i thought but you know. there's some other like. i don't aren't taking on the top stories on our jazeera the u.s. house judiciary committee has been formally receiving investigative findings in the impeachment inquiry into president donald trump lawyers from the democratic and republican parties are presenting their case for why trump should or should not be in pain based on recent testimonies and other evidence trump is accused of withholding minute to aid to ukraine in exchange for an investigation into his political rival and current democratic presidential hopeful joe biden democrats say the president's actions present a clear danger to u.s. national security 2 days ago president trump stated publicly that he hopes that his

personal attorney rudy giuliani will report to the department of justice and to congress the results of mr giuliani's efforts in ukraine last week to pursue these false allegations meant to tarnish vice president biden president trump's persistent and continuing effort to coerce a foreign country to help him cheat to win an election is a clear and present danger to our free and fair elections and to our national security but the republicans say the democrats don't have enough evidence in their case to impeach president tom this case in many respects comes down to 8 lines in a culture in scripts let me say clearly and unequivocally that the answer to that question is no the record in the democrats' impeachment inquiry does not show that president dr abuse the power of his office or obstructed congress. impeach

a president whose 63000000 people voted for over 8 lines in a car transcript is boni staying with us politics and the f.b.i. has been cleared of political bias and an investigation involving the president the justice department's internal watchdog says it has found no evidence of political bias in the opening of an investigation into contacts between donald trump's presidential campaign and russia in 2016 the inspector general says the f.b.i. probe was opened on a legitimate and properly authorized basis. police in new zealand say they do not expect to find any more survivors after a volcanic eruption of the country's eastern coast at least 5 people were killed on white island and at least 8 others are still unaccounted for 31 people are in hospital talks are underway in paris between the leaders of russia and ukraine the meeting between vladimir putin and below to me as a lenski brokered by the leaders of france and germany is aimed at ending the 5

year conflict in eastern ukraine ukrainian officials say among their demands are a last thing ceasefire in the region and the exchange of prisoners campaigning in the u.k.'s general election has entered the final stages ahead of thursday's poll by mr morris johnson toward a fish market while campaigning in a labor held seat in the northeast of england for labor leader journey home an address crowds in bristol funding for the country's health service dominated discussion on monday with johnson criticised his response to treatment of a young boy who was left sleeping on a hospital floor. obviously i want everybody to have the best possible experience in the n.h.s. and so did i but i have every possible sympathy with people on the whole again they just do a wonderful wonderful job and i support the my city but we need to be pretty muddy anybody anybody in the truth who would as a club the tories have had no years to fund our n.h.s.

properly. it's time to bring the regime join and an electoral labor government is determined to fund our n.h.s. properly russia has been banned from the wells top sporting events for 4 years for tampering with doping tests and running by the walled anti-doping agency will prevent russia from competing at the 2020 and pick games in tokyo and the next football world cup among other global sporting events russian athletes will still be able to take part under a neutral flag if they test negative for performance enhancing drugs the ban comes 5 years after a government sponsored doping scheme was uncovered. as the top stories do stay with us of the big picture the china complex is next ok at how ancient china helps to explain the modern country more news after that thanks for watching.

many cultures tell the story of a great flood. chinese mythology speaks of tarantula grains being set upon the earth by an angry water god flooding the land for years. one man didn't look to escape from the flood or ride out the storm in an ark but to overcome it. his name was you and he built a series of downs and canals to channel the rising water to control its flow. he engineer order of the chaos allowing his people to survive and to flourish.

you would become emperor and his deeds would become legend. today the story of modern china 5000 years in the making is still a story of order to struggle to keep it against the forces that would take it away . we have the belgian road initiative military is also expanding yet how can you argue that it's not perfectly poised to be the superpower. chinese version or thor attorney we're not recipes for or content without influencing the whole world in

the whole world. image. it is ingrained in the chinese culture that the top dog is no fun and china has no bizarre idea to replace any country to be the top dog. used to say history and everything else must serve the people only the party represents the people the party. controlled in the rating of history. china once ruled the waves. the chinese empire stretched across east asia and its influence reaches far as the edges of europe. for almost 2000 years from the 1st century b.c. e. china was a leading world power full of invention and adventure a center of global trade. underpinning the power and wealth was the principle of

