the people gaining strength their revolutionary zeal knowing no bounds does a series of violent acts by their splinter groups damage the palestinian cause for insured survival chronicling the turbulent story of the struggle for a palestinian harmony p.l.o. history of a revolution on al-jazeera. the soon as the sun goes down the shouting russia is a very challenging place to work as a journalist even though the authorities here say you can't do it it's not allowed to build always pushing. fog of the sands of moscow is under love the people are being taken for peacefully march here for the 5th time we are travelling the extra mile where are the media go we go there and we give them a chance to tell their story. this is techno a show about innovations that can change lives the science of fighting wildfires

we're going to explore the intersection of hardware and humanity and we're doing it a unique way. this is a show about science no not lies scientists tonight techno investigates v.p. whoever bought this got way more than they bargained for yes they did it's everywhere in clubs street corners in cars they say it's safe and can help break the cigarette happen if i had to say what is more dangerous honestly it very well but what's really inside those pieces you never know what you're getting dr crystal dilworth is a neuroscientist who specializes in nicotine studies she'll bring us the latest research what happens to your lungs when those metal particles go and see them read to davison is an environmental biologist and they're going to be around the corner they went through there really quickly we got them she's off the coast of california where drones are taking some incredible images of migrating whales as

this technology becomes available to more people and we're going to see more research is using that i'm filled tor is an entomologist that's our team no it's do some scientists. hey guys welcome to techno on phil tours joined by maria davison and dr crystal still worth no bigger and potentially more dangerous that's the best way to describe what's happening with the smoking alternatives known as the cigarettes or vapor that's an industry that seems to really be exploding i mean you're seeing it everywhere and a part of me wonders if this might be because of some misinformation about a thing that's that's my sense in our doctor crystal dorthy of your ph d. in the study so we've asked you to keep a tab on this there's a lot of academic research as means. on the safety of the use of these devices but it can't really keep up with a growing industry. enjoy

the taste of the. facts of what smoking does call them vapors or foggers or competitive cloud chasers all are welcome at crystal vapor one of thousands of the shops across the country since techno 1st reported on the wii ping phenomenon in 2013 the industry has taken off like wildfire revenue is estimated to reach 3500000000 dollars this year doubling since 2013 according to a recent poll 10 percent of all american adults are of a thing that's an estimated 20000000 people when it comes to kids well conventional tobacco smoking among them is dropping to record lows east cigarettes are a growing concern at the centers for disease control between 20132014 alone we saw a tripling in use among us high school students to the point where it was about 13.5 percent of u.s.

high school students had used these products within the past 30 days from the early generation of cigarette lookalikes techno 1st reported on personal vaporizing devices known as models have gone high tech beings come a long way baby we've seen the shift move from pens and tanks at least culturally to what we called devices went from mechanical models to basically box models what's going on right now it may sound confusing but the basic mechanics are pretty simple there's a battery powered advisor that heats up a liquid mixture known as juice entered into vapor which the user inhales. when we 1st met researcher i'm an equal you should wrapped up a study that found harmful metal particulate in the vapor from earlier models in east cigarettes following the evolution of the industry she's updating her study so the original study we had looked at a cart a miser style and a cigarette and we had detected high amounts of 10 present in the. parts do you still finding heavy metal particulate in the vapor we are still finding yes because

it's going into people's lungs what happens to your lungs when those metal particles go in and of metal especially things like 10 can cause stenosis and that could constrict the. you know the airways in the lungs across the hall at u.c. riverside they're studying one of those compounds researcher a lot of is focused on nicotine concentrations and refillable. in this case the solution tested is tennessee cured by red oak a fluid made by johnson creek enterprises and online seller of the liquids and accessories we order a bunch of and just most of them just the accuracy of the label and in this case this is 18 micrograms per milliliter so there's been be considered a high nicotine concentration so the test here is we'll see how much it's measuring from the speak and we'll compare that to what's on the label and as you can see from our control it was a lot higher so we know for sure that it is nicotine and recent paper that we

published we found out that this specific sample was 59 percent higher nicotine than it's advertise able to ever bought this way more than they bargained for yes they did techno asked johnson enterprises about its nicotine labeling discrepancy they offer this statement between 20112012 there was a noticeable improvement in our manufacturing process including in process controls an analytical methods for testing nicotine concentration with greater accuracy while the company stated claims point to a step in the right direction the red oak sample that they manufactured with the 59 percent higher nicotine discrepancy was purchased for the u.c. riverside study online in february 2012 well within the range of johnson creek stated internal improvements in controls and accuracy but they're not alone currently u.c. riverside is evaluating a new batch of liquids from a variety of vendors and polyphony results continue to suggest large. discrepancies in nicotine labeling throughout the industry just based on all the research that we've done you never know what you're getting it could be higher nicotine

