your child has their arms the whole robin in doha these are our top news stories lebanon's month long protests have turned violent security forces fired water cannon and tear gas of demonstrators at a faceoff that lasted several hours more than $200.00 people were injured demonstrators say they're tired of waiting for the government to fix the ongoing economic crisis while in the next few hours libya's warring sides are expected to come together for a peace conference backed by the un warlord khalifa haftar launched an offensive in april attempts to negotiate a cease fire broke down last week at a summit in moscow hashim alba has more from the german capital. this was the moment libya's arch rivals were supposed to agree to a cease fire prime minister phases and warlord in moscow for

a meeting brokered by vladimir putin and the. but after walked out of the last minute the collapse of those talks has been a setback for international efforts to end the conflict many are now waiting to see whether leaders from 12 countries can achieve what eluded put in an add on in moscow and persuade rival factions to reach a truce while the bill in conference is trying to do is get agreement between the states meddling in libya to stop their support of the warring parties problem is that western states are not ready to put pressure on half thoughts front office in particular the u.a.e. so the promise is that performance will many controlling it in ring hollow german chancellor angela merkel is pushing for a permanent ceasefire in libya and implementing an arms embargo but that may not be an easy task libya has been marred by an armed conflict for years. is leading an

offensive to capture tripoli backed by the u.a.e. eurabia friends and russia the general has brushed aside reconciliation efforts. he's intent on. defeating his opponent as prime minister of the international recognized government based in tripoli. any talks taking place when tripoli is under a question is an absolute disrespect for those who are killed for the sake of democracy it is a disrespect for those forced out of their villages and cities have to has a list of demands he wants armed factions in the west to disband and his libyan national army to take over he's also made it clear that the military and maritime deal said was just government signed with turkey should be scrapped for the leaders attending the berlin peace talks the libyan conflict has reached a tipping point violence is on the rise and an arche has paved the way for

a wave of mass in areas to join the conflict raising fears it could be a prolonged and spillover threatening your security that's why the international committee is determined to end war in libya. berlin. well in yemen at least 38 government soldiers have been killed in an attack on a military camp in the northern region of my web some reports say as many as 60 died sources say who the rebels were behind the attack. the 1st migrants from a caravan moving north through got of are have been allowed to mexico there were scuffles at the crossing earlier central american countries are under pressure from the u.s. to stop them reaching the border most of the migrants are fleeing honduras at least 6 people have been killed by flooding and landslides in southeastern brazil rescuers are trying to find people buried under the mud officials say this rain just fell in just 24 hours. did the u.s. house impeachment managers have filed a brief laying out their arguments for charges being brought against president

trump the senate trial has formally opened with opening statements expected on tuesday the white house says the proceedings are a brazen and lawful attempt to overturn the results of the 26th election. east africa is seeing an increase in swarms of locusts adding to fears food supplies could be limited to the region still reeling from floods and drought kenya is one of the worst affected countries the insects flying together by the millions that have destroyed hundreds of thousands of hectares of crops and some of the world's most vulnerable areas those who have lots more news in half an hour next on al-jazeera it's face to face mandela and the clerk.

at my heart for france the nowhere journey no back on their. forehead or broken off their status often nobel peace prize winner. i would also like take this opportunity. the power regulate my conversion of federal law. a president f. government here had the car to. go and make. that terrible wrong at the current to our country and. through the imposition of the system of about. december 1993 the packed house and on to city home owners nelson mandela the hero of the anti-apartheid struggle and frederick the clear the last white president of south africa i've years ago. people would have seriously question the sanity of anyone who would have predicted that mr madela and i would be joining the

disappearance of the $99.00 if a bill. yet both of us. are before you today behind the coty of school chooses the 2 leaders are at olds and the tension in the country is at its highest in the us. we're living below bowden's. we disagree strongly all key issues and we will soon fight the strenuous election that plane against one of them and in my own country not withstanding the cement the spro quest which we have made. all the 3000 people have died in political violence. since the beginning of this year mandela and declare partners as much as rivals to characters representing a cruising catholics engaged in unwilling to move to solutions a political and personal june that was poised to put an end to one of the most

racist when the plants. 7 kilometers west of cape town nelson mandela was a prisoner for 18 years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the 1st black law from in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the african national congress to fight against the apartheid regime and i many people feel that it is useless and for a future for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government