order which bound together a vast and i keep ing it from collapse. 252300 years ago the chinese world was united on the one leadership of that's when this very idea or way ideal of a china order was put in practice so for the 1st time a singer. go or 30 unify the whole known world they call the chinese world or china as we call it today the time called the chain and that's where the word china comes from. the chin dynasty had emerged victorious for a prolonged period of wars between rival states and in the year 221 b.c. it's not about creating the 1st chinese empire. it introduced a common currency and a standardized language across china. the chin imperial project was built on

a strategy designed for war but republic is to maintain peace this system known as legalism applied strict laws and severe punishment as a way of keeping the empire and its people in order legalism emphasize on the use of force clear use of force discipline control and empower wish individuals so there are state is strong right legalism is pretty make it kind of hard core manipulation of human beings if you will. legalism was a ruthless strategy designed for state security and to keep state power its emphasis on order board principles originally meant for social harmony that had emerged some 3 centuries earlier and based on the teachings of one man.

can fish is a maybe that the most important to think or. for the whole history of china. basically he's idea about the old it is about the rich or the reach of god is the order of eve you are not follow. the practice of reach all of it can be thought of as of side. that order really starts from within the family the important social relations that are built within the family so the father and son are parent and child the key is the is relation ality. whereas western thinking prizes the individual and things of the individual's relationship to other things but with the individual at the center china china has is one of those cultures where relations are much more important and people are defined in a sense by rules. if

a society observed to these roles lived by behind morality and sad respect the hierarchy that confucius laid out. disorder. is renounce these lofty old traditions. confucianism and promoting legalism. period we saw the rise of this philosophy known as legalism what did legalism look like in a historical sense so the relationship between ruler and rude is defined almost like. men and herds are sheep you know you manage people you root them right that come listenership top down to earth or your structure is a core so the went to cover the cost the power is clear there so for that you can talk about the humanitarian soft kind of our rituals confucianism is famous

for but you rule you covered with the doses of force yet no i would say in today's world we would define confucianism as one of the 3 pillars of the chinese civilization and its key element i would say emphasizes order based on your attitude and ethics now legalism basically would leave everything to the mercy of the law if anyone is in violation of the law or a particular code for example the penalty or consequences will come after him i would say confusion is very able to maintain stability for the long term that way they have a problem with that legalism is actually very simple is used in law and force in law in a very harsh way you know is what the lays down nothing in terms of what people want or they don't want the confucianism is the really big issue all that have been

set in the name of confucius through about 2000 years if you can bring poor conclusions back from the grace he cannot reckon. them all the things that were done in his name were completely against what confucius himself taught in what way if you reduce confucianism to is most simple form is not order is not a hierarchy is to the right thing in the judgment of history it was a subsequent emperor us from the 2nd empire. down who tried to conscript confucianism and gave it elevated into a kind of a state religion status and they and in the process also mix it with legalism in order to have both the legal mechanism to control as well as they can of ability to claim a moral authority that you must all duties in the name of confucius.

in early imperial china mall of course he came from a source higher than human something altogether more divine the job of the rulers to create order and if you create order and you have a stable society and you help provide for your people then you will have what we translate in english as the mandate of heaven you will you will be a legitimate ruler. the mandate of heaven and me was an ancient chinese creed that distorted moral authority on any would be rula . without this mandate an ember lacked the divine right to rule with it came the responsibility for what was called. literally everything under heaven with china as the middle kingdom at its haunch. a ruler is someone who doesn't simply impose himself he's someone who helps lift people up support them or give them the means

by which to support themselves the key feature is this intimate connection between the ruler success and the people's prosperity. the jinns connection with the chinese people based on fear or short lived. the mandate from heaven and authority over 10 was lost as the people rebelled against crucial chain rule. in 206 b.c.e. that mandate was taken on by a new dynasty the one who cloaked the legalism with the deliberate return to more masterful confucian ideals. it was a master stroke. the 100 for another 400 years. at the beginning of the 3rd century c.e. china entered a golden age 1600 years of unprecedented growth. the 3rd to

the 19th century so chinese civilization. the silk road the trade route connecting china to central asia and the new east reached out ever growing china's commercial and cultural reach ever deeper expanding the horizons of. following the hand one ruling dynasty to another town to song ching arts science culture and calmness thrived. pioneering advances in china's maritime a military technology increased its power and its influence. the chinese exported silk porcelain and tea across continents many nations a new culture into china's idea of under heaven and challenges particularly from europe to its place at the center of the world. by the time we get to the