contribution it could be lower and although lower might sound better that's going to mean that you need smoke more interesting what your buy is normally used to researchers are also concerned about the content of the hundreds of flavored liquids that fuel our number one seller is from animal this is a cereal fruit loops flavored with a little bit of milk. a lot of the flavors that are regarded as grass is generally regarded as safe that is a term that's given to flavoring products that can be ingested what's happening to these flavoring products when they're being aerosolized at these high temperatures and inhaled into the long you have chemical reactions that can break them down into a lot more toxic chemicals known as carbon compounds prime example being formaldehyde that's a very common when everyone's heard of formaldehyde and everyone should know rather how it is and could be so in head to head comparison versus conventional cigarette which one do you think is healthier my opinion i think they're both dangerous i

think the narrative that most people are missing is that the public health opponents to vapor have lumped in vapor with the evil tobacco folks that they fought you know back in the eighty's in the ninety's and so they've decided that this is the exact same thing cynthia is the executive director for the smoke free alternative trade association called safaga of aping lobby group we need to dispel the idea that these products paper products are the same as combusted tobacco products because they're not so we need to look at any time that anyone is using a vapor product they're not smoking and that's a win for everybody these east cigarettes they don't contain the $7000.00 plus chemicals that conventional cigarettes have and that's always a plus but on the flip side i they do have their own so. compounds that you're being exposed to unfortunately we're going to have to wait for the long gemini studies but if i had to say what is more dangerous honestly i there very well to me

that the food and drug administration which regulates tobacco is still reviewing vaporing regulations travis padgett has been smoking since high school today he veeps to cut down on tobacco use for me it was you know it was just kind of a different a minute now of microbiology major at u.c. riverside travis is babying for science participating in a study that measures his intake puff duration volume and frequency when you get out of here you're going to have a science degree why not wait for science now before we know if it's safe i mean it's either a vapor a smoke cigarettes and we already know cigarettes are bad so roll the dice exactly it's a roll of the dice some. of the people that are choosing a thing over conventional cigarettes are choosing the unknown over the know and they know that conventional cigarettes and give them cancer there's a chance that it's better and so they're rolling the dice with that but they're

still gambling with their own how and sometimes adults are making more informed decisions with and you have all these kids will absolutely i mean adolescents there are still in a stage of brain development they're not as capable as adults of making good decisions and they're uniquely susceptible to addiction and usually we've got regulations in place that help protect for specifically those kind of cases but here it's so many you know the regulations aren't they haven't kept up obviously that's a major concern all of the regulations of protections that we have developed for tobacco products conventional cigarettes are not there when it comes to things will go fascinating topic and i'm sure crystal you'll keep us up to date on this but. i understand you want will watch you did i got to go will watching using drones in the sky so a little bit like spying but it's a great way to observe whales that we normally wouldn't be able to see and we don't really disturb them at all. most times when you see images from

a drone something is exploding usually devastation from the air these are the military drones in service around the world. closer to home in california they're also used for important peacetime missions like assisting firefighters by mapping out hot spots during raging wildfires and much has been reported about the use of drones especially when it comes to military applications drones may even become the delivery system for consumer goods but today off the coast of san simeon california researchers using drones like this one here behind me 1st spectacular use all in the name of science this is the peters walk of life station this is a very unique piece of property because it sticks out into the migratory corridor or of the northbound gray whale cows and calves a picture perfect location for researchers to fly a science drone to get an unprecedented bird's eye view of what swims below right if they are right in the distance i got. it out there for 22

years wayne perry men and a team from noah have been here from march until may counting and collecting data on great whales migrating north from the breeding grounds of mexico to the arctic a trip of 6800 miles this point is kind of a focal point for them and we're able to see them very very well they passed often within 100 meters of the beach so it's a great place to count animals great whales swim close to land as protection against their main predator killer whales even so it takes a sharp eye and strong binoculars to spot the northern migration once they do it's go time for a one of a kind unmanned aircraft named mostly. to the right to the right now move there and then i love the frame there at the. going out on the service economy of the frame good come down a little that i'm getting to the right as i'm underwater know

a scientist and pilot john durban is tracking a mother and her calf from a distance of about 3 quarters of a mile out from where he stands john's wife and co researcher holly fernbach is under the towel that shades a control panel giving her a real time video feed that aids in guiding the flight so when they come up next i'm going to move out of the matter taking out markel but the very right adds to be perfect so now it's split 2nd timing for john to remotely trigger the camera to take high definition photographs of the whales are going to be around the corner they went through there really quickly we got there we did well the. this is really a tool we have a flying a camera and we're trying to make inference about size and shape of whales but taking photographs is cool photogrammetry so this is a camera and we want to get it above the whales.

