one on a 0. 0 . 0600 hours g.m.t. on al-jazeera i'm come all santamaria and these are the headlines the united states has broken with all other permanent members of the un security council and declared so-called snapback sanctions on iran america's major allies britain france and germany had already written to the un to say sanctions relief would remain in place this dispute is over the iran nuclear deal which washington pulled out of 2 years ago and so they have a signature say the u.s. no longer has the legal power to force through any changes in this report is from

a diplomatic at a james pace. it's aroud it's even pitted the u.s. against some of its closest allies and it's now over 5 years since the iran nuclear deal was signed in vienna joining the negotiations the us team under the leadership of the then secretary of state john kerry devised a mechanism called snap back if iran breached its commitments all international sanctions could snap back into place but that's not the way things played out the united states will withdraw from the iran nuclear deal it was the u.s. under president trump that pulled out of the deal 2 years ago. despite this in objections from the rest of the international community the u.s. still argues it could trigger a snapback the one thing that the previous administration got right is they created

provision where under u.n. security council resolution 2231. any one of the nations identified there had the right to say we want the sanctions that were in place prior to this that moment to snap back and that's what will do the rest of the world have ignored the u.s. declaration and in some ways more important than snap back is what happens on november the 3rd but one of the diplomats who negotiated the iran deal told me even if joe biden is elected president on that day getting back into the deal might not be that easy i don't think it's as easy as some people have made it out to be that president i'm certain i want that yes and then everything we go back to status quo ante i think actually you're i mean insert why it's you argue that 8 man out and say she or the sanctions or other countries may see the united states issues coming out of. your ass so i think it's going to be much more complicated than just the

station yet diplomats say. in the scenes a great deal of pressure was put on the other members of the security council to support the u.s. position only one country the small nation of dominican republic did whatever washington says it seems that the plan to snap back sanctions has failed james. at the united nations the other headlines and protesters in thailand have continued their calls for a reform of the political system and the monarchy demonstrators place to pluck in the park next to the grand palace in bangkok tens of thousands of protesters have also called for the resignation of the prime minister who took power in a coup and one disputed elections last year people been gathering outside the u.s. supreme court to honor justice ruth bader ginsburg who died at the age of 87 president trump says he will nominate a woman to replace her as a partisan battle begins to fill the court's 9th seat police in belarus have

detained more than 300 people at a women's protest they defied a crackdown demanding the resignation and are demanding the resignation of president alexander lukashenko following last month's disputed election a growing number of coronavirus cases among refugees on the greek island of kos is causing concern at least 214 people have tested positive the 1st case detected at the start of the month 9000 refugees have been moved into a new camp after their previous one burned down 10 days ago they are being tested before they enter donald trump says he will approve a deal to allow the social media app to talk to keep operating in the us he said in agreement with the tech firm oracle and supermarket chain wal marts to take over the u.s. operations of the chinese owned app would get his blessing the white house had applied pressure on the company over what it called national security concerns as you headlines on al-jazeera ocean's monopoly stuff next.

for millenia the oceans lay outside the dominion of man. as state's influence extended only 3 nautical miles from the coast a little further than a cannonball could travel but then humans discovered the ocean floor. and the largest land grab in won't history began.

tom apply and i'm in the bedroom of rodeo should in the north atlantic twice i've sold it twice in small yachts and also crossed in a bottle bug in the community. to mate with him when i lived on rock hill in this some people call a survival capsule i call it a wooden box it's a house like this is my house this is a one man house i lived in it's a 40 day it did the job. it kept the wind off me i was warm and dry but don't

forget i'm right at the top of the cliff it's just straight down to the city. hall mclean is one of the u.k.'s greatest adventure has he crossed the atlantic 5 times the 1st time in a globe and once in a vessel shaped like a beer bottle for his latest trip he sailed from newfoundland supposed chicle in the smallest sailboat ever to cross the atlantic. and. soon mclean traveled to new york in a boat built to resemble a whale. but it was more than an adventure it. was a mission a mission done in service to a mother and. somebody said oh well what about killed and