16th or 17th centuries china has major merchant groups across different parts of the empire as well as those who are trading with southeast asia in this period of time china is a very prosperous empire china standards of living and its commercial sophistication in large measure where the equal of that of europeans into the 18th century it really laid down foundation of a particular chinese political system in practice it continued all the way to the 19th century when the europeans came in. china was in many ways europe's equivalent economically in terms of its prosperity certainly in terms of the numbers of people it could feed and the

stability of its political order is challenged in a new way in the 1900 century by a new type of foreign power led by the british who have built the largest navy in the world by this time the british the colonial empire is expanding rapidly they move into east asia on the lookout for colonies so they want to have access to the chinese market they want to sell opium which they go to india to the chinese the emperor refuses. famously says you know you've got nothing to offer us we're not interested in your goods the whole idea was that for the sake of successful british trade an entire gigantic nation could be turned into a nation of attics. but the chinese effort to resist in the 1st opium war was a disaster for the british as part of their bounty take hong kong and this then

becomes a process y. which the british occupation of hong kong spreads over time into other major cities in china the so-called treaty ports of entry many of the most important. become of the foreign control. the world's praying powers moved in on a wooden and be ruled in china shorn of its land and it says. britain hived off the city to port city of hong kong for itself well france germany russia and the united states secure that are an access to ports as well as rights to trade back goods and to spread the word of their christian faith defeat in a war against france would fall on $894.00 defeat at the hands of an enemy close to home would rock china to its core. what we really course the empire used to get shaken. was the war that the empire i fought against japan

and all for their control of career korea was one of china's tributary states and the last it was the idea that china was being defeated not by some norden at vons utopian powers like the british empire of queen victoria. buying inferior neighbor japan now that we've the schick empire and that was the point when things started to change in a crumb had to way they were searched solidly to feed they did. what it has done what you heard from 839 was defeat after defeat after defeat after defeat and their point chinese were and the chinese agreed there is salt china the chicken diners the was the center was the most powerful most the serialize the nation

but to the big their big surprise there were defeated. confusion and conflict reigned across china as it ceded territory 28 in forces from overseas and battled rebellious at home. in $1011.00 the imperial system that it kept order for more than 2000 years collapsed under the weight of a nationalist revolution the middle kingdom was now a republic. the new nationalists republic joined the allied forces in the 1st world war only for china's contribution to be betrayed as the treaty of versailles ended the war and handed chinese territory over to japan. it was another slap in the face . on may 4th 1919 and by the impotence of our leaders thousands of young chinese took to the streets demanding political and cultural transformation we came

to be known as the may 4th me call for a move away from tide confusion more as i was to lead the nationalists to reform the government kuomintang party became tea and model china's government but at the same time it inspired that the nation of a rival political force. before us moment prepared for the chinese communist a moment but i actually got a lot of the ideas a lot of the activists for the came to a moment where the 2nd. is that all share the common view about the old ideas are to be abandoned so in communist ideas and then lead to the creation of congress party and i need 21 and they talk gradually the civil war and saw so force. these 2 distinct blocs with 2 distinct fissions force out

a bloody civil war the right to rule a chaotic disordered china. by the mid 1930 s. became t. happy upper hand forcing the communists to retreat on along much north across group china. it was this long much that saw the emergence of a leader who would be his policies and his country's destiny. the long march occurred when the communist forces the side to break out from the mountains in the south of china mouths of the lead that long march and that's when he emerged as the strongest leader in the communist party the carters of ma would go into the villages and say will you join us because the mandate of heaven is being lifted from those who are corrupt those who have impoverished you those who have given their country to the foreigners. will you rise up with us. i

am. 937 japan invaded china 1st 2nd time nationalists and communists came together to fight the japanese occupation as the 2nd world war convulsed the nations of the east and the west. the war would end in 1905 japan would surrender. the chinese communist and its nationalist government can only fight against each other. in that 8 years of war while the. central government fought a north number of troops and you put in and the communist party focused on expanding by the end of the war the communist party had about a 1000000 men on that ho. the communist party of china received an

enormous absolutely enormous amount of military hardware from the soviet union. china's civil war was not of the grand narrative. with mao c.c.p. bolstered by the soviet union and the king and t. led by general chiang kai shek drawing its support from the united states. the u. s. was investing a lot in china and they were very much betty all their relations with generally so much on pay checks rejean as well as the jones family and after the end of the 2nd world war i seeing the united states made the wrong bet. the k m t it lost the battle for china and embarked on

