and hung it's door to course one kind of a lot of the. but it is the. the topkapi palace. legendary residence of the martin. says. that 1517. the sultan's awarded themselves another honor targets of. the most annoying centuries after the foundation of the kind of 6 that. the title

had slipped from the hands of arabs on the floor of. the prophet strike. the ottomans don't seem to have made a huge amount of being k.f.c. and whilst they did claim the title it was more of an honorific or something that indicated that they were 1st among muslim on. so the ottomans were not initially in the 16th 17th 18th century really claiming to be universal muslim really. yet after a slow decline of 3 centuries. the successors of these great ottomans all tones. were turned once again to the caliphate. and a desperate attempt to rescue their falling empire.

the. palace istanbul. the residence of so far not the the 2nd who came to the throne in 1876. he was a skilled carpenter. crofton most of his furniture. as he chiseled in plain the carpenter salt on was contemplating the gradual loss of territories. by the late 19th century. much of the ottoman empire was disappearing

from the mouth. of the yet well a couple he left at that but if it got to jemaah islamiya it's something that's monumental joe how would. you add that what you thought of cricket at. the moment that the bonus money and then another minute. it had been at. the bottom just i mean cut them down or else funny and people moved the of a but she's a cut the head need be you need not like he's us the onion and medina know what. you them as a mocking nothing. but the soul tones attempts to exploit the spiritual power of the title kind of could

not save. in 1909 after jaime was deposed. mythical shaw was installed as the 35th so-called ultimate states. and go his coronation was mocked by lavish traditional festivals. in truth he was powerless. little fishies book is that a divided or smaller then let the they stay down all small a day that did it up the pa the shouted out at me i may fade out it here because that that i keep good memories beautifully true that it be a good goodbye you commit to god of the year. in nov 19th 14. the ultimates entered world war one on the side of the central powers. cold evil in the name of the

colonists a war that refused this austria for the coming. on the other side of the treacherous western powers song i'm not sure. but if i can put in the caribbean monopoly on my neck and back and may summon monopolists not to. he went up. when he got it from going to how did you end up. a friend and said that somebody in the dhamma to have been a formal result of the men who survived. and to encourage the arabs to rise up and revolt. the british too would turn to the ancient power of the coliseum. and the person of. the gusto to get as much. mad as shit if the same night the super hornet ashcroft even i would listen

to the white. house and identify the. most. wanted a he had been in kidney of some of. the 1st. in june 1916. what was called the great arab revolt erupted in. a desert region in the west of what is now saudi arabia. under the command of sharif. and with the advice and the help of a british officer. lawrence. forces of france northwards supported by the british one tacked on to prague. within 2 years in 1918 the joint forces had taken the whole of the levant and iraq. in october of that here

an armistice was concluded. the ultimate suffered a humiliating defeat it. and july 19th 80. 4 months before the end before the war one. a new soap on this program. he was to rule over what was left of your thumb and. virtually nothing anatolia and his stuff. but even this would soon be lost.

just 2 days after the end of the war french or british troops marched into lucky boy in the autumn and company. and i told you was divided between the western powers. to make it what do ya is it and they can't take this all respond they that. it's. in the is not easy on the d. other want to change a bombs is strong that it has to yoke. turkish nationalist resistance broke out. after 3 years of bloody fighting. the turks succeed the brits and it's.

only a stumble was left occupied. and then it was a small town now if you would by nationalist turks as a traitor. if they can go to select a new cousin it was me that they looked at it to follow it up and leave their culture so they're not obliged to the same instead of. the it up shit is. i know as a monday signed. but i don't want to mustn't use them yet. kashi given the steady lead. in. on the 1st of november 19th $22.00. the turkish national assembly abolished the sultanate. 2 weeks later. when he did deep soul town and calif. left the dome

a budget palace. the residence of ultimate rulers. through this gate bound for exile. optima geed the 2nd was chosen to hold the now largely symbolic tie to come. to the kitchen with a bomb says they got it down the aisle for that at the. civic now that they can order up on the lead up to the one you think call them will see the same thing as that of it all the bush and bush all molly that how well they did it there ought to be many that. good on the 3rd of march 19th 24. the last vestiges of the caliphate were

dismantled by the new turkish republic. the title of the university of islam. a title 13 centuries old. and been terminated by muslims themselves. to much. the last autumn in color. was sent into permanent. washington dualists not me i'm a predator she. knew before but he. figured i'd almost. be. one of the top of the market here. before you jump. that high you feel india. the name your lot.

all that. are called the called. the. honey if you think there should be there's the. fear. that caylee is meant to be a universal figure who draws support from the misnamed community as a whole that is obviously not the case with a bucket at the back that long historical record also shows that when people can gain broad based consensus that caliphates automatically becomes invalidate. the color for just such an extraordinary entity. as an outsider i wish that the islamic world like you had something represent all that

. traditions of political violence or civil war what about the other side of islam which i'm afraid the west doesn't really. eat. eat eat. eat meat. this descent make the heroes of europe asia africa the middle east oceania. welcome to a stage made election. day conventions makes a state compete for the on becoming one its best. the site will be sure to say i want to be. with this the full account. that's all you'll go.

hello again to welcome back to your international weather forecast well here across parts of south america we are watching one funnel boundary it is bringing some very heavy rain here across parts of southern brazil and with that some thunderstorms could be an issue by the time we get towards the afternoon so for rio here we do expect to see a rainy day here on friday 27 degrees but by the time we get towards saturday that front moves a little bit more towards the north the wind shift around from the south it's going

to be a little bit drier as well temperatures dropping to $25.00 but more sun in the forecast there unfortunate cross parts of central america it is going to be quite rainy over the next few days this is been the trend see though some storms popping up on the satellite image right there to the north though it is rainy as well across parts of the yucatan but really across much of the islands it's going to be that really scattered rain showers just in the afternoon so for cuba and i stay few though we are going to be seeing a front pushing through $25.00 degrees here as we go towards saturday and for nasa it is going to be rainy as well and for the east coast united states we are watching one weather system pushing up the eastern seaboard. board moving quite slowly bring quite a bit of rain over the next few days folks for atlanta it is going to be about 9 degrees coming to about 13 degrees there but for new york expect to see your temperatures go down and by sunday it is going to be a cooler day with right in the forecast at 5 degrees there. sponsored by catalona. going me many up as i put it up

from questions to my special guest and challenging them to some straight talking political debate here on al-jazeera. this is al-jazeera. hello and welcome to the news hour live for my headquarters and may end of the prologue i'm coming up in the next 60 minutes all eyes on capitol hill as the former u.s. ambassador to ukraine testifies as part of the impeachment inquiry into president donald trump. iraq's grand ayatollah condemns attacks on peaceful protesters as crowds gather in baghdad for another day of demonstrations. sri lanka's former.