a witness documentary on al jazeera we understand the differences on the similarities of cultures across the world so much of what we've been using kind of for that matter. hello i'm maryanne demasi in london with a quick look at the headlines now at least 2 people have been killed in baghdad off the iraqi security forces used tear gas and live ammunition to break up anti-government protests meanwhile in the south of the country hundreds of demonstrators that blocks main roads in several cities iraqis are continuing to say the prime minister has not fulfilled his promises and they are calling for an overhaul of the political system and iran contra ports now from the capital. in one of the main squares in central baghdad police and protesters confront each other it began in the early hours of monday as protesters tried to block the road

leading to the square they want a change of government and accuse the current board of corruption a call you have got out to protesters to block main roads in baghdad a major highways in the south access. police used live ammunition and fight a gas in the attempt to disperse the crowds in the capital but a standoff a suit lost in several i was angry iraq is determined to get the message across the west side of the fence if you had. the idea isn't just blocking the roads all the people here offer straighted so we make noise here to make sure that we are heard a lot about the shape of the days do you want to for months no one has listen to our demands they're killing us it's just bloodshed. throughout the day took took 3 wheelers have been ferrying take us victims to makeshift hospitals like this one. i went to tyrone square in baghdad and the people wanted me to help them i was also attacked by tear gas i fell down the security forces have been using tear gas and

live ammunition. iraq's national security council has authorized the arrests of protesters but so far that's had little impact on the movement there wasn't the same level of violence elsewhere in the country as the wars in baghdad and the roadblocks in the south the protest is considered a success the real question for the protest movement is where do you go from here once you started blocking off roads in the south of the country effectively cutting off the self from the rest of the country where do you escalate your demands of being listened to and that's really angry the protest movement now it really remains to be seen whether the blockade of the roads is going to work and whether the government will listen as a result of it imran khan al jazeera baghdad. the world health organization will hold an emergency meeting as a deadly virus france in asia it comes as the chinese government says that the disease can move from person to person cases of the strain of corona virus which was 1st recorded in the city of one honda have now been seen outside china in south

korea and thailand. the white house is saying the charges against president donald trump are frivolous and dangerous less than 24 hours before his impeachment trial gets underway in a summary of his defense against accusations of abuse of power and obstruction of congress its claim the charges should be rejected and trump acquitted his lawyers say he asserted the legal rights of his office in speaking to the ukrainian president when it's claimed he threatened to withhold aid unless they investigated his political rival joe biden. european union foreign ministers say they will look at ways to support a ceasefire in libya after a summit in berlin a week long truce has been struggling to take hold with scattered clashes around tripoli khalifa haftar his forces have been attempting to take the capital from the un recognized government but there are doubts about how effective any european action could be with involvement from other countries including turkey. hundreds of central american migrants a forced their way into mexico by wading through

a river itself and border mexico has stepped up its police presence with hundreds of national guard troops deployed to the area the country is on the mounting pressure to prevent them reaching the u.s. border with president donald trump threatening trade sanctions if they do. and speaking to al jazeera the daughter of former president has dismissed a trove of leaked documents which suggest she siphoned hundreds of millions of dollars out of i'm go into offshore accounts the international consortium of investigative journalists obtain papers which it says implicates isabelle to santos in widespread corruption she has denied any wrongdoing. face to face is the program coming up next focusing on how a part of hate ended they'll be more news after that see a bit later. i

think. that's my thought 1st thanks but they know we're join the nobel committee. for good or bad enough but their status often not that this prize winner. i would also like but take this opportunity. the problem right there late might come for a 3rd a lot of. state further than f. government here had the car to. go and make. that terrible wrong at the current to our country and. through the imposition of the system of about. december 1993 the packed house and on to city home owners nelson mandela the hero of the anti-apartheid struggle and frederick the clown the last white president of south africa ive years ago. people would have seriously question the sanity of

anyone who would have predicted that mr madela and i would be joining the disappearance of the 99 the bill. all of us. are before you today behind the coty of school chooses the 2 leaders are at olds and the tension in the country is at its highest in the us. will be living the opponents. will disagree strongly all issues and we will soon fight the strenuous election that plane against one of them in my own country notwithstanding the comment the spro quest which we have made. all the 3000 people have died in political violence. since the beginning of this year mandela and dick clarke partners as much as really able to carry to his representing a cruising campus engaged in unwilling to negotiate missions of political and