go in there but so we all said rock or rock was right there in the middle of the atlantic and there seems to be a dispute who owns it and i thought what if i be your 1st civilian to reside on rock call and that would help the case it wasn't quite so good the wind carried their safety line. they closed in without it. it is very dangerous there now you can see how lumpy is quite dangerous. they were far from ok after that momentary triumph but then on the attic the big way down i go down there was 54th straight down into the foam flies helplessly into the sea. the landing at 1985 most cost told him to clean his knife. but he eventually made it to safety and flew in london. getting to the top was only

the beginning however great britain we wanted to claim the lockers and i learned but for that to happen international law stipulated that tom must remain there for $21.00 days or more when the boat turned to go home and leave me for the 1st time. i was glad to see them go i was on my adventure i'm here with iraq and the birds i'm happy to be here the chiefs are making history. and those who may challenge it brittania ruled these waves. for the u.k. it was about more than just claiming a lump of granite in the ocean the real objective was to secure the resource which a oh yeah oh around local the islet was to play a key won't push territorial claims.

the main players in british maritime claims work in an office on the south coast of india and. it's a fascinating area of work to do it it's there's not often somebody working in oceans signs that you do get the opportunity to mix both the legal on the technical aspects and see how they work together almost in order to develop something on behalf of the state. but we have the united kingdom to the east and as we further west we passed the rock all rock itself onto the plateau the land area of great britain and 240000 square kilometers the area that the u.k. have submitted for the rock as 163000 square kilometers. would be to.

my main reason to go to rockall was to inhabit it and if i stayed in international law less than 21 days i'm only visited i had to stay more than 21 days and by staying there more than 21 days it in fact 40 days it wasn't iraq it's an oil and i made it or not and. local. for the u.k. to claim the territorial sea overwhelmed along it had to prove that it was inhabitable yet the eyelids could be easily confused with any walk and tom stay was controversial so controversial that the u.k. had to put another territory into the mix st kilda the archipelago increased the british crowns claimed 516-0000 square kilometers st kilda has been deserted ever since its 36 remaining inhabitants left almost

a century ago but humans lived there once and they could live there again at least theoretically. what does the u.k. want with all this water. what do you mean by owning a piece of the ocean. the idea of the ocean has changed over time. mums from the promise to show how the lives and their kotoko of his mum saw the world and they flew to an ocean is very much sure what was important to them and also. before 1492 before columbus's journey to the americas the ocean as a broad portion of the world surface as a as

a major space that figured into our sense of the globe really wasn't there in the middle ages the world was thought to be a single large landmass a veritable mega continent without ocean. so the ocean really plays no role at all except to show a limit the ocean shows the limit of society and shows the limits of actually of god's kingdom of the kingdom on earth to the east beyond the ocean clay eden lay that the promised land lay heaven beyond that there was really nothing baptist. for most of human history the oceans were projection screens for the imagination of an unexplored an irrepressible loves a mighty barrier a place of terror. despite its dangers the ocean became more and more important over the centuries. as global trade

developed merchant fleets transformed the oceans into vast shipping lanes people from past centuries would never have dreamed of laying claim to the ocean for them it was a blue. it's full with dangers and obstacles that needed to be overcome a sailor's journey to foreign lands. and of course the 2 dimensional but it's ironic because the ocean is so material a 3 dimensional you know we you step into the ocean you sink. yet in the 19th and 20th centuries something happened that changed our idea of the ocean for africa the seabed became a place of exploration in 858 as the transatlantic cape was being late engineers noticed variation in the oceans could this be evidence of undersea

mountains the 1st scientific study of the ocean floor was undertaken by the german survey vessel meteo in 1925 scientists today likened the expedition to columbus's 1st voyage which began the exploration of a towering incognita a previously unknown land over the next few decades a picture of the undersea cosmos gradually emerged. suddenly we've kind of developed this new awareness of the seabed of the underneath of course this itself is also kind of a fantasized idealisation of the ocean because you're imagining that you can see through the water column the water is missing from here the fish are missing a subtle way the topography of the seabed is quite literally brought to the surface . of the discovery of the seabed radically changed our idea of the ocean the ocean was no longer just water it was 1st and foremost a land mass

