rocket harvest i think though the main technical innovation that editing him and did that that very few people done before him was he played the guitar almost like a piano you know he did the finger tapping on the song eruption with classical virtue austerity and the soul of blues music and that that really set virtue aussie high level amongst guitarists from from then from then on. i think green his signature charisma into that as well you know that combination of blues music and and his library ness all all really will have a strong legacy. this is al jazeera these are the top stories. prime minister has been replaced by an opposition politician who was freed from jail by protest is widespread anti-government demonstrations have seen opposition supporters taking most of the

capital's government buildings across this is led to the results of sunday's parliamentary election being a no talent staff that has the latest from diskette people you can see behind me supporters and representatives of various political parties a number of which are members of the set up yesterday and what i said i guess they called the coordination council which represents around 8 political parties and they've been making some pretty fiery speeches this morning so far they're demanding all that they're demanding that the president is impeached there demanding that. all parliamentary members come together for a meeting a session we had a parliamentary session yesterday but it was we understand only around 20 employees took part in that emergency session. white house adviser stephen miller has become the latest administration official to test positive for the covert 19 around

a dozen white house officials have now tested positive including the president the virus has also spread to the defense department and a number of senior commanders are in isolation. there's been fierce fighting of a nice as armenia and azerbaijan continue basso over the disputed nickel mccotter back region people in the territories main cities took shelter to avoid shelling from asa by jon yes by johnny saeed say media has also launched attacks on several regions. facebook is removing accounts and pages promoting annan a us conspiracy group online post started 2017 the group claims u.s. president donald trump is battling an alleged child trafficking ring run by celebrities and government officials. say you have lies news continues hinault is there to inside story. not just the republican party but america needs

4 more years of president donald trump in the white house then the outcome of this election will determine i believe the poorest of our country for generations to come live coverage of the vice presidential debate on a. 3 virus hunting scientists win the nobel prize for decades of research into hipaa to see with millions of lives saved and hope for eradication why is there were being rewarded now and what kind of teach us about fight against covert 19 this is inside story. hello and welcome to the program. doha as the world battles and u.n.

deadly pathogen 3 scientists have been honored for their work on a virus that's above its people for decades hypnotized to see harvey alter michael holton and charles weiss are sharing the nobel prize for medicine research dating back to the 1960 s. successfully identify the virus limited it's spread and let effective treatments but as with the new corona virus there's no vaccine hepatitis c. it causes potentially fatal liver disease it's transmitted through budget if you know it's including blood disorder says while medical advances have improved our weapons against viruses political well is what's needed to defeat them the issues now are really not science anymore the science and hepatitis c. has gotten to the point. we we don't really need better drugs than we already have

we don't need better test than we already have but we need is the. political will to eradicate it his fellow laureates professor vice believes it's a likely hepatitis c. it will be eradicated by the double targets in 10 years his says the spotty because many countries have banned research on chimpanzees which is more effective than studies on rodents one of the challenges with the axioms is really sort of having a predictive model in which to you know sort of test your ideas and your vaccine candidates and. certainly one of the aspects of that that is fluid process is slow that process is these are an ability to sort of use. primate models for those kinds of. efficacy us. so as

you can probably glean from what's happening with the of the 19 vaccine efforts there are a myriad of different platforms that could potentially be. used to develop a vaccine also against. against appetite a seed need to actually take even one of the one that it takes to. get it into the clinic is very difficult. let's bring in our guests stephen griffith is an associate professor at leeds university and of the virus division of the u.k. microbiology society in east bourne philippa is a broke is an epidemiologist and scientist with the world health organizations global hip otitis program and joining us from stowe in the u.s. state of vermont is dr bob arnot former chief medical correspondent at n.b.c.

