it's a very challenging place to work probably i think on a limb even though the authorities here say you can't do it it's not allowed to be a field pushing you always pushing boundaries proud of the kinds of moscow we've gone to i love god people are being detained for peacefully my parents but if it's a fact that we i know while travelling the extra mile we ought i mean we had to go we go there and we give them a chance to tell their story. in 1988 the state of israel was proclaimed. palestine was lost. 16 years later in 1964 the palestine liberation organization or the p.l.o. was founded. made up of different factions the p.l.o. has been at the heart of the struggle to regain palestine ever since.

following the expulsion from jordan p.l.o. leader yasser arafat decided to pursue the path of diplomacy. there were hopeful signs of the early seventy's but the optimism was all to come crashing down. to the people here right up to. the last segment say. well people. will feel. just good model not only new idea. but the last model are not only new ideas about

just what it was but i mean a. little model following id in nov 19th 74 yes and out of touch received a standing ovation at the general assembly you know. he had spoken over a peaceful solution for christ in the months before. for the guerrilla leader standing among statesmen it was a crown which. out of touch journey to the un had begun several years earlier. following their expulsion from jordan some palestinian factions concluded their fiery rhetoric and revolutionary zeal had harmed rather than help their cause. are you saying the same time that there will be an increase in terrorism. no i am saying there will be an increase in people who are here not us but i call in the evolution of the struggle inside palestine and i refused the

word terrorism because we are not that honest a lot of people in palestine if you are following them they are doing demonstrations every day in nablus in ramallah they are accusing there is not only conquered but why do you call this kind of as if the same time you hijack international air craft and hold hostages innocent women and children how do you expect the rest of the world to sympathize and respect the palestinian cause 1st of all the p f l p has declared lately that with this type of actions this is number one and number 2 during all of these actions which we have done previously we did not do harm to anybody however the f.l.p. operative when he heard that did not agree with how much had that descended and was expelled from the group but this did not prevent him from the organizing further operations in 1975 he sent

a group headed by the venezuelan revolutionary carlos to vienna to storm a meeting of opec and take several ministers hostage that was angry that carlos had not followed the meticulous plans he had drawn. what the 11 year 34. what dia may not have realized about carlos is narcissism which manifested itself in the opec operation carlos acted against what he is orders and when they met afterwards what the slap him. i think when carlos negotiated and released the oil ministers it gave the impression that he could be bribed which was a main reason for the failure of the operation from that moment what do you broke his connection with. tell us. a year later a group of her dad's followers hijacked an air france airliner to entebbe uganda the israelis mounted a spectacular rescue operation killing all the hijackers and freeing the hostages

despite these acts of violence the political track was moving. following the 1970 expulsion from jordan the democratic front for the liberation of palestine the d.f.l. be believed a more realistic political program was required. in 1072 it had floated the idea of accepting a 2 state solution by the summer of 1974 the p.l.o. had unanimously adopted the d.f.l. peace 10 point plan. for the 1st time the palestinians spoke about establishing an independent national authority the word israel was never explicitly mentioned in the plan but after years of armed struggle the palestinians were now implicitly recognizing the state of israel and under but managed out of the time the tell us only about money and misleading it was opposed by the process. of command and called the defeatists as genda but yet west mark. the field p.

as a bulldozer or minesweeper to clear the way for it when asked about. it took almost a year of discussions and on the eve of the b. and c. session in june of 1974 we came to a consensus with factor that b f p and the process. and the 10 point program that was adopted just weeks prior to his speech at the un artifacts received the mandate he'd long been seeking from out of leaders the arab league summit in rabat stripped jordan over its traditional role in palestinian affairs and named the p.l.o. as the sole legitimate representative of the palestinian people. for the palestinians it was a dream come true their decision making would no longer be bound by the yoke of an object that although arab states would continue to try and exert influence on palestinian militants the jordanians felt that about some of the decision pointed