was a block is only a savage attacks. under defenseless people. in 1962 mandela was arrested 2 years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was 46 years old. during his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost 3 quarters of the population in the state who responded with increasingly savage repression. in the 1980 s. the country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the national party regarded as a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his

most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in 1971 f. w. as everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. one must remember that his father had been a very senior national party politician it being president of the senate his uncle had been prime minister so he was deeply. involved in the whole growth and development of the national party mr de klerk was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was call but i think to his credit one was always that he was never in favor of a security solution for the country never in 71 i still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed

idealistic could bring justice in the early eighty's. i came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in justice that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of a part they separate us. in the early eighty's nelson mandela returned to the mainland after 2 decades of brutal detention he was transferred to post more prison then in 1988 to more comfortable housing within the victim 1st the prison about 100 kilometers from cape town. for mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the

justice minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. and so p.w. identified a team of which i was the head at the time they start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my $988.00 until easily they met some got 50 times or $48.00 times every week for hours on end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an african a nationalist mandela use that to get to know the minds of the africans the minds of the national party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasn't possible he knew more or less how to treat that. both at home and abroad calls for mandela's release grew louder and gained more support for his party the

a.n.c. represented him as the symbol of the anti-apartheid struggle. in early 1989 bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. i relented in august his former minister frederick de clercq age 53 took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. on december 13th 1989 mandela left the victor vast the prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain her face the president's office for the 1st time the black leader and white president found themselves face to face.

i did not have. high expectations of a 1st meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my 1st meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that 1st meeting was to get an understanding of each other. do get a fee to for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much taller than the expected and he was also a very impressed by president of best demand others are aristocratic bearing it goes we must remember that that mandela was actually raised to be the prime minister of the paramount chief of the 10 booze so you had natural of natural sense of authority very dignified a very charming after that 1st meeting they was the feeding that yes

we can do business with each other so i did the expect that the would be positive about the colon sick of negotiators but we both of void did talking about their real challenges and their real issues at that time it was a sizing up proces and serve that was the beginning of of a along and sometimes very very rocky relationship unfriendly the 2nd 1990 the eyes of 30 $7000000.00 south africans were turned towards keep ton for the opening of parliament politik declare quiz about to pronounce his 1st a general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to a new direction it is time for us to break out of

the cycle of island at do breaks through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided other following the prohibition of the african national congress the ban africanist congress the south african communist party in a number of subsidiary organizations ease being nice and people serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in 1009 was faced with a choice he knew that the country's economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about the more oppression more police more military and destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock

a figure that ended the war and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a.n.c. because they were communists but now communism is dead sanaa we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change. the clear speech was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of the clerk suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart the siding there must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a firm decision to release mr mandela unconditionally i'm serious

i'm serious about being this matter to finality without dealing the speech i made on the 2nd of february 9090 contained a package of measures. of which the release not only of nelson mandela but also of all political prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency i tried in that speech to address each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators in town and they had all of the t.v. cameras they needed to use. how and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the 2nd confrontation between the 2 men one week later at the president's office. i

announced to him that he would be released on the 11th of february. and the 1st reaction was it's too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a.n.c. and it was one of the things of me will you are my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the 11th of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be in east.

on february 11th 1990 at 5 o'clock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see nelson mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. after 27 years in jail a free 71 year old man returned to his home in so wet a hole determined to win freedom for his people. after 4 decades of conflict the adversaries met over 3 days and put ischia an official building in cape time in may 990 the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting a court image there are bound to be difficulties but there is cautious optimism as well as faith and conviction that problems will be solved by negotiation.

and i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and you just saw that i think it was. overwhelmingly framed. it was like people who came to gather for the 1st time we didn't know each other but who wanted to meet each other. that was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. we suddenly realized on both sides that we had to work out jointly and collectively. a way forward and a duck to responsibility rests on us nobody else can take that response and you can imagine. with the background of the participants. 2 sides that has been fighting each other. for the hammer. suddenly being.

of course there's a measure of mistrust. we do know al qaida still 3 us when. we didn't know. but the point is we had to agree there's only one way to discover. that is to me. is striking feature. of the discussions. which will head. if you're in the last 3 days. has been that cordiality. we have had. discussions on sensitive not. in a spirit of conciliation and understanding. despite the signature of a peace agreement 4 months later the relationship between dick clarke and mandela was

tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a.n.c. supporters from the hoser ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar freedom party made up of zulus and led by monks who to buthelezi. is not just say it is the voices they are the. truth the leaders the people those who can only assure that the beginning of a real wall is going. oh. more people got killed in south africa between 10091904 than were killed by a part of forces in the entire history of a part that there was a natural competition between the eye of p. and the a.n.c. u.t.s. but it was aided and abetted by the former military and police people called it the