a great retreat to the island of taiwan where it established the republic of china that. on october 1st $949.00 would declare the mainland the people's republic of china signaling had another shift away from the failed old order and the end of what many chinese saw as a century of humiliation. the chinese communist party under mao for the 1st time had a very deep or mobilisation of the whole chinese society for a political purpose moscow tried to a bear there all these are you could treat it with western powers saw the career

china as a more than those who stayed. should be treated by other nations. in 1950 mouse modern nation state and the korean war joining the soviet union on the side of the north against the us backed south. china was to be reckoned with alongside the world superpowers it was a bold statement on the world stage. dong would then turn to matters at home. beginning with the so-called 100 flowers campaign in 1956 the communist party invited open debate on how china was being governed so they said let a 1000 flowers bloom big trap yes they've learned they said oh great now we're going to express ourselves and i could as of that i have different views and that the purpose of the blooming was to have them expose themselves actually. dissenting

voices were silenced. critics were purged from universities and from the c.c.p. many condemned to hard labor some executed. was imposing his own order confucian thought was replaced by melted. set out in his little red book and setting in place a strict authoritarian rule that was rooted in himself and in china's curial past. the last time i spoke to him he told me he was thinking of. the world wants to see syria's fighters up close and personal but those behind the camera pay the price filmmaker yes it is you made these chillingly intimate footage on and behind the

front lines cost him his life his body was going to an exclusive documentary syria the last assignments on al-jazeera. in a world where journalism as an industry is changing. fortunate to be able to continue to expand to continue to have that passenger drive and present the stories in a way that is important to our viewers. everyone has a story worth hearing to. cover those that are often ignored we don't weigh our coverage towards one particular region or continent that's why i joined al-jazeera . bit of a strange day to start these interviews we just heard today to city of aleppo has fallen. or should we say liberated. one. for astonishing stories tode in their own lives how did

you know who to trust not to trust. a stranger came to town witness on al-jazeera. hello 19 and on to the top stories around jazeera the u.s. house judiciary committee has been formally receiving the investigative findings and the impeachment inquiry into president donald trump the lawyers from the democratic and republican parties are presenting that case for why trump should or should not be impeached based on recent testimonies and other evidence trump is accused of withholding military aid to ukraine in exchange for an investigation into a political rival but republicans say there's no evidence that trump abused his power and the democrats maintain the president's actions present a clear danger to u.s. national security 2 days ago president trump stated publicly that he hopes that his

personal attorney rudy giuliani will report to the department of justice and to congress the results of mr giuliani's efforts in ukraine last week to pursue these false allegations meant to tarnish vice president biden president trump's persistent and continuing effort to coerce a foreign country to help him cheat to win an election is a clear and present danger to our free and fair elections and to our national security. staying with u.s. politics and the f.b.i. has been cleared of political bias in an investigation involving the president the justice department's internal watchdog says it's found no evidence of political bias in the opening of an investigation into contacts between donald trump's presidential campaign and russia and 2016. but he's a new zealand say they do not expect to find any more survivors after

a volcanic eruption off the country's eastern coast at least 5 people were killed on white island and 8 others are still unaccounted for. syrian activists say more than 18000 people have been displaced in rebel held province in just 24 hours syrian government and russian air strikes have intensified despite a cease fire announced by moscow in august. talks are underway in paris between the leaders of russia and ukraine a meeting between vet amir putin and vladimir zelinsky brokered by the leaders of france and germany is aimed at ending the 5 year conflict in eastern ukraine which has led to the deaths of thousands of people there's the top stories from our desire to stay with us the big picture the china complex continues next hour we're back after that with a news hour in half an hour to join me then if you can. don's

leadership of china was being built on a harsh imposition of rules at once landing from china's past as well as trying to break from it if you really analyze modern thought the idea was punishment ching idea basically is a legalism wrapped up with imported communist physiology mao was a master of legalism right he played legal these tricks better than most of the competitors. plays next trick in 1058 now we're trying to transform china from a struggling agrarian society into an industrial powerhouse. where . he called this transformation the great leap forward. particularly. when.