the finger of blame back. what i said. i wonder what would have happened if his majesty had expressed his displeasure by withdrawing from that about summit while leaving his prime minister there jordan was being harassed jordan was made out to be the root of the problem not israel. soon after artifacts triumph at the u.n. in november 974 consensus among the different palestinian factions over the 2 state solution proposal began to falter. after its expulsion from jordan the p.l.o. had moved a tad quarters to the lebanese capital beirut. in april 1975 civil war broke out in a. lebanese politics divided into 2 camps christiane led dryden the muslim dominated left led by the socialist druze politician come out to. 4 years lebanon's muslims had clamored for a fairer distribution of political power. the palestinians felt

a natural affinity for their calls desperate not to repeat the mistakes committed in jordan the p.l.o. leader sought to keep his forces out of the lebanese. i know that arafat tried to keep the palestinians out of the wall at the beginning but that was never going to be possible impossible especially with they. especially with the common nationalisms you know the jumble. of nationalism on the palestinian version of nationalism. but by 976 the palestinians no longer felt able to stay on the sidelines in the. palestinian fighters linked up with the leftist forces and gradually advanced into the christine heart of. syria found the idea of a p.l.o. backed regime and never known a recipe for disaster it feared such areas would provoke israel into military action that would drag syria into war. for their part israel and the united states

also took a dim view of the rise of the lebanese left and its palestinian arabs in one of the more bizarre alignments of interest in the oven on syria decided to throw its weight behind the christians with a green light from washington and tacit israeli consent syria sent its army into lebanon in june of 1900. 6 to stem the palestinian leftist advance. got a polygamous story out of that and that put it in syria was asked to intervene to curb the expansion of the palestinian and lebanese leftists. the lebanese left had become troublesome to a regime that. the leader of the left come out john blatt was viewed as a threat to lebanese and arab stability. another factor was the mutual dislike between arafat and syrian president assad. syria's military intervention was stepped up following an assault on a damascus hotel by the n.t. out of the abu nidal palestinian group. the perpetrators were quickly apprehended

and hanged in public. faced with the syrian onslaught i felt appealed to the arab world for assistance accusing syria of attempting to liquidate the palestinian resistance the syrian assault force the palestinians onto the defensive. they were no longer able to mount an effective resupply of their besieged refugee camps and the christians. the camps principle among which was telling were overrun and the residents expelled or massacred. 2 arab summits were quickly convened they established what became known as the out of deterrent forces made up principally of the same syrian forces that had entered lebanon with only token representation from several other arab states syria had prevailed the value at which at. present assets view was that syria and its ability to achieve strategic parity with israel had to be supported

by 2 strong wings a lebanese wing and a palestinian wing that that is if syria was to have influence on the political scene it had to become the sole legitimate representative of syria lebanon and the palestinians. while lebanon was in the throes of conflict on another front there were moves towards peace. in 1987 egyptian president anwar sadat a longstanding ally of artifacts made a groundbreaking visit to israel to sue for peace in exchange for land. artifact was stunned but i have had had been making his own peace moves his representative in london side had been promoting the palestinian vision of a 2 state solution at the artifacts behest. of us then the. other factor in the palestinian leadership were convinced that the most important thing was achieving palestinian aspirations not the method employed to achieve them and if the method

to achieve them was a civilized and peaceful one then that would be better than a violent one. out of 5 and the p.l.o. leadership to firmly believe that. chairman arafat know very well that the 1973 war demonstrated the limits of collective action and what the international community could accept. that for the leadership of fact that was convinced that the palestinians could never achieve anything more than a state always done the lands occupied in 1967. but some palestinians took a very different view palestinian guerrilla leader abu nidal believed the 2 state solution was tantamount to capitulation he split from the p.l.o. and formed his own group calling it the revolutionary council and based it in fact that. the iraqi regime once again hostile to artifacts leadership of the p.l.o. provided backing to abu nidal splinter. in january of 178

gunmen loyal to abu nidal assassinated sight hamami at the p.l.o. office and. it was to be the 1st of many killings of federal palestinians that carry out. despite its talk of a 2 state solution the mainstream thought a 100 artifacts did not relinquish its arms struggle in march 1708 a fact that unit led by a female commando. commandeered an israeli bus near the city of haifa. in the ensuing firefight $36.00 israelis were killed or israel responded by invading southern lebanon and setting up what it termed as a security zone to drive p.l.o. forces out of rocketry which. almost a year later israel struck a massive blow against the p.l.o. by assassinating a hustler salam he was in charge of arafat's personal security. over the years he