personal doom that was poised to put an end to one of the most racist when the products. 'd 7 kilometers west of cape town nelson mandela was a prisoner for 18 years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the 1st black law from in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the african national congress to fight against the apartheid regime that i many

people feel that it is useless and free theater for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government was a block is only a savage attacks. under defenseless people. in 1962 mandela was arrested 2 years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was 46 years old. during his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost 3 quarters of the population of the state responded with increasingly savage repression. in the 1980 s. the country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the national party regarded as

a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in 1971 f. w. as everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. one must remember that his father had been a very senior national party politician it being president of the senate his uncle have been prime minister so he was deeply. involved in the whole growth and development of the national party mr de klerk was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was call but i think to his credit almost always say that he was never in favor of a security solution for the country never in 71 i

still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed idealistic could bring justice in the early eighty's. i came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in justice that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of a part they separate us. in the early eighty's nelson mandela returned to the mainland after 2 decades of brutal detention he was transferred to pollsmoor prison then in 1988 to more comfortable housing within the victim 1st the prison about 100 kilometers from cape town. for mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun

secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the justice minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. and so p.w. identified a team of which i was the head at the time they start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my $988.00 until easily they met some got 50 times or $48.00 times every week for hours on end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an african a nationalist mandela use that to get to know the minds of the africans the minds of the national party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasn't possible he knew more or less how to treat that. both at home and abroad

calls for mandela's release grew louder and gained more support for his party the a.n.c. represented him as the symbol of the anti-apartheid struggle. in early 1989 bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. i relented in august his former minister frederick de clercq age 53 took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. on december 13th 1989 mandela left the victor vast the prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain heise the president's office for the 1st time the black leader and white president found

themselves face to face. i did not have. high expectations of a 1st meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my 1st meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that 1st meeting was to get an understanding of each other. to get a feel for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much taller than he expected and he was also very impressed by president of mr mandela's aristocratic bearing because we must remember that that mandela was actually raised to be the prime minister of the paramount chief of the 10 boo's so he had natural and natural sense of authority very dignified

a very charming after that 1st meeting there was the feeling that yes we can do business with each other so i did expect that he would be positive about the concept of negotiations but we both of voided talking about the real challenges and the real issues at that time it was a sizing up process and so that was the beginning of of a long and sometimes very very rocky relationship. on february the 2nd 1990 the eyes of $37000000.00 south africans were turned towards cape town for the opening of parliament didn't declare was about to pronounce his 1st general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to

a new direction. it is time for us to break out of the cycle of violence and to break through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided on the following the prohibition of the african national congress the pan african as congress the south african communist party in a number of subsidiary organizations is being nice and. people serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in 1009 was faced with a choice he knew that the country's economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about it more oppression more police more military and

destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock a figure that ended the war and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a.n.c. because they were communists but no communism is dead sanaa we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change. the clear speech was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of the clerk suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart the siding there must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the

government has taken a firm decision to release mr mandela unconditionally i'm serious i'm serious about being this matter to finality without dealing the speech i made on the 2nd of february 9090 contained a package of measures. of which the release not only of nelson mandela but also of all political prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency i tried in that speech to address each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators in town and they had all of the t.v. cameras they needed to use. how and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the 2nd confrontation between the 2 men one week

later at the president's office. i announced to him that he would be released on the 11th of february. and the 1st reaction was it's too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a.n.c. and it was one of the things of me will you are my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the 11th of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be in east.

on february 11th 1990 at 5 o'clock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see nelson mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. after 27 years in jail a free 71 year old man returned to his home in so wet oh determined to win freedom for his people. after 4 decades of conflict the adversaries met over 3 days and put ischia an official building in cape time in may 990 the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting

a court image there are bound to be difficulties but there is cautious optimism as well as faith and called the cure the problems will be solved by negotiation. and i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and you just saw that i think it was. overwhelmingly framed. it was like people who came together for the 1st time we didn't know each other but who wanted to meet each other. that was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. we suddenly realized the both sides that we had to work out jointly and collectively. the way forward and the duct responsibility rests on us nobody else can take that response and. you can imagine. with the background of the participants 2 sides of being