much headway when. it failed. agriculture was the black tent and when china was hit by severe droughts famine wasn't demick. a human catastrophe reply across a faltering revolution. estimates of the death toll range from 1000000 to over 50000000. by the utes above an hour to put on its hunnish ice sheet i was an all boys on the johnny you cheers and cheers in the guise of the you in the answer goes only they should only use will tell you you mean. this about a 1000 you modern ones or you're simply there are 2 that are hurt by you sit back and bad you won't she's a modern goaltender you even jensen. thank you so how do you know we disappoint and

then that's holtz horton says although you may use only the symbols in the goings on just on the subway that we can handle use in one's home. mal blamed his policy failures on droughts and the communists and liberal reform is sympathetic to western capitalism who had to be. the public may have had an unshakeable faith in their leader but his authority at the top of the communist party was still vulnerable to rivals. and so in 1966 now would again lean on legalism reigniting radical fervor among the beattie and young chinese to purge capitalists and reactionary forces from the communist project he called this new plan the great proletarian cultural revolution. given the thought that was until my guys and you got the marks says i want to miss them than buckle was so that if you millions died and clothing

mobilizing young people who tortured or struggle to death teachers so we're talking about 12 year olds 14 year olds beating to death teachers . it was ultimately a vision that created massive unintended consequences. by empowering people to rebel and to create authority in distinction from the bureaucratic authority under the guise of this movement because of the breakdown of normal social and political order. created great chaos . as it nears its end at the turn of the 1970 s. the cultural revolution had claimed upwards of 2000000 lives and removed men. any of the most powerful challenges is now an ailing mts dong. the sick leader was

presiding over a sick country ravaged by the very policies designed to lift its malays. china had been left behind by the international community and now law and order disputes had also left to strange from the soviet ally mao was politically and physically weak in need of a shot in the arm for his country and his command. it would come in early $972.00 and from a most unexpected songs president nixon was able to be a great statesman and he realized that if he made a dramatic gesture to mao he might be able to overcome the stored unary hostility and lack of good faith between united states and china at that time next of course had been a classic anti-communist but if a major communist country like china could be times against the soviet union that

was seen as a. i mean just after the us global strategy and more particularly with regard to the vietnam war where both china and the soviet union were helping north vietnam if one of them could be initialised in some respect that would help and i think the intervention sooner rather than later following nixon's visit there is momentum to normalize relations which is achieved by only in 1976. and that creates an economic space that will increasingly be taken advantage of china began. opening in a cautious way towards the rest of the world amal had no interest in transforming the system by the oil knowledge. and i want more effective specific. in september 976 dong the founding father of the people's republic of china died.

this time from morning miles death gave way to the need to fix the problems he had left behind. in 1978 a new leader young sapin twice posts from the c.c.p. for pushing economic reforms took on the mandate of heaven and looked to purge china of mass folly. mile was a stunning just on steroids with a destructive streak when it comes to culture systemized satiate and the finer things in life for others. nobody. in chinese history has done more to destroy chinese civilization that. was what help people in china back to put it very mildly and that is evolution that happened under the banner of communism but failing you don't think that mao was communist at

all can you explain more of that in my view he used communism like he used so many things to get power and stay in power so now looking back at the 1st 30 years which is largely on the models dictatorship was a tragic very tragic d. torch on history in other words the chinese spent so many lives so much time so much wealth getting nothing other than this take a nation model don't try to change china but a worse changed in the previous century new china was actually quite an irony initially it looks like a new but very quickly become a great leap backwards. allowed me to disagree to certain extent even though there are many bad economic decisions the chinese heavy industry development for example irrigation and very importantly land reform was completed

in the 1st 30 years of mao's struggle therefore i think we need to be very objective as to what model did he was not a 100 percent evil person he was not a 100 percent good person for example he did huge made huge mistakes but also in essence i think if we think about mulder don't obey he was a great chinese national he had the guts to stand up he had the guts to rally the chinese people behind him he had the guts to really stand firm on the world stage he had the guts to stay in power for ever he had a guts to ruin the country is one matter. his mission his impression was not just china he wanted to liberate the whole humankind if you will we were little we're taught one day which we're prepared to liberate the 3 chorus of human beings who are suffering and like us so that's our mission and on a 10 a monkey today there is still

a slogan says long live the grandest solidarity of the people of the world great solidarity of people the war on the home that's the question victor do you have that similar memory though i disagree with the professor quite a lot i would say when they. came back to power. he was the paramount leader and he was prosecuted quite a few times i'm out through what evolutionists so he probably had more reason than any other single person to really. overturn mao's position in the commons party of china or bomb the chinese people however he said very objectively and i think this is the greatness of been shopping that mao was wrong 30 percent of the time but he was right 70 percent of when you look at him our you really need to look at his totality he was a great man he was a great poet for example he was a man of great impact that's for sure whether you're like him or not mao will be