a vast expanse that belongs to no one but that could perhaps be seen just. this man had a groundbreaking idea. the president of the united states harry else truman a man whose influence far reaching and any other man on earth. how he truman asserted his country's influence with nothing claiming this ocean was a territory of territory under water that could be annexed just. part of the united states. enormous quantities of oil fell into the gulf of mexico but the oil lay beyond the 3 miles island in which coastal states could exercise their song rights truly wanted more people wanted new terms story for the night it states the superpower needed more more oil urgently oil reserves on the mainland no longer

sufficed. our dependence on these minerals and raw materials is so fresh and our supply so uncertain that we are moving as rapidly as we can and by every means that ingenuity can devise to expand facilities to step up production find new sources develop substitutes and bring in increased supplies from foreign sources. after to 2nd world war in $1045.00 then us president truman issued a proclamation. declaring that the natural resources in the. seabed and subsoil belong to the united states of america. in convincing the world that the american president not only had no will but also

the right to incorporate undersea territory truman used an argument that built on a recent discovery some areas of the seabed oceanic others a continental. the us had to have this kind of basis of a jew logical link between its land mass and the land mass submerge and lead to its territory. andy an idea of the geological continental shelf is the basis which the us saw as. a legal basis as well they had to finally end the bases that they found most convincing most of course science. but the.

odds of being at sea and i'm not so cursed by ever what is it must there should be yeah let's encourage 15 year tours like this name years. in. our business in the us we are by to get. the argument that the continent continues on made up the core of truman's justification this was the more convincing because the historical events that legitimized this theory which by far into history. possibly far. entire do if keep this. time in true terms. the korean talent left by mehdi army on minimum. will feed your cat is

a geophysicist at the alfred baker institute in play my husband alfred vega noticed that the coastlines of north and south america seems to fit together with those of us and africa like pieces of a possible. indeed carnegie lookee in differ on found on one of the dark horse dusty couldn't i much as some. pianist. in record scientists today believe there was once a supercontinent that at some point began to drift apart in the early 20th century this idea seemed completely preposterous. this being water sanitary. just. could turn. out to damage that kind of supervise and. this is on the continent on them in the atmosphere to nothing we

only outs work invalid us africa the american doctors and indian. muslims if. one does this to cure the present. indian. it's here. to cost us as the con invite not. back these are but i hear that's where the quote entire. went on he has only planted delegates as a. were these are up or kunder that could depend. on this have to be done article sausan of the feel of. gospel. the idea that this submerged land mass is really a problem given of your land territory you know it's who can argue that this would not be partly right territory. the more people became aware of

large quantities of oil and gas in the ocean floor the more coastal states tried to claim it for themselves they called for an international law based on the geological definition of a continental shelf yet many states resisted the earth's history has not favored each country equally to brushless learned how to answer by can share. sponsor and assassin buffy apart from. africa to acquire a particular made up artist doesn't stop but didn't want him hiding context record a picture of us learned. to balance out the geological differences that emerged over hundreds of millions of years the nations of the world abandoned the geological definition of a continental shelf in favor of a legal definition that applies to all coastal states uniformly the godless of its undersea geology every country is granted a continental shelf extending 200 nautical miles out to sea its exclusive economic

zone. so these did they be of these 200 as a magic number became acceptable to many states at the conference but the broad margin states did not accept this because of course they were as far as they're concerned they would come out as a loser and it's not just the us and it also other states such as canada russia is also one of those states so they were not willing to give this up. ultimately states with a wide continental shelf prevailed a clueless with momentous consequences was quietly appended to the law of the sea convention the clause in question is article 76 it says that the state can lay claim to his geological continental shelf in addition to his legal continental

shelf provided that the state can supply data demonstrating the shelves outer limits within 10 years. the time limit triggered a veritable one on the world's oceans and the largest land allocation in world history. for the 1st time in the history of humanity a land grab occurred based not only more on. traditional forms of cholera but rather on geological findings. scientists have a special role in the case of the ocean because the physical difference isn't as obvious it's not as experienced if you're on an island detention no you're on an island you can experience where land meets water i have no idea where the seabed ends you know where the continental shelf fans and you know nobody does from every day observation.