3rd force. the 2 big black groupings fighting and a 3rd force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading police teats and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence we're working with elements of the put to lazy party and the soft course was how mundane the came to use that label and to and and to accuse the clerk of the statistics. 100 thank you and. the national party has got that double edge and for the negotiations process on the one hand. a talk about reform and change. that. they still want to hold on to

economic and political power he said you see you don't care about the life lives of blacks that tell us you are now that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even after we had given you our commitment even when we have been doing better had to discipline our people and you behaved in this way because you don't care about black life i think the accusation that i didn't do enough was unfair and that was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed judith to judicial commissions of inquiry the one commission of inquiry came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes they were elements in the security forces against

my orders against the policy i've laid down who continued with politically this iraq tough underground activities that resulted in the dismissal or early retirement of a big number of very senior officers the credit cards the difficulty he had to walk a tightrope he couldn't just walk into the military camp and say. give up your arms the sea is taking over he had to take he had to move very carefully with the police and with the military. and he did it slowly and and nelson mandela has indicated that he understood that so there was a game that mandela would put pressure on him. to disband and to end this that for violence and that that would defend. as the 2

leaders exchanged accusations about the causes of the violence talks continues and a conference was soon organized could desa the convention for a democratic south africa to discuss the country's future institutions 300 delegates took part the a.n.c. and their allies demanded a majority electoral system where blacks would be dominant in the government declared his party wanted various measures to protect the white minority but on the very 1st day december 20th 1991 the talks almost collapsed when dick clark took the floor. the only one that he should resume with. arms cache. and with. all the other. do not have a jeweler's. because one cannot be. lifted.

to be sure solution if your leaders years closer and the leadership. role certainly. with the schedule made and the force of the coffee and yes to the concept of not action. i spoke last and i made a strong attack on the a.n.c. what went on oh yes i sent a warning to president mandela that i would be making those statements the mission which i believe did not get doing so nelson mandela sat there and watched the clerk attack him in this way. and i have never before or since seen mandela so angry at the result was then that mandela did the stuff that you're

going so i'm going back to the microphone and started to my going to duck on was that. i heard a concern. about how to behave. off mr decay here have been less and friend. every day had. an illegitimate. discredited. my good genes as he. has certain moral standards. very few. would like to hear with such a. an escape from severe hardship onto the world stage as a paralympic champion movie i will

a silver medal for the 1500 meters and the bronze for the 800 and the desire to work overseas i went knocking on doors like you have a job and was interested in immunology studies that led to international recognition as a global leader in regenerative medicine to inspiring journeys of human endeavor arabs abroad the paralympian and the burn maker on al-jazeera in a 2 part series. al-jazeera observes the lives of 2 children. over 20 years. where insights into circumstances that shaped lives. in a rapidly changing world. 20 years of mean continues with good morning groups india on how to 0. the u.s. is always of interest to people all right the world people pay attention to what for here now does it is very good to bring the news to the world from here.

your child has their arms the whole rubble and our top news stories lebanon's month long protests have turned violent security forces fired water cannon and tear gas on demonstrators at a faceoff that lasted several hours more than 200 people were injured demonstrators say they're tired of waiting for the government to fix the ongoing economic crisis here the next few hours libya's warring sides are expected to come to gather in berlin for a peace conference backed by the un ward cleaver have to launch an offensive in april to take tripoli from the internationally recognized government attempts to negotiate a cease fire broke down last week at a summit in moscow. in yemen at least 38 government soldiers have been killed in an attack on a military camp in the northern region some reports say as many as 60 died sources

say who the rebels are behind the attack well but other target has more details of this lead is. that the we have her her than received about. there are different stories one says. this news has belonged belongs to an independent newspaper which has just published its front page and we distributed in the morning that the health these have already captured the 29th mechanic in military. the 1st migrants from work our own moving north through guatemala have been allowed into mexico there were scuffles at the crossing earlier central american countries are under pressure from the u.s. to stop them reaching its border most of the migrants are fleeing honduras at least 6 people are being killed by flooding and landslides in southeastern brazil officials say a month's rain fell in just 24 hours. in the u.s.