had been developing contacts with the cia and was seen as a point man for interaction with the air because. we had through the cia some kind of a liaison or larsen ship without a house and salama. and that had to do ostensibly with security issues. and it worked embassy was never attacked in those days. now people still argue whether that relationship led to our house and saw him becoming an agent of the cia or not. i personally think that he did it but i can't prove it i was in government during that period and we were in fact receiving remarkably sensitive intelligence from inside the p.l.o. at the highest levels and i if it wasn't our house and so on it was somebody very much like him. and fats could do little to carry such blows being delivered by it

but it was a different matter when helping a dog resumed his assassination of fact the opposite example. in june 1078 from his base in baghdad aboard a dog ordered the killing of the task bureau chief. explicitly accused iraqi intelligence of complicity and it says. 2 months later the abu nidal group killed trying to expand its representative. retaliated by attacking the iraqi embassy in paris and targeting iraqi diplomats in london paris and karachi. abu nidal struck yet again on june 1st 1981 killing the p.l.o. brussels represented but abu nidal is most significant operation was to come pick a year later. 13982 and other nidal gunmen opened fire on israel's ambassador to london critically wounded. israel responded by launching the military operation more massive than its 1973 war effort

against the combined forces of egypt and syria. and 982 israeli invasion of lebanon had been an open secret for some time the lebanon israel border had been a constant point of tension as palestinians and israelis dreda drugget and artillery fire and a fact had realized that it was only a matter of time before israel launched an all out attack go ahead. oh i thought our arafat's was the only one who believe that an israeli invasion which would reach beirut was in a vital light of how much you can build the pillows military council and appoint a committee headed by the p.l.o. is chief of staff start to plan the defense of beirut. many palestinians expected a repeat of the 1978 invasion and assault with limited objects. said that many there yeah. their belief was that the israeli

operation would not extend beyond 40 kilometers from the international border this effected palestinian preparations for the invasion as well as syrian and lebanese preparations therefore resistance to the invasion in southern lebanon was ineffective. on june 6th $98.00 to $2.00 days of airstrikes israel its land invasion of lebanon. with the exception of stiff resistance put up by the defenders of the palestinian refugee camps in southern lebanon palestinian forces in general quickly collapsed commanders abandoned their fighters in the field and fled for safety out a fact was living. in the edge out of it was incredulous kept on saying in all possible he couldn't believe the israelis were advancing so far so quickly he ordered a stiffer existence later on i learned that he was very angry that there was no

real resistance such i want to have sort of the the operational headquarters in the south seriously mess calculated the commanders believed that all was lost and left i went to arafat's headquarters in beirut and told him what happened he became agitated and started swearing. syrian forces in lebanon were drawn into the fighting an epic 3 day air battle left the syrian air force virtually decimated. unable to sustain such losses syria agreed a cease fire with israel within the 1st week of the invasion the palestinians were now left on their own. along modern man my marginal half and out of i did not just accept that the syrians had been defeated he made it seem like this she didn't fight the whole but this. seeders did fight in the back of ellie and the mountains around beirut and lost lots of men and equipment but they fought to defend themselves and loved the palestinians the syrian army had not orders the check that

is raid advance of the israelis had left the syrians alone. by now the israelis had arrived at the gates of the lebanese capital but the closer they drew to beirut the tougher the fighting became they fought and they fought very brave. very brave and the siege of beirut had begun. the p.l.o. was encircled some palestinian leaders advised the p.l.o. should surrender but out of fat had other ideas he added. and the jury had gotten off. at one early meeting the leader of the p.f. lp general command homage agreeable suggested accepting israeli towns of withdrawal under the banner of the red cross this i mean red cross provided overall i've had said he would say a prayer to help them arrive at the decision and he went away and returned and said i sense the winds of heaven blowing god has ordered me to fight. the winds of heaven as i described them meant holding out for better conditions in

a bid to raise more out out a fact and his office feels toward the streets of the besieged lebanese capital. massive israeli bombardment caused civilian casualties but also strengthened the palestinians resolve. finally in august after 2 months of siege and bombardment u.s. envoy philip heavy been announced that an agreement had been. their grievance gave safe passage for the p.l.o. fighters to leave lebanon on the understanding that israeli forces would not enter west bank. the evacuation of the p.l.o. marked the end of an era. after more than 10 years and 11 on the p.l.o. was finally. it was a dramatic moment. for the fighters. for the lebanese.