recorded in chinese history whenever the chinese nation would still survive several what was your memories of now how do you know i don't remember now i don't think we should be trying to remember mark because there's a personal emotional thing we should be looking at as a historical figure and fair checked you with what he was asked as to why don't you show ping has to say that 70 percent right and 30 percent wrong what else could he have said he inherited power from morrow he was one of the closest of mouse left tenants. in her written in her terms of power was transmitted to the communist party of china if the shopping go to tell and to morrow the communist party would have civil legitimacy to stay in power in china in

the late 1970 s. how could it do so turkey's do not celebrate christmas. was not interested in continuing laws experiment covers him in a victim of the great people's court or he was going to make sure nothing like that ever happens in jail in china china started opening our reform. and abandon more confrontational approach to western powers domestically and china under deja baird than some of the maoists social economic policy they shall be encouraged introversion private sector even to some degree market the colony so china reform its social economic system to give people more so more freedom social economic freedom he would call that system socialism with chinese characteristics he basically says what really matters it is productive it and

he used the famous saying it doesn't matter whether a cat is black white or really back has is that whatever its color would catch mice . the signs of change are very evident in any chinese village or toe market. these are private stallholder selling their own produce a touch of capitalism in a one stock trimming company stay. right. dumps are being removed the shackles from chinese entrepreneurship. here conduct china's foreign policy extend their warm welcome. 2 american leaders and their investment dollars. downs liberal economic reforms allow the private ownership and the new special economic zones like gleams like beacons of profit for western businesses. don't also restored china's confucian bedrock it was an attempt to

revive an indigenous culture to deepen communities and to help remodel a nation but for the chinese people growing economic legacy would not be matched by greater political freedom things are being laid down the limit of how much reform can go so freedom speech political participation a limited by how much the party allows you so you cannot challenge a party's power modernizations meant you had to industrialize in the cities but it also meant that you had to educate people so you have to sort of the advent of a much larger student class before these people were more rethinking than before and at the same time they were absolutely necessary this general process of reform brought decisions by the chinese leadership to send tens of thousands of service or ultimately hundreds of thousands abroad. with the hope they

would come home and use those skills to develop china they were also exposed her other ideas and the west's there were a lot narrowly economic. ideas our cultural ideas about politics and. some of the students and chinese were abroad quite attractive to what i saw. no ideas were splitting the chinese communist party reformists played for increased liberalization political as well as economic well for hardliners such ideas threaten to expose the party hierarchy as a house of cards despite the differences party officials availed themselves of the opportunities opened up by private enterprise corruption was growing as fast as the new economy. removing corrupt and incompetent officials as well as unrepentant maoists from public office was a charge taken on by the c.c.p.

reformist general secretary who yell bung. but in 1987 coleman leaks of student protests against a corruption and growing inequality the c.c.p. blamed for the unrest forcing him to stand down 2 years later in april 1990 he died of heart failure. his passing away was a moment for the chinese nation to pause and to recollect its which for example and to recall what happened in the house revolution what happened since 978 and i think a lot of people at that time were not very happy about some of the political situations in china. because was lost to protest students felt aggrieved that who you are banks legacy was being disrespected by the c.c.p. pushing them once again to stand up against the state. grief now merged with

anger frustrations over corruption rising prices growing inequality and needed political reform cocked back to the may 4th movement 70 years earlier by early june 1909 heated passions cement on the streets of beijing. a toxic brew was about to boil and one fact. they are at. 14 or soon you'll be a sound all of what you can contend she may tell us the way they used to make that south indian woman a chance woman discipline and something that she plays on. they can't what is you what you want isn't he can safina how. i was intended square and the broadcast to one the people to be. the.

one to persuade the students with joy but a lot of students don't want to do it that. was what this kind of thing doesn't beat the temptation chances i don't know are the heights and some in the assembly are saving people was at the beginning i think they tried to avoid. there real. was. but then you have a lot of the cause or maybe talks were. stolen by by depicting.