house impeachment managers have been filing a brief laying out the arguments for charges being brought against president trump the senate trial has formally opened with statements expected on choose stay the white house says the proceedings are an attempt to overturn the result of the 2016 election east africa is seeing an increase in swarms of locusts adding to fears that food supplies could be limited in a region still reeling from floods drought kenya is one of the worst affected countries the insects have destroyed hundreds of thousands of hectares of crops those were the headlines more news in half an hour we continue with face to face mandela had to click to stay with us here i'll just say. it's december 1991 talks to end decades of apartheid in south africa after faltering president f.w. de klerk has just blamed nelson mandela's a.n.c.

for a surge in political violence mandela responds. i'm. concerned . to behave. often used to the cat here have been less and less. ever to have. any jitters. discredited. my team as he. has several models and it's. very few did. what i had to do with saturn and. when you responded. to the clock was the closest we came to not having a negotiated solution i also think what he said that is what mandela really thought about the truck he never said it publicly because he knew the kind of money it is

he knew he had to say i accept he's bonafide he's he's a man of integrity otherwise he's followers wouldn't do it but day he was and he was provoked and he was angry because he didn't he wasn't warned and and that was a scary moment and i think that told me everything i wanted to know about the relationship between the truck and and mandela it was a terrible one he was not only assured that he was fighting for that i had for his people and what they believed in and what should one expect more from any man he could have been very rude. and very brutal if need be and all of this left a mark and left a scar. across it on their personal little unsure but also on the process and a need to course some damage unavoidably so. the negotiations would last for months

under the pressure of white extremists declared called a referendum in march $992.00 asking almost $3000000.00 white voters if they approved of the path he was taking more than 2 thirds of them voted yes. on june 17th 1992 zulus from the in ca to freedom party left their hostile accommodation and headed for the boy put on timeship johannesburg where they attacked a.n.c. supporters 45 people were brutally killed in the massacre the repercussions were dramatic exasperated mandela was very ill and in his response. at that point in time the administration of it was the only body that had the capacity and the power and the command was there was there to do those people and

therefore to prevent that from happening even when that was was going to be intelligence would have reported that there there's a. pileup of stocks of arms there and then there were people that were they members who went through that i can no longer at a. point in your. talk at work of no return. which is regarding our people. we are not here. to wagga we are provoked. we can fight back here lived a dead stage on behove the again see that this was an example of government forces that were utilized and that point has never been proved but even through the consideration commission it was that that saw mandela break off the negotiation it

became frozen. we launched in that period almost immediately a call for roading mass action to revive and get to a very high level the activity of the the masses in marchers demonstrations protest. in early august 1992 a campaign of strikes and demonstrations was launched the power struggle culminated on august the 5th with the march on pretoria the country's political capital. was. in front of tens of thousands of supporters mandela came to openly defied declare beneath the windows of the union building was the official seat of government and in our final.

day in big there is the nation of an entire day and have. had their freedom and fame lash it back and say journalist and. they created the mess. on stage and. after demise we have sucked that out of the continent. then i less than that. satisfactory. by the government. negara see asians can't cannot and will not a 0. fish am. the a.n.c. maintain the pressure he and dick clark were no longer speaking but in secret their lieutenants continued the discussions on the future of south africa.

another massacre oblige the 2 men to officially renew the negotiations on september the 7th 1992 and a small town in the homeland of cisco by 70000 e.n.c. supporters demonstrated against a local military leader supported by the government security forces opened fire killing 29 people and wounding hundreds of others. out of the big issue issue came a meeting between our officials and the clerics and the decision to carry on and resume with the negotiations desperately seeking an agreement to clerk capitulated and ceded to mandela's demands in september $992.00 the principles behind the future constitution were determined it would be

a majority system the white minority would have no veto or particular protection the date for the 1st multi-racial and democratic elections was set april 27th 1994. it was therefore 2 electoral rivals who went to also in december $993.00 to receive the nobel peace prize in norway. the 2 men attempted to put on a good show but dick clark could barely conceal his frustration. i think the decision of the nobel peace laureate committee was a very courageous decision the award to more must among dello was a popular one the award to me was a controversial award because people said but i have practiced

a part day in the past i had no problem with this the mondello receiving me at times it appeared as if he and the a.n.c. did not like very much the fact that it was also wanted to me i know that there were 2 that felt. nelson should not have shared with him i think that would have been a terrible mistake their contribution through the nobel peace prize was their contribution to say we congratulate you the people of south africa you for it amongst each other but in the course of that fight you learned to appreciate each other as human he. did. and mandela was irritated by this man from the apartheid regime the people who put