new year's welcome to the program stephen quite fascinating the long journey it took us scientists to understand the disease and also the swedish while academy to recognize their legacy yes that's right i mean i've worked in them to see for something like 20 years now and of course it was you know personal discovery back in 1909 so it's probably a good time now to recognize that now we have these new drugs and different treatments for patients which is a fantastic advance and largely thanks to the prize winners that we're talking about today philip are 8 the swedish royal academy is known for taken with really some time before recognizing the work done by scientists is because they're in this particular field you need more time to verify the scientific scientific

research and its impact. well i think this is very much what we've seen in that the whole history of the nobel prizes the pave the recognition comes long after the original work was undertaken but i think what we are now seeing that happened i did see is the direct different items of their accomplishments and identifying the causative virus in identifying a diagnostic test and then following that the the development of antiviral treatments the targeted have the time to see and so we are now being able to reap the full benefits and see the full outcome of that their their contributions and we now have these highly effective treatments. a diagnostic test that was able early on to immediately screen blood products and stop important transmission on the 3 of

the virus but with the names of the 3 scientists all to houlton and dries came out i think the 1st suppressing among many people was basically that these people made some seminal work offend you get the impression that the achievement was somehow overlooked or overshadowed by others and this explains why i think it took the swiss academy the time to say finally you know what it's about time to all of these people i thought i saw the as a these are very very good you know it just has so many things going on and so much of what your biology is stunning advances was sort of left in a backwater for many years ago you know what they did back then great done in a very short period of time now is you know much sequencing fantastic speed but you know nobel prize when i was in the last i did and they did said you know we're very careful you know we really want to make sure that we get this one right and you know it's attributed but as a lot of us leave though our lives is very researchers and medical doctors are

proud cast journalists and we have little achieved. it's all way along the way that will make us feel good about our careers these people were out in that dark me they were larry having no idea they'd ever find anything and what are your devote your lives to a cause like that. those many years that much doubt we ever find anything i think that's really the test the nobel and remember too that 1st day they knew they were selling the bloody no idea what it was and finally the 1st richer 5 stuff finds that 2nd one then finds the antibodies thinking about the test and then the 3rd one years later then finds the therapies are very long strength but you porton so it has which is so critical is that there are still 17000000 people in the world today we're back to have a time silly and there are nearly 400000 deaths which is utterly and completely inexcusable given the availability of drugs which are just too expensive for them

so many parts of africa nation stephen we all love those discoveries the make the world a better place to live in and what is interesting about these 3 scientists is that when you look of them they were working in different wells with different perspectives all to show that the blood for the hepatitis patients could transmit the disease and then horton isolates of the gene it genetic sequence as weiss provided the final bit of the puzzle by showing how the virus alone could cause the disease i mean quite remarkable how separate works brought together that discovery that made an impeccable change in the world. that's right and it has. and each of these discoveries preceded more another and they will try to. and it. speaks to the difficulty it working but it's been secure a lot less i mean even. since. something like 1617

years before getting growth in mars and so since then which wouldn't have been happening apart from these these 3 is going to raise that's when a drug discovery process really kicks in and the drug discovery against this virus has been. transferred to the successful but also very compressed period of time considering other viruses that we sayn and so these these terrorists really are. a tremendous success around cigar discovery but it's really as we just not the finest . people infected with this iris we have a disproportionate and that is less well countries and we really still do need a vaccine across market hounds working very hard now. philip why is it why is this fight far from over because when you look at places like egypt. and

where the infection rate is really increasing through the year why why is it of that particular stage. well i think we now have this incredible 2 of the highly effective treatments that are available of affordable affordable price but what needs to be in place to mount a response you need a national plan you need a lavar tree infrastructure you need a testing infrastructure she need a supply chain you need a prick you're meant strategy you need to train the health care workers so this is what it takes to fight an epidemic and of course we many of the same principles apply are applying with with with coverage and i think many countries have stepped up very well and there are some champion countries one of which you refer to egypt