and for the palestinian refugees left behind. most p.l.o. leaders next to damascus. but out of fact signaling his displeasure with syria chose to build towards. within days of the departure of the last palestinian fighters lebanese president elect bashir gemayel was assassinated. breaking the american brokered agreement israeli forces moved into west beirut under the pretext of keeping the peace. there is really is accused the p.l.o. of leaving 2000 of its fighters in beirut's refugee camps the charge was a time occasion. the israelis quickly encircled the refugee camps and brought in their allies from the christine lebanese forces militia. on september 16th 1082 dozens of lebanese forces militia men entered the some branch of the refugee camps . we knew of course that israeli had surrounded the camp and we also knew that if

that night the flares was there that the campus was lighted up we saw it from distance and after i remembered that night it was battery strange it was so quiet it was like a ghost town. and we didn't realize that inside this ghost town was the killing and the shooting. under the watchful eyes of their is really analyze the lebanese militiamen embarked on one of the most horrific massacres of modern times. skies were lit by israeli flares as the militiamen continued there. and then we started came in the same way and we saw the bodies and i went around with my tape recorder i had no crew and had no television crew in the beginning to count bodies throwing up throwing up counting bodies.

my goodness hunger. at your house and then fire. and then more bodies we found out was there in las. women killed children killed and we also saw that used by those 2 to take the rap is over that that bodies we couldn't believe our eyes. by the time it was finished the subbranch of the law massacre had claimed the lives of some 800 palestinian and lebanese civilians. the israelis set up a tribunal to investigate the massacre. in its final report the kahan commission found that israeli defense minister ariel sharon bore personal responsibility for the massacre of. the p.l.o.

in exile and no longer the force it once was could only watch impotently stripped of his base in lebanon out of fat was in the political wilderness. israel and its american benefactors had established a foothold in lebanon on one that syria backed by the soviet union sought to overthrow in the eyes of the massacres the much weakened p.l.o. was ripe for the taking and the defeat of the acid artifact was of no political consequence but for the master of palestinian politics who had just emerged from doing battle with the israelis the fight for survival was about to enter a new and bloodier phase. expelled from their base in jordan in lebanon and left in the political wilderness valiant was rising in the ranks of the p.l.o. but was this just another inevitable step on the road to victory this is

a fact of the long march to our cup that just for the conflict that would cost out of sight his leadership in life. chronicling the turbulent story of the struggle for a palestinian home. p.l.o. history of a revolution on al-jazeera. on the deserted streets of they've become familiar figures couriers on bicycles delivering food and medicine to lock down colombians most of them here are venezuelan migrants like almost a mother of 4 says contagion is always on her mind none of them receive health insurance for their work and exposing themselves and very few seem to have it yet there may be a bright side people who look down on them as a skilled migrants now say they're essential to control the virus and receive messages on the scene that we are you know as i was a nurse back home what i am doing is not all that different from my passion helping others. point to prime minister takes

a lump of coal into his own parliament that call means a lot to the country's fortunes we bring you the stories and developments that are rapidly changing the world we live in get a break that was a slogan that won it for the prime minister boris johnson counting the cost on al-jazeera. rewind returns a can bring your people back to life i'm sorry updates on the best of al-jazeera documentaries in libya how was the global for us and the like and the others today rewind continues with me going into a war zone he said the 1st thing i look for is the exit it's on how to get it it's all to get out that nobody sees your pictures there's no point going to these places rewind on al-jazeera. we understand the differences and similarities of cultures across the world. so no matter what you see al-jazeera will bring you the news and current affairs that matter to you.

al-jazeera. this is al-jazeera. hello i'm sam is a that this is the news hour live from coming up in the next 60 minutes playmaker half a $1000000000.00 and lower oil demand leaves tankers sitting in the ocean the financial impact of the pandemic and it's. a 2nd night of rioting in lebanon as you can see crash pushes it sick.