fighting each other. the hammer. suddenly being. of course there's a measure of mistrust. we do know al qaida just 3 us. we didn't know. but the point is we had to agree there's only one way to discover. that is to me. is striking feature. of the discussions. which will have head. during the last 3 days. has been the act cordiality. we have had. discussions on sensitive matters. in a spirit of conciliation and understanding. despite the signature

of a peace agreement 4 months later the relationship between de klerk and mandela was tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a.n.c. supporters from the closer ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar freedom party made up of zulus and led by monks who to buthelezi. not just say it is the voices or the. truth and only the leaders the people those who can only true the beginning of a real wall discount. oh. more people got killed in south africa between 18091904 done were killed by a potted forces in the entire history of a part that there was a natural competition between the eye of p. and the a.n.c. u.t.s.

but it was aided and abetted by the former military and police people called it the 3rd force. the 2 big black groupings fighting and a 3rd force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading police teats and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence we're working with elements of the britain lazy party and the soft course was how mundane the came to use that label and to. and to accuse the clerk of the statistics. 100 thank you and. the national party has got that dab agenda for the negotiations process on the one hand. a talk about

reform and change. that. they still want to hold on to economic and political power he said you see you don't care about the life lives of blacks that tell us you have allowed that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even after we had given you our commitment even when we have been doing very had to discipline our people and you behaved in this way because you don't care about black life i think the accusation that i didn't do enough was unfair and that was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed today to judicial commissions of inquiry the one commission of inquiry

came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes they were elements in the security forces against my orders against the policy i've laid down who continued with politically this have rocked of underground activities that resulted in the dismissal or early retirement of a big number of very senior officers the credit cards the difficulty he had to walk a tightrope he couldn't just walk into the military camp and say. give up your arms the sea is taking over he had to take he had to move very carefully with the police and with the military. and he did it slowly and and nelson mandela has indicated that he understood that so there was a game that mandela would put pressure on him. to disband and to end this that for

violence and that but that that would defend. as the 2 leaders exchanged accusations about the causes of the violence talks continues and a conference was soon organized could desa the convention for a democratic south africa to discuss the country's future institutions 300 delegates took part the a.n.c. and their allies demanded a majority electoral system where blacks would be dominant in the government declared his party wanted various measures to protect the white minority but on the very 1st day december 20th 1991 the talks almost collapsed when dick clark took the floor. the only one that he should resume with the. schedule. and with. all the others. do not have the jeweler's. those one.

little. bit to be sure solution if your leaders years closer in the leadership. role certainly. with the schedule made and the force not to go to you and yes to the concept of. action. i spoke last and i made a strong attack on the a.n.c. what went on only i sent a warning to president mandela that i would be making those statements the missions i believe did not get doing so nelson mandela sat there and watched the clerk attack in this way. and i have never before or since seen

mandela so angry at the result was then that mandela to the search again so going back to the microphone and started to make an attack on us that. i heard a concern. about the behavior. of mr decay here has been less and less. everyday hat. and illegitimate. discredited. my narrative here as he. has certain moral standards oh. very few. would like head to head with saturn.

in a 2 part series. observes the lives of 2 children. over 20 years. where insights into circumstances that shape lives. in a rapidly changing world. 20 years of me continues with good morning growth india on how to 0. a journey of discovery. which is the copy of a letter c. germany addressed to my grandfather 0. traces of family links back to the regime of. these pressures and returned them to a terribly important fashion in the family it makes me sick this letter alone and i found it. on al-jazeera. holding the

powerful to account as we examine the u.s. its role in the war on al jazeera. i know i maryam namazie london quick look at headlines anti-government protests of reignited in iraq as a deadline set by demonstrators for reform has passed at least 2 protesters were killed in baghdad when police used live rounds while demonstrators blocked roads in the south of the country the had been a low in protests off the tensions between iran and the u.s. fight off the american astronauts in iraq but protests as of maintain that calls for early elections and a new independent prime minister following claims of corruption. monday was the deadline that was set by the protesters to the iraqi government saying that during