so all i would like to explain now actually article $76.00 of the conventional actually works and it's all about natural. laws so we have. actually learned continues under water or something like this everything is decided by the point where the continental gradient drops off at the foot of the continental slope this spot is used to calculate the show outer limits the state can choose between 2 formulas it can extend its borders 60 nautical miles or 100 kilometers from this point see woods tran be more advantageous however to use the sediment thickness will because the settlements on the mainland to the states has a territorial claim to this part of the seabed the thicker the layer of sediment

the better according to the thickness of all the continental shelf extends until the point where the thickness of sediment amounts to one percent of the distance from the foot of the slope. because no one only chests understand geological data only thing. determined to follow the state so when winds extend over the initial pence the commission of acts to respond to things with the global community recognizes the states and has so far in bullet has evolved 1. 0 non-si. mcteague the. zune or. commission on the limits of the pond. as pows idiotic and zap it is as is g.'s e instead to join you bob peeped then join sed head busy sure if we

had each really involved. would. call him helped build this commission yes now he is among the fiercest critics. g. home in your. paper. clips are spot on. it's bad when fog that our mocked our dinner tonight in president. the $21.00 geologist of the continental shelf commission would build d.c. to the united nations plaza filming it is for. the members may speak to the public in spite of precisely because of the fact that their decisions can change

maritime nations. easily. i now confidentiality the. best i have jean de. mint. i joe busy ron have you noticed and so damn it dan her dad he needs. why this good i was lying to and then does it i wait of contingency from father i know it's crazy but does i just sheesh miser you know house. rewind returns. with updates on the backs down to see these documentaries think. we've done. a little.

rewind continues we can comfortably numb this is because a central challenge and this is the section where they're holding prisoners on drug charges users and dealers here that has 120 of them in 3 different sounds on al-jazeera. building a wall was the promise made in the bid for the white house 0 tolerance approach at the southern border became government policy detaining children and separating families the stark reality that picture too much to bear for many americans in a country that was built on immigration. follow the key issues of the us elections on al-jazeera this lambs of manila home to extraordinary town and move little bit occasion and hard work to transform child scavengers just sucked into a professional on the arena she has the strains technically she's a very strong

a mixed martial arts fighter just a bunch of his way from the streets to success in the ring so i could tell you this if you're stepping stone. this long on al-jazeera. whoop. part 2 of ocean's monopoly is coming up but 1st a check on the headlines and the u.s. has broken with a whole other permanent members of the u.n. security council and declared so-called snapback sanctions on iran and america's major allies britain france and germany had already written to the u.n. to say sanctions relief would stay in place this dispute is over the iran nuclear deal which washington pulled out of 2 years ago more from assad begun to. well the rain reaction has been pretty much consistent that is that the united states is in

no position to reimpose these sanctions or even trigger this back mechanism because they're no longer a part of that 2015 nuclear deal that divides raef the foreign minister here was speaking last night now he reiterated that point but there does seem to be concern from the iranians about united states unilateral actions such as stopping iranian ships now iran has warned if that does happen iran will respond to the headlines protesters in thailand have continued their calls for a reform of the political system and the monarchy a place to plug in a park next to the grand palace in bangkok demonstrators are also demanding the resignation of the prime minister who took power in a coup and one disputed elections last year people been gathering outside the u.s. supreme court to honor justice ruth bader ginsburg has died at the age of 87 president donald trump says he will nominate a woman to replace her as a partisan battle begins to fill the courts 9 seat police in better research have

detained more than 300 people at a women's protest defied a crackdown to demand the resignation of president alexander lukashenko following last month's disputed election the growing number of coronavirus cases among refugees on the greek island of lesbos is causing concern at least 214 people have tested positive the 1st case detected at the start of the month i'm 1000 refugees of been moved into a new camp after their previous one europe's largest burns down 10 days ago and president obama says he will approve a deal to allow the social media app to talk to keep operating in the united states he said in agreement with a tech from oracle and the supermarket chain wal-mart to take over the u.s. operations of the chinese own depp would get his blessing the white house had applied pressure of a tick tocks parent company but dance over what it called national security concerns. that's my lot for today thanks for your company sammy said i has your next news inhofe now.