mobley was built by don the boy at a cost of $25000.00 it may look like a hobby a stream project but in fact it's packed with many high tech systems to do science so it's called a house a car because it has 6 motors and 6 rotors if it's not being told what to do wants to us how we're going to be stable in the air. behind a finish and photos taken from the eye in the sky give scientists a better look at the overall health of the whales a female who has been eating a lot and she spat her whip relative to her leg will be different than a female who hasn't eaten very much so we can take just those 2 measurements and with those 2 we can get an index of condition index of that this or that female peri min says. the season many of the northbound lactating female gray whales observed appeared more robust than in previous years data that is important for

many reasons will health give scientists a snapshot of the balancing act between food sources natural predators even climate change we're getting to the point now where we really can talk about how climate change in the arctic is impacting this population now there's less ice and it's then or there's more photosynthesis going on in the wintertime because like can penetrate and what we want to do is kind of understand that dynamic of what's going on. recently john durban and the know it's team took mobley to canada to study killer whales taken from 100 feet above this video the 1st of its kind give scientists a clearer picture of the health of northern resident killer whales in these images the whale on the right appears robust and in good condition while the whale on the left is then and in poor health scientists believe this will later died because it was no longer spotted with its pod. killer

whales report because the competing with this fish would try to understand all the getting enough food as this technology becomes available to more people we're going to see more research is using it safer research say for the animals i think it's a win win. from an emotional perspective just being able to see these incredibly beautiful species out in their natural environment we'd never be able to do that and we don't have to disturb them to see them but in terms of the overarching story i mean a scientist you can collect data on 2 things what is and what's changing and it seems like this method allows them to collect data that's sort of speaking to both of those objectives they're studying what is now and when things change we'll know yeah and i mean that also speaks to the importance of having these long term data sets right because you have to be able to establish a baseline. which i think they're doing very well you know with 22 years worth of data and now with with the changes of climate change you know that that's

a really powerful set a date it to to give a sense of what's what's on the horizon. you are going to tell us about a unique skill or you took of a little unusual lab and it's right here you know it's basically a lab full of trash and for invited us to check out the ways that they're making the auto industry a little bit greener so clearly a lot of environmental incentives here a plant there you know obviously when you use recycled materials over new ones are going to be saving a little bit of money but they also found some new ways to solve some old problems using some very cool methods so saying look. it's taken over a century but today car manufacturers are getting into high gear when it comes to going green from hydrogen fuel cell cars to electric plug ins and hybrids mileage is going up and with a least 10 percent of vehicles environmental impact in the assembly process

manufacturing is going green to. companies like toyota g.m. volkswagen ford and honda are all stepping up eco friendly methods with 0 waste factories diverting millions of pounds from landfills reusing water recycling sludge and going solar powered and it's not just assembly take forward 85 percent of its cars are renewable recyclable or compostable everything from recyclable aluminum bodies and engine parts to solar foam seats in fabrics made from 5000000 was cycled plastic bottles and this is where the ideas percolate the materials research lab at ford headquarters in dearborn michigan what would you say is the craziest thing that you guys work with when you think those are they hook ups yes oh these are secure. filters it's a cellulose yes a tape fiber and so we're looking at that fiber as

a reinforcement for plastics debbie moleski storage of the lab back in 2001 was sort of foam oil was about 40 dollars a barrel and so nobody saw a reason to use plant based materials even though there was an environmental improvement when we launched our soil based foams oil was about $150.00 a barrel and so suddenly what was a very poorly received idea was very well received instead of the petroleum base the foam and every seat in north america is made of michigan soy and now the lab is testing algae oil with its more global reach plastics researcher ellen lead give techno the 1st public look at this newest experimental phone rang and have you had in the search back then this one. and that's acts like the egg and the plant everything you have there and then i'm going to have you add the following agent which in our case is water i'm going to mix this up. and then we'll see the foam