this week if you do not take concrete arkan's to what our demands are we will come out again to the streets we will truck iraq and that is essentially what they did throughout monday you saw in baghdad multiple checkpoints on the highway on measure our crees which link baghdad to other parts protesters came out erected barricades the clash with police they threw stones and molotov cocktails at them to which police replied with tear gas and rubber coated steel bullets as well as some activists saying that live munitions were used the world health organization will hold an emergency meeting as a deadly virus spreads in asia chinese government experts say the disease which has killed 3 people can move from person to person cases of the strain of corona virus which was 1st recorded in the city of who had have now been seen outside china in south korea and in thailand the discovery of transmission between people means it could spread more widely and more quickly. the white house says the charges against

president trump a frivolous and dangerous less than 24 hours before his impeachment trial starts in a summary of his defense against accusations of abuse of power in obstructing congress its claim that charges should be rejected in trump acquitted his lawyers say he asserted the legal rights of his office when he was having conversations with the president of ukraine and here opinion foreign ministers say they will look at ways to support a cease fire in libya following a summit in berlin a week long truce has been struggling to take hole with scattered clashes around tripoli 25 to us forces have been attempting to take the capital from the un recognized government since last april face to face and now continues that is the program until 2100 g.m.t. when i will be back with the news hour see them.

it's december 1991 talks to end decades of apartheid in south africa a faltering president f.w. de klerk has just blamed nelson mandela's a.n.c. for a surge in political violence mandela responds. i think the concern . about the behavior. of mr de cat here has been less and friend. if it had at. all and in egypt and. discredited. my team as he. has certainly modest and it's hoped. that if you did. what i had to do with saturn and. when you responded. to the clock was the closest we came to not having

a negotiated solution i also think what he said that is what mandela really thought about the truck he never said it publicly because he knew the kind of money is he knew he had to say i accept he's bona fide he's he's a man of integrity otherwise he's followed his wouldn't do it but there he was and he was provoked and he was angry because he didn't he wasn't warned and and that was a scary moment and i think that told me everything i wanted to know about the relationship between the truck and and mandela it was a terrible one he was not only assured that he was fighting for that i'd for his people and what they believed in and what you'd. expect more from any man he could have been very rude. and very brutal if need be and all of this left a mark and left

a scar. across it on their person little unsure but also on the process and a need to course some damage unavoidably so. the negotiations would last for months under the pressure of white extremists declared called a referendum in march $992.00 asking almost $3000000.00 white voters if they approved of the path he was taking more than 2 thirds of them voted yes. on june 17th 1992 zulus from the in ca to freedom party left their hostile accommodation and headed for the boy petang timeship near johannesburg where the attacked a.n.c. supporters 45 people were brutally killed in the massacre the repercussions were dramatic exasperated mandela was very ill and in his response. at that point in time the administration of hitler was the only body that had the

capacity and the power and the command was there was there to do those people and therefore to prevent that from happening even when that was was going to be intelligence would have reported that there there's a. pileup of stocks of arms there and then there were people that were they members who went to that i can no longer at a. point in your. talk at work of no return. which is very very go out. there not. to where i grew up provoked. we can fight back here lived at that stage and behold the pain see that this was an example of government forces that were utilized and that point has

never been proved even through the consideration commission it was that that so mandela break off the negotiation it became frozen. we launched in that period almost immediately a call for roading mass action to revive and get to a very high level the activity of the the masses in marchers demonstrations protest. in early august $9092.00 a campaign of strikes and demonstrations was launched the power struggle culminated on august the 5th with the march on pretoria the country's political capital. was. in front of tens of thousands of supporters mandela came to openly defied declare beneath the windows

of the union building was the official seat of government and in our final. day in big there is the nation of an entire and i have. had their freedom and family lashes. and thank goodness and. they say to the mat. on stage you know after tomorrow's we have suspect over the continent. then i less than that. satisfactory. by the government. negara see asians can't cannot and will not have a 0. fish in the.