and the disease because his dad's children. ought. to take. it. to see new leaf.

commission of ex-pats was founded in new york where the global community recognizes states suffering borders as pows who do you got there and zachary is s d z institute joined bob peeped. for the 1st time in the history of humanity a land grab occurred based not only more on traditional forms of power but rather on geological findings. of the experts who tipped the scales in loring's about maritime territories a notoriously unforthcoming one members agreed to speak about the commission on the condition the team meters not in new york but in which city in frons. thing and personally i have always felt that we could do an effort to actually be more transparent and to communicate more. to.

me. so my name is walter roost i'm a marine physicist he worked at it from air france and i'm a member of the u.n. commission on the limits of the continental shelf. well the 1st thing i should say is that you know the work of the commission yes it's true it's quite. 3 that very confidential fashion and the main reason behind that from the beginning of this 2 reasons one is that we're dealing with sovereign rights of states secondly many of the states submit data that are actually confidential data derives from petroleum industry francis so and those data they have to be treated with a very high level of confidentiality there were powerful interests behind the

state's petitions seabeds data have enormous economic significance this information contains important clues for where natural resources might be located 'd industries and states are not inclined to share this information which can be worth billions i think what we did what i could say is that as members of the commission i think we consider ourselves really scientific and technical experts but we also. cautions of the fact that our recommendations or decisions that we make have huge impact both politically economically. and so on so is it possible to distinguish those 2. for geologists in the commission to have the job of evaluating continental shelf data submitted by countries officially the commission only makes recommendations but since their conclusions are not

cooperated by anyone else they have de facto or pfoa t. to decide which nations get which territories. 5 nations that border the arctic ocean are in a bid to extend their software in why it's in the direction of the north pole denmark canada us norway and russia each wants as much territory is possible the area is best. managing to contain 10 percent of the world's oil was a. jew via a core of. me ed sushi. if. for . us we're doing is is hince

has put down. russians. who. understood how to take advantage of the new. in 2002 he was one of the 1st countries to submit a claim to the continental shelf commission the russians asserting to no less than the entire essential arctic an area of $1500000.00 square kilometers including the north pole coal hinz was known as the man who shot down blushes claim on account of insufficient scientific evidence employed a trick that many states are using to push through their claims even often there which it. is and is a country and. this is a boat. of the 1st.

or the also este. ron. i am a fresh one of. the. missions. in the race to control the world's oceans data is key if a claim is what nations can have just collect more information this effectively allows countries to circumvent the commission's 10 year deadline governments can submit new reports until their claims who approved each additional geological submission brings with it a fresh room for interpretation the name of the game is if you want to have the best answer for your time boundaries. nor the best answer for your extended continental shelf you go out and collect the best modern day data possible to go

and use for your final application for law the seed to ensure that the answer is the best that it can be. russia has since submitted it with fines to date to the continental shelf commission but canada and denmark want to know phone. how can other countries with the same scientific arguments claim the same territory . is an ocean and water is a continent it is a question of just speak to the commission evaluates the scientific data and makes a decision if the for or against a state's claim once a claim is approved it is binding and cannot be with 1st.

i don't know i mean we have no. if we replace all members of the commission that the cleeve we have 21 new members and we would give them the same case it would be get the same result can be quite certain we will not get exactly the same result so i. i don't believe that the commission can be a 100 percent right because 100 percent right does not exist in natural sciences we're talking about interpreting based all right up to this past date of. the commission is a clip of textbooks selected by the. nations of the 21 members on the commission 19 come from countries that others write the territorial expansion to national interests plane decisions of its members inserts against the recommendations and tested.