start to react. world. there go if they can until a case you can see all the gas problems already we use this to kind of evaluate our formulation and how fast it comes out why is it important that this reacts fast how fast you can be made each part is really important for manufacturing because you want to be able to make things in a timely manner are we talking a matter of minutes per phone seat or seconds or less than 4 days aiming to make the plastics at least 20 percent bio based this actually making the plastic stronger yes it does. these parts are later in ways i can show you one that is made from temp versus glass and it's about a 30 percent weight reduction so if we continue to do this we will improve fuel economy as well ford says it's already diverted more than $30000000.00 pounds of plas. from north american landfills with materials as diverse as we grass coconut

hair shredded jeans and millions of dollars of green banks what a lot of people don't know as money isn't actually paper it's a blend of cotton and linen try to grind it down into a smaller finer grunt research engineer giuseppe look tony has showed me how it's done well it's crime some wanting to use a crime grinder there's a shuttle that goes inside and using magnets it turns the magnets on and off and it will move the shuttle back and forth between the 2 metal and smash the money using liquid nitrogen around liquid nitrogen the liquid nitrogen will just cool the money down to a brittle so it's easy to smash and turn on the machine. is on yeah that. powder morning then it's melted in with plastic and formed into pellets you melt them down and then you formed them into things like this right and this is a coin trick that is a coin to your money money back into your vehicle what is this tomato favors these

are actual skin sleeves and stems from the tomato plants from hines's ketchup production they process millions of pounds of tomatoes every year and they have a lot of leftover why is this a good product for you guys to use we can use this to reinforce our plastics to make them stiffer but then at the same time we can start in the lab is in the very early stages of testing the tomato based possibilities making samples been melting and mixing plastic extruding it into pellets and molds for testing new dimension part of the test is actually the smell you know if they're driving a lot and they may not want to smell tomatoes because they make it every. so what's your big end goal for all this we all have kids and we want to make sure that there's a green nice planet for them with materials that they can continually replenished. i don't want them to depend on petroleum as their only source of materials.

sitting between you guys is of course $10000.00 worth of cash but unfortunately it is old cash shredded would normally go to the trash but in this case they're reusing it making corn trees that this idea of closing the materials and you know going as much as we possibly can towards 0 waste and manufacturing it's not just lip service anymore it's happening and it makes total business sense i think it's so interesting to see that cross industry collaboration like catch up and ford motors that these aren't really 2 companies that i would think would work together in this way i mean i as a chemist i think a lot about it is a green chemistry that you want all of the by products of your chemical reactions to be used for their reactions and that's kind of like how i think about it but this is really created when your doctor crystal. that has been in the past only catch up and call interactions when i spilled ketchup and my car of been there from the california coast all the way over to detroit we've covered a lot of ground today guys and covered some pretty interesting topics so thanks for

that level up more for you next time on techno see this dive deep into these stories and go behind the scenes with al-jazeera don't comb slash techno follow our expert contributors on twitter facebook instagram google plus and more. play an important role human. face. in the far reaches of the new siberian islands gold rush fever is in the air. hunters searching for priceless woolly mammoth tusks of on earth the holy grail. an

incredible journey into the realms of science fiction where cloning and synthetic biology have scientists playing god. witness genesis 2.0 the hunt for the woolly mammoth on al-jazeera. may own al-jazeera will president rhodri go to tat's a succeed in shutting down t.v. giant a.b.s. c b n by may the vote will have special coverage al-jazeera world selection of the best network documentaries includes the story of on sunday gyptian composer and musician alley smile despite the coronavirus pandemic conant press ahead with the presidential elections by postal ballots the emmy award winning full kline's is back investigating the united states and its role in the world and in the u.s. election primaries presumptive democratic nominee joe biden strives to reach the official delicate threshold made on al jazeera.

rewind return to scare brainier people back to life from start and brand new updates on the best of al-jazeera is documentaries in libya i was the top of the clubs and i'm like and the other student rewind continues with children of conflict would love some peace in this world especially ingerson children genitive and he writes here rewind on al-jazeera. it's the u.k.'s biggest hospital with the eventual capacity for 4000 covert 19 patients built inside a london conference center it took just 9 days to construct with the help of army engineers dramatically expanding the critical care bed count and other similar sites are underway the actual london numbers could be much higher than advertised researches say that huge gaps in testing capacity that the government is now trying to close extrapolate that across the country and the spread of corona virus appears

far wider than anyone thought. fully back to bill in doha with a look at our main stories on al-jazeera the u.s. house of representatives has passed a new 484000000000 dollar relief bill to help keep small businesses afloat during the corner vies fund demick the legislation also provides funds for hospitals it follows a 2 trillion dollars stimulus package passed last month meanwhile our record $26400000.00 americans have lost their jobs since the end of last month in just 5 weeks all the jobs created since the end of the 2009 recession have been.