the a.n.c. maintained the pressure he and dick clark were no longer speaking but in secret their lieutenants continued the discussions on the future of south africa. another massacre oblige the 2 men to officially renew the negotiations on september the 7th 1992 and a small town in the homeland of cisco by 70000 e.n.c. supporters demonstrated against a local military leader supported by the government security forces opened fire killing 29 people and wounding hundreds of others. out of the big issue issue came a meeting between our officials and the clerics and the decision to carry on and resume with the negotiations desperately seeking an agreement to

clerk capitulated and ceded to mandela's demands in september $992.00 the principles behind the future constitution were determined it would be a majority system the white minority would have no veto or particular protection the date for the 1st multi-racial and democratic elections was set april 27th 1994. it was therefore 2 electoral rivals who went to also in december $993.00 to receive the nobel peace prize in norway. the 2 men attempted to put on a good show but dick clark could barely conceal his frustration. i think the decision of the nobel peace laureate committee was a very courageous decision and the award to more must among dello was

a popular one the award to me was a controversial award because people said but i have practiced a partake in the past i had no problem with this the mondello receiving me at times it appeared as if he and the a.n.c. did not like very much the fact that it was also wanted to me i know that there were 2 that felt. nelson should not have shared with him i think that would have been a terrible mistake their contribution through the nobel peace prize was their contribution to say we congratulate you the people of south africa you for it amongst each other but in the course of that fight you learned to appreciate each other as humanity.

and mandela was irritated by this man from the apartheid regime the people who put him in jail the people who oppressed these own people for so long trying to say i ended up after it praise me the credit felt that he did not get enough credit for ending up after it and he wanted to be on the international stage he wanted to be. the big the big historical figure but he was mandela he was the biggest icon in the world so. the 2 perspectives and the 2 egos really clashed and it was also difficult because there was a very strong and he apartheid lobby and that in no way didn't want him to get the you the prize atoll and at one stage mandela went out on to a balcony or. of the group the hotel and the main road of learned

the norwegians who were supposed to be having a torchlight parade boo de klerk and they shared mandela so it was a bit humiliating for ford to put. back in south africa the presidential election campaign proved to be extremely tense. encounters who lose threatens not to take part in the vote and violent confrontations were frequent even in the center of johannesburg. as the world focused on saw

a few days before the vote the 2 candidates faced off in a historic televised debate. where have what that plan appeared at that time i was i think and a better life means how. free according to education hospital services. we believe that this is out of me and my eyes in the eye and she's policy is riddled with that which has failed it is riddled still with clinging to nationalize ation you want good investments as long as that is the case they says that applause. often men or is not used to address the as signees of the charter to the population or as government 1 is committed for a small minority he is not alarmed at that or have for devote so much of his last.

or is called sounds like. they just in general how do you write him off if you talk about. that. far. and nation beauty how i am proud to hold your. thought as to profile. on election day no one doubted that mandela's a.n.c. would imagine is the victim the question was whether the party would gain 2 thirds of the vote. the final score was indisputable 62 percent for the a.n.c. i'm just 20 percent for the national party. i hold out my hand to mr

mandela in friendship and cooperation as far as my own post position is concerned i should like to make it clear. that i believe that my political task is just beginning everything that we have done so far the 4 years of difficult and often frustrating negotiations the problem and the crises. abin simply a blip in nation for the work that lies in. on may 10th 1994 after 4 years of negotiations and several 1000 people killed in political violence nelson mandela became president of south africa he was 75 years

old. i think all for the future i think it's a good idea for self africa finally there that which we have set out to achieve as befits. the direct thought it was a glorious moment. because it was peaceful it was accepted by the war the leaders of the world with their defeat on that day he saw it as the conclusion of this project that started in 1809. according to the terms of an agreement signed in 1903 monday led a government of national unity assisted by 2 vice presidents tabu on becky one of his right hand men and frederick declare. so you have made it big enough to call

father serious and i live in. madison. i'm not. sure we got by sorry. very for the better public are full of it. so. i knew it was a snow day apartheid was overcome the last white president attending the swearing in of south africa's 1st black president. my overwhelming sense was a feeling of accomplishment yes i had questions and i still have it in my mind. whether we will be able to stay on the right path there are threats and there are always dangers that even if you reach a good agreement that in the implementation of the agreement things can go wrong

but my general sense was one of this is a good day for south. all the parties with more than 20 deputies were represented in the government of national unity intended to last 5 years a coalition unique in the world took office a cabinet when a former president officiated under the orders of his successor both at the head of opposing parties. facing them and alan never chaired the cabinet and they key the other deputy president and i chaired the cabinet on meditational basis . it was a good experience i realized and serialize that they needed to gain

experience in governance they've been a liberation movement they've been agitated they've been fighting they've been fighters in the field they didn't know how to deal with the civil service he possibly thought that his presence in the government of national unity. will give him the authority to teach then you'll come ice. how to do things. whereas the odds favor invested that he was also a newcomer into a situation that was new on twitter but there were moments when. i could see mr mandela getting frustrated. patients between mandela and dick clarke hit the headlines. in january