and the fans turn so good. i've tried on top of. this is that i need to work out charm in every age i did my. country there could be lots of the problems your nobody. hiking some well there were 2 candidates. from malta. and all i can say is that jamaican want. my kulacz puts the international seabed to. say it is a type of executive council of the ocean floor they supervise with the states on able to get their hands on with continental shelf claims the i.s.a.'s official is

that the deep sea is the common heritage of mankind they believe that the ocean belongs to everyone the common heritage concept includes. a number of basic ideas the 1st idea is that. it's an area over which no single state can claim sovereignty and it has to be administered for the benefit of all mankind. the seabed or for 2 years the toll distributing which is that are not in the sovereign areas of national states if a country or company makes a profit from mining minerals the i s a ensures that poor countries and countries without coastal borders receive a share. when founding the i s a states agreed to make environmental regulations as strict as possible for deep

sea mining in the international waters because no one knows its effect on the merits of the ecosystem. so the i say has no standing in the continental shelf commission it's not an observer to the commission it has no right to object to a recommendation of the commission. the commission's recommendations go only to the coastal state that is making the submission and not to anybody else. the ocean compass ever 360000000 square kilometers almost 3 quarters of the earth's surface. and. over 40 percent of this area has been assigned to deal continental shelves. claims on expanded geological

continental shelves make up another 10 percent of the ocean. it is now projected that around 57 percent of the oceans will eventually be under the control of the coastal states. in the year 2000 and that's the latest set of figures that we have the international seabed authority which is based in jamaica they came up with an estimate as they saw that governments were starting to work through this more recent component for a lot of the sea for the extended continental shelf they have a figure just just below $12000.00 us trillion dollars is the in-situ estimate of seabed resources in the expanded continental shelf. estimates about the quantity of natural resources buried in the seabed are highly

speculative but if the figure of $12000.00 trillion u.s. dollars is white it would be enough to every person on earth a check for one and a half $1000000.00. for this is one of the country's leading the charge to claim a piece of the pie like current nothing has a leg up over many other states a colonial past. please leave. blues. in a realm of. say they flee she. do or do. not want to feel at least one of. the. well out.

of the thanks to its colonial past france administers islands in almost every ocean of the world now it stands to gain substantial maritime territory in each. currently france has 11 claims pending the continental shelf commission. says it is on t.v. . it is. declan regularly did not print says is. definitely. the.

france has claimed territories amounting to some 12000000 square kilometers around 20 times the size of continental farms if the claims are. it will become the world's 2nd largest maritime nation its sovereign wide stretching over an area of the ocean almost as large as the entire arctic less yachts also. you know there are a little him all this limo and bulldog. us a good. leader of our blood to want you not our idiot it could just remodel a bit more now because i do security doing it don't drive or. deprived of control so some of that predict not pass up last.

which is going to. be not a city despite your. clearly. that's your daily look at the courts not bad or last disease do put in his shell see day go off or send decision t o. s to that button off that there's the down to the ball saunders going to. that of the on the shelf here is. force he needs. something for. the want that much or not

better may i meet are. don't walk scott do some unity bus will shut either the boat different base support for sunni shock. when a boarding is you also where you need the forces not best. served up or didn't see 4 sets up off. the grid to meet your king of. ireland's would present a crucial trump card in the battle to control the world's oceans it's all about geometry because islands are surrounded by water their software into a drawing extends around them in a circle even if an island were just a small block it's maraton so it would be larger than germany.

if a group of islands forms and i'll keep a common base line around the entire cluster violence is used to calculate the maritime territory. this man is japan's hope in the race to claim the won't oceans he cracks the genetic code of a life form the could help japan i'd say 400000 square kilometers to its territory . is a geoscientist in the university of tokyo he specializes in cold. isms that display characteristics of both animals and plants. going to the mall all of them up and it's ok with a lot they get it quite got up and always will step that we all. yet kayani has delved further into their biology into the secret of their reproduction

and found a method for breeding them on a large scale. aussies on the go to the mall. at the bottom of it it's akin to what i mean out of the often this is echoed argument on the other you know in this. mass produced coles $60000.00 tiny coal babies are being artificially bred to farm on a small island off the coast of okinawa but for won't hurt us. looking at all wish him a is located 1700 kilometers south of tokyo it is a small cold matter during high tide he clears the surface by a mere centimeters japan regards it as an island but the existence of