him in jail the people who oppressed these own people for so long trying to say i ended up after it praise me the clerk felt that he did not get enough credit for ending up after and he wanted to be on the international stage he wanted to be. the big the big historical figure but he was mandela he was the biggest icon in the world so. the 2 perspectives and the 2 egos really clashed hit was also difficult because there was a very strong and he apartheid lobby in norway didn't want him to get the you the prize atoll and at one stage mandela went out on to a balcony or. of the group the hotel and the main road of ours alone and the norwegians who were supposed to be having a torchlight parade boo de klerk and they shared mandela so it was

a bit humiliating for ford truck. back in south africa the presidential election campaign proved to be extremely tense. encounters a loose threatens not to take part in the vote and violent confrontations were frequent even in the center of johannesburg. as the world focused on solving a few days before the vote the 2 candidates faced off in a historic televised debate. where have what that plan appeared

at that time life or south africa and a better life means housing starts free conduct education hospital services. way believe that this is out of me and neither the i and she's policy is riddled with that which has failed it is riddled still with clinging to nationalize ation you want good investments as long as that is the case they says that applause. often then or is not used to address the best signal is all the charter told the population or as government is committed to it for a small minority he is not alarmed at that or have for devote so much of his last. or is called sounds like. they just in general how do you write him off if you

think about. that. far. and nation beauty how i am proud to hold your. thought as to who are following. on election day no one doubted that mandela's a.n.c. would imagine is the victim the question was whether the party would gain 2 thirds of the vote. the final score was indisputable 62 percent for the a.n.c. i'm just 20 percent for the national party. i hold out my hand to mr mandela in friendship and cooperation as far as my own

post position is concerned i should like to make it clear. that i believe that my political task is just beginning everything that we have done so far the 4 years of difficult and often frustrating negotiations the problem and the crises. abin simply a blip in ration of all the work that lies in that. on may 10th 1994 after 4 years of negotiations and several 1000 people killed in political violence nelson mandela became president of south africa he was 75 years old. i

think well for the future i think it's a good idea for self africa finally there that meets we have set out to achieve as befits. the truck thought it was a glorious moment. because it was peaceful it was accepted by the war the leaders of the world with their defeat on that day he saw it as the conclusion of these project that started in 1809. according to the terms of an agreement signed in 1903 monday led a government of national unity assisted by 2 vice presidents tab on becky one of his right hand men and frederick declare. so you have made it big enough to call father and i love you. allison. i'm not. sure we got by sorry. very for the better

public are full of it. so. i knew it was a snow day apartheid was overcome the last white president attending the swearing in of south africa's 1st black president. my overwhelming sense was a feeling of accomplishment yes i have questions and i still have it in my mind. whether we will be able to stay on the right path there are threats and there are always dangers that even if you reach a good agreement that in the implementation of the agreement things can go wrong but my general sense was one of this is a good day for south. all

the parties with more than 20 deputies were represented in the government of national unity intended to last 5 years a coalition unique in the world took office a cabinet when a former president officiated under the orders of his successor both at the head of opposing parties. facing them and alan never chaired the cabinet and they key the other deputy president and i chaired the cabinet on meditational basis . it was a good experience i realized and serialize that they needed to gain experience in governance they've been a liberation movement they've been agitating they've been fighting they've been

fighters in the field they didn't know how to deal with the civil service he possibly thought that his presence in the government of national unity. will give him the authority to teach then you'll come ice. how to do things. whereas the odds favor invested that he was also a newcomer into a situation that was new on twitter but there were moments when. i could see mr mandela getting frustrated it. all took patience between mandela and dick clark hit the headlines. in january $995.00 i heated disputes during a cabinet meeting which forced dick clarke and mandela to stage a public reconciliation for the media. the main focus of our discussion.

was our past not working relationship. our discussion was frank. and with garrett in some detail. with all the issues which caused the recent confrontation between us. we did not ask for an apology we are asked for the recognition of al good faith. honesty and integrity. in the process of the confrontation also my confidence in the president was shaken. and our talk this morning achieved also the race to relation of that confidence. i'm shaking you know you love movement on the t.v. . often about 18 months the a.n.c.