want to make onion cost me money. which made me think that. the home. itself was a quad so long. to bring out the people's liberation army on the people p l a we have to emphasize shocked horrified everything that was not something i think how could you do that. when you're sent in tanks you're going to cause death tax to arrest individual people they roll i

thought dozens of people all at the same time the bottom being a triumph for the hotline but then they had betrayed the confucian background type of thing because of this whole hierarchical notion of the universe the benefits must flow down before respect can flow up and the young must revere and respect the older people at the top. the kickback to all of that. you cannot kill your children. it seems that don't really want to do you or is economic growth as a way of maintaining stability in china i mean you mentioned you worked with him you knew him what seemed to be his personal mission as a man and as

a leader just through from your experience having known him and helping called himself the son of the chinese nation and i think he really meant it he wanted to have the chinese people getting rich live a better life and he would work very hard to push china in the right direction under him pragmatism was very much emphasized and practice became the real test of the truth ever since 1978 china had 2 pillars to stand apart one is maintaining stability at all cost the 2nd the pillar is to keep peace at all cost whatever that happened in beijing in 1980 that was a great tragedy whether the situation could have being handled better yes of course everyone in china now should learn that lesson that we cannot have a revolution if you have an opinion you have a grievance you have

a suggestion that cetera. say that in a peaceful way don't resort to violence don't result to a revolution whatever the big lesson that the chinese nation learnt in $989.00 gave rise to the subsequent 30 years or so of varied rapid economic development in china we as a nation should be grateful that china did not disintegrate or did not collapse as a result of whatever that happened in beijing in 1989 or do we have heard just a one reading of what happened in 98 in my and i really inspiring no means is shared by every chinese so there is no such thing as a chance nation has agreed reading of what happened i mean in a way where you have just mentioned is a rather of fish or interpretation or fish narrative the british great then that's your kind of agreement with the official narratives about what happened. after 98

in why the communist party still desire to stay in power forever but for where it lost a lot of legitimacy with the people so how do to the company should the go or stay in power whatever you try to please people so often that he not becomes part of 2 things are quite important but has some positive consequence as you mention economic development and letting the free enterprise is growing so that's called populist talk and the 2 is the really tighten up of social control and management penshoppe in was a pragmatic and also a great tactician in a sense that he lived really took that legal is prescription for extreme he clearly was very pragmatic and he eat care about getting china's to developed and modernize and be rich and be powerful but he's also never given up. on making keeping china within the communists framework and using the party

us to key in shipment to deliver them and in terms of international policy i think what failing state is very right done shopping was a master strategist he followed the old man in his maxims that the top of this world will sell you the rope to hang themselves and he completely capitalized on that and play on the generosity of the united states and europe and japan to help china to mordor nice and unspoken part of it which is that when we are ready we will roll. china had been biding its time lending lessons from its past for almost 5000 years . successes and failures seared into the song of

a nation history repurposed as policy. the 20th century was drawing to a close and china was once again daring to be a great world power. people need to look as a central government for the restoration of stability and order. to duping is on way to become an almighty common vaguer china from an american perspective there's a rising strategic threat. they will be rich it will be powerful he looked 2nd to none. in the minds of an off there a terrible dictator of the last thing you do is back down.

hello there the hate is still very much in place across much of australia there's also want to show is on their way sunny father to the south into tasmania and quite a bit of cloud just really a clipping areas all the victoria so as we go through the heat is continuing 36 celsius in sydney this will not help the fires the wind is a fairly strong. rain at the moment but that is actually set to change meanwhile into western australia 34 degrees celsius in getting even warmer by wednesday 38 and that of course is 100 degrees fahrenheit but it does by then begin to cool off

a little bit across the eastern areas it's still very warm there through the interior attempt is that well above these coastal figures and we should tools the end of it begin rain into that so east coast to sydney and up into southern queensland meanwhile we have welcomed their way across by thousands of new zealand it's a cloudy day for the most falls into cross church on tuesday and then it should be feeling warm and by then we've just parsing through the north on it but it's mostly dry for both days and then we had up towards the japan and again here we will some mostly dry weather conditions and rain is off to the east which is not c. bad. on its way but dry in tokyo 40. on the counter because $48.00 trillion dollars to save the planet can call the trading bring big polluters to heel silicon valley of the algorithms. that discriminates against women of people of color plus putin shown by the west

completes his pivot to the east counting the cost on al-jazeera. al-jazeera. hello nor intended this is the al-jazeera news hour live from london coming up as arguments for and against impeaching the u.s. president continue in congress a review of the f.b.i. probe into trump's 2016 campaign finds no political bias. tens of thousands flee it live as russian and syrian government forces escalate asturias and barrel bombings on the rebel held province. at least.