a q notorious under threat. and i see him in ga and he just said. yourself with a lot of us going to the mall is one of the. so you kenya this. panel has decided that kinda true or you know to find its maritime area which presents a massive territorial expansion bringing with it so when whites over fish and other natural resources. to get. them. there. and so the kids are. not the ones. in. all. this

territory be lost if the wheat disappears. coals being used to save the ad told thousands of them have been shipped to a canoe taurine to preserve that we find make it as large as possible a pilot project on an island taiwan is studying what might one day look like things to coles. soon ok natori could become open wheel island like the pilot project. which consists entirely of cargo. pants whistles fulness is not being welcomed by everyone however it's you maritime claims over tensions with his powerful neighbor china which it's a face currently involved in island territory disputes with the home of countries.

states attempts to extend their maritime zones as far as possible many international conflicts have arisen. require. in the south china sea 8 countries a fine 1000 fold only business value to $100000000000.00 as. there is no part of the world that is safer than others in other words with 53 percent of all maritime boundaries within the easy. we're seeing conflicts raising up to volatile levels driven predominantly by resource development for the off shore typically will end up having a coastal frontage area that looks like this and let's say that we have a land boundary we're country a is sitting here and country b. is sitting here back in the seventy's when we were moving from oil and gas

exploration on land to the marine area they may have negotiated a provisional boundary that sort of allowed them for country a to issue offshore oil and gas blocks and country b. and let's say in a so in a more recent scenario an extremely large discovery is made and let's say the neighboring country country b. then all of a sudden size we'd like to have some of that so they are starting to propose new boundaries as this initial line was not even a modern day accepted boundary line. have become contestants territories the well. everyone wants a piece of the design new boundaries of being tooling for dividing up the switches powerful industries only move in the deep sea no one can predict the consequences of this industrialization of the wilds bhushan. they are the

consequences of a whiff aleutian that began years ago and has mostly gone unnoticed the ocean is being defined you don't like. and. you also have to realize that the oceans are few too so we need to have some way of. deciding who is responsible for walk and where and when. so. at this point in time this is maybe not the ideal solution but this is the solution that was created with the convention. the world's oceans little more than it is continents build with a cohesive ecological system a sensitive continues in which want comes to one we can effect the health as. it is now up to the lowest nations whether it would take the sponsibility with a new climate maritime territories.

2 and though there is a fairly quiet picture across much of the middle east well into bits and pieces of travel really nothing more than that the winds have been nice and they'll stay fairly light as well through sunday maybe just a little bit so strong that for the interior of iraq so we could just have some sand and dust being picked up but you'll notice we have got a few showers there all evolving across into more central west as a turkey to become more widespread as we move on through monday is that in the clouds also begins to spread across much of the country on it towards the caspian sea again there showers could just travel into more northern areas of iran how much wiser go $44.00 in baghdad on monday and $36.00 endo has been about this level for the last few days feeling a little bit humid but to even say not see about

a tool for september then into central africa lots of activity here showers and thunderstorms and again with abusing a few more of those further south into more northern areas of angola but when you have further to the south it really has been about the way. coming from the interior and homages have been well above the average. and the northeast of south africa along the coast you could just see some fairly brisk winds developing on monday and that will keep things a little bit cool there but it does begin to improve in botswana temperatures coming back down close to the average a similar scenario across in johannesburg. after nearly 2 decades of conflict in afghanistan. the warring parties meet face to face at the negotiating table we're watching now we're in a different phase and wish the afghan can't blame the united states to do so it's also looking at it with urgency it's

a blast but i don't see that the. some of the key players in the peace process talk to al-jazeera. the u.s. is always of in fact the people wrote the world people pay attention to what you told here now does it is very good to bring the news to the world from here. the u.s. says sanctions have been reimposed on iran but members of the u.n. security council are refusing to comply. hello i'm sam is a damn this is al jazeera live from doha also coming up protesters in bangkok challenge the monarchy with a plaque that claire in thailand belongs to the people. so i think we're going to

start the brushes extremely soon. you will have a nominee version of president trump says he could choose.