started to feel they've had enough of a learning experience. and then they started to try and silence me because i was not only an executive deputy president i was also the political leader of the main political opposition part and they were trying to say i cannot in public criticize the citizens with which i disagreed in the cabinet because i'm an executive deputy president that was part of the problem which 6 months later after 2 years brought me to the decision with my party who was there all from the government of national unity i think that the clear and his group where feeling that they were losing too much support from the white constituency and that if they remained

in government with the a.n.c. they would continue to lose all that support again i think the clerics ego came in the way that and his personal circumstances and we sometimes talk about politicians and forget that they are ordinary human beings to clear cut then fall in love and married a new young woman a beautiful woman that he was very much in love with he lost his appetite for dirty politics for hard politics. and instead of leaving his party inside and going to die with lovely elites he took them all out declared can this party left the government in june 1086 shortly after the adoption of the country's new constitution and mandela himself left politics in 1909 handing over to top of baccy. in just 6 years of

a hard fought to do the 2 men had to learn to clean change the course of their country's history and forever bound their own destinies they continued to see each other far from the political turmoil like in 2006 at a hotel in cape town at frederick to clerics 70th birthday. and i mean. once they had retired they knew that they the 2 of them played a special role. in history. and they never became friends but on the one or 2 occasions public occasions they said nice things about it so we did sir. and i thought if i just a. moment that all would. all off. why are time out purpose of. our own to. add to the modest way

what. are our isn't in the us i will say that our country does not suffer a normal. occurrence although. out of every government that your. managed ringback to get us where the. president mandela made. a wonderful speech. at a function for all friends and family. i was deeply touched. by the nicholl vision he gave to my contribution to. help to bring peace to south africa i was deeply touched by the personal war. which he extended to me. i even guide a little bit if i can remember well. al

jazeera explores prominent figures of the 20th century and how rivalries influenced the course of history steve jobs a much better marketing. apple is going to reinvent the phone bill made software what it is today. to high tech visionaries whose breakthroughs inspired the digital revolution jobs and gates face to face on al-jazeera. when the news breaks the moment today the current government has lost the trust of the people they can't do anything because the protesters are against it when people to places like working represent the law of films for opponents of brecht's it's drawing from the conservative al-jazeera has teams on the ground it now hopes the

meeting in paris will push politicians to create a competent and credible government to bring the moon relief when documentaries and nightly on air and online. hello that's how much is have been on the rise quite steadily across southern regions of the arabian peninsula but to the north it is becoming very unsettled once again plenty of clouds plenty of rain and of course some snow but at the same time we have also got a lot of this is the whole up into northern pakistan so some very very murky conditions we have got some snow flurries all my way into afghanistan as we go on through sunday but really is the eastern end of the med where they're going to see some very heavy amounts of rain again in israel lebanon on up into syria it could actually lead to some localized fighting the winds a pretty strong as well and really it's not a great change by monday by then we've got more snow flurries and some rain like across much of turkey and that's no rain on its way east was in fact on his way

into western areas of pakistan and then down into southern areas of africa again has some very heavy amounts of rain continuing for us much of madagascar. very heavy indeed as you go through sunday we've had flooding already into will central areas you could see some more really over the next couple of days this rain will be spreading across there as a big channel so central and southern areas of mozambique again seeing some very heavy amounts of rain why discounted showers and thunderstorms throughout much of the eastern areas of south africa windy in capetown but mostly dry on monday with a high of 27. talked to al jazeera we were told to get to it without going through all the ration has this been addressed by tokyo we listen what is the proposal of spain for a couple on you know we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories

that matter is there a. mobile technology. leading the way in the digital revolution. making a difference in the unlikeliest of places. this week tackling sexual health in south africa and then engineering social change in london inspiring young people to come tumblin soldiers to me so they're using menthol technology the final episode of life world laughs on al-jazeera. one of the really special things that work in progress here is that even as a camera woman i get to have so much and put in contribution to a story i feel we cover this region better than anyone else would be what it is you know it's very challenging the body but to be there because you have a lot of people that are deployed on political issues we are with the people we live to tell the real story so i'll just mend it used to deliver in-depth journalism we don't feel inferior to the audience across the globe.

protests turned violent and levon on the anger is rising as the economic and political crisis deepens. place. and this is al jazeera live from the. also coming up the prime minister of libya's u.n. backed government prepares for peace talks in berlin along with his rival for power the world holy for hofstra. the poor rural communities in afghanistan finding it ever harder to survive the bishop the cold winter. plus a novel i did the new astray in library with an innovative way of lending.