$995.00 i heated disputes during a cabinet meeting which forced dick clarke and mandela to stage a public reconciliation for the media. the main focus of our discussion. was our past not working relationship. our discussion was frank. and with keratin some detail. with all of the issues which caused the recent confrontation between us. we did not ask for an apology we are asked for the recognition of al good faith. honesty and our integrity. in the process of the confrontation also my confidence in the president was shaken. and our talk this morning achieved also.

the race to relation of that confidence. i'm shaking you know you want movement on the sleeve. often about 18 months the a.n.c. started to feel they've had enough of a learning experience. and then they started to try and silence me because i was not only an executive deputy president i was also the political leader of the main political opposition part and they were trying to say i cannot in public criticize the citizens with which i disagreed in the cabinet because i'm an executive to 50 percent that was part of the problem which 6 months later after 2 years but old me to the decision with my party who was there all from the government of national unity i think that the

clear and his group where feeling that they were losing too much support from the white constituency and that if they remained in government with the a.n.c. they would continue to lose all that support again i think the clerics ego came in the way that and his personal circumstances and we sometimes talk about politicians and forget that they are ordinary human beings to clear cut then fall in love and married a new young woman a beautiful woman that he was very much in love with he lost his appetite for dirty politics for hard politics. and instead of leaving his party inside and going to tie it with lovely a little it took them all out declared can this party left the government in june 1086 shortly after the adoption of the country's new constitution and mandela

himself left politics in 1909 handing over to top of baccy. in just 6 years of a hard fought to do the 2 men had radically changed the course of their country's history and forever bound their own destinies they continued to see each other far from the political turmoil like in 2006 at a hotel in cape town at frederick to clerics 70th birthday. and i mean. once they had retired they knew that they the 2 of them played a special role. in history. and they never became friends but on the one or 2 occasions public occasions they said nice things of what. we did.

and i feel like this is a. moment that all. off. winds are all part of say oh oh. 000000000. 000000 this way well. i heard a policeman in the bus will say that i 100 does not suffer from a noble. cause all. i've ever got to go get your. leg. away with the. president mandela made. a wonderful short speech. at a function for our friends and family. i was deeply touched. by that a completion he gave to my contribution to. help to bring peace to south africa i was deeply touched by the personal warmth. which he extended

to me. i even cried a little but if i can remember well. al-jazeera explores prominent figures of the 20th century and how rivalries influenced the course of history steve jobs from much better marketeers than bill gates was apple is going to reinvent the phone bill made software what it is today will change the world to high tech visionaries whose breakthroughs inspired a digital revolution jobs and gates face to face on al-jazeera.

we still have a few showers in the full cost the eastern parts of australia you can see this area cloud still very much in place down across the victoria any sort of victoria in particular easing over towards the southeast of new south wales but choose day say for the time to for example it should be largely dry in melbourne 22 celsius here but we are going to see some of the strong winds making their way through the fish i was further north actually useful right pushing up that eastern side of queensland and plenty of showers actually just around the top end i would tools and northwest of australia as we go on into what to stay more of the same here further south as generate dry 32 in melbourne that's a bit more likely tennis weather that we would expect the west the weather will

come in through the latter part of the week thursday particular sherry right as the system sweeps its way across the southeast of oz further north you see some showers of a wintry nature making the way across northern parts of japan pushing across the sea of japan so some sleet and snow there for a time over the mountains sickly just around all the sections of honshu into hokkaido that will gradually make their way further east was as we go on through way to say wednesday is a lousy find right they largely try to across the korean peninsula northern parts of china but heavy rain setting in the central parts. they join one of the well as much as not tory as groups. but found a way. rebuild their lives and now help others it's. a tale of course recruitment child soldiers and the refit exploitation of women the door to.

part of the radicalized. on al-jazeera. al-jazeera. hello i'm maryam namazie your watching the news hour live from london coming up in the next 60 minutes. violent demonstrations in the iraqi capital while protesters in the south of the country block roads in an act of defiance the world health organization calls an emergency meeting as the chinese coronavirus jumps borders and human to human transmission is.