but also a row under in georgia and mongolia. as well as some high income countries including sort of australia from. scotland england and others that have her recognised that this is a public health problem and have mounted a response and i think it's not all about the drugs the drugs have been found with the catalyst to enable the response and what was also important was the rapid decline in the drug prices and it took 1520 years for us to see this in the h.i.v. weald but in a very short space of time from a all time high so for almost a you know a $100000.00 for a treatment very quickly down to a 1000 and then $500.00 for a 12 week treatment course i'm now less than $50.00 that is quite phenomenal but all these other mechanisms need to be put in place and the testing and the

diagnosis is extremely important having high quality low cost diagnostics and being able to make it simple and straightforward and the other. important thing is we don't need specialists to be the only wants treats he notes this is a very straightforward very well tolerated regimen and so as we learned with hiv were to scale up and get people access to treatment we need to train frontline health workers on the simple steps to administer the treatment so i think it's when all these things come together as they have done so well in egypt which has screened $60000000.00 more than 60000000 and treated more than 3000000 these are the examples the the models that other countries need to be following but of this comes against the backdrop of a somber moment where humanity is grappling with covert 19 and everybody asking the same question when are we going to find

a vaccine but of the same time when you look at the time that took all those 3 scientists people are saying oh no we don't want that to happen now we don't want to wait for 30 years to find a vaccine for covert 90. well you know it's it's quite interesting i thought the statement from the world health organization there was as elegant as i have and eloquent as i've ever heard anybody on television in terms of of medicine health care you know with coded the world health organization was unfortunately funded by the by the u.s. and i think what we've just heard outlines why it's so critically important for the u.s. to stay in the game and that funny because of the intricate balance and dance that it takes to be able to train health care workers and get testing up get into you know places like brody that you know may have parts of the country that are still in civil war i mean it's a very tough thing to do is all of this infrastructure in training the takes that initial work really puts into play now what is interesting is you know you see with

the president just last night he was taking rendez of air which was developed for hepatitis c. so he's the beneficiary of all this work and you see the tremendous speed you know that there are now something like 140 vaccine candidates there probably 7 or so that are now in stage 3 trials of producing lots and lots of in a body of present had a new therapy for a comic over general on multiple antibodies and just to make it clear you know when you give somebody a vaccine let's say that this is the vaccine then you develop antibodies to whatever it's presenting this case is the spike virus well what this for general treatment does is it gives you pre-made antibodies is if you have the vaccine or as if you've taken some serapis already been affected you give that to somebody it may may may be why the president so long now is ok so has a troublesome course before really find out what. does that the great 8 i think

here you're saying how action in terms of all of them what your biology is really the you know the infin of this work that was done by these tremendous researchers before we continue this. have a look at where do we stand when it comes to the hunt for kovan 1000 vaccine vaccines can take years to be approved but it's hoped some being developed for coping 1000 could be available next year the vast majority are still in the pre-clinical stage being tested on animals not people about 40 are in phase one where given to any one full of people or face to where they are tested on hundreds face 3 is reported to have 11 promising prospects where thousands of trial patients receive the drug to confirm its safety and check for any side effects vaccines developed by the pharmaceutical company astra zeneca in conjunction with oxford university and another by u.s.

biotech firm would earn a lot of stage 3 china's given limited approval for use of a vaccine developed by sign of back after initial tests on soldiers and president vladimir putin gave the go ahead for a russian vaccine in august before phase 3 testing had human begun stephen michael horton is also part of a team working to produce vaccine for covert 19 and this is a white house or his said that basically it's about time to focus on viable or g. immunology and if factious disease research that's the only way out for us to be able to crack the code of cove in $1000.00. sure i mean i think it's worth saying that a vaccine against our side hepatitis c. actually part difference concepts are vaccine against something like. the national virus it's quite different in the way they're very much more variable. as

a sort of chance very intensive but of course what we're seeing with with with sars is the race to get that done very quickly is a necessity however i think we need to be absolutely certain the outcomes are a randomized controlled space treaty that the vaccines that do effects of the use and the wider population are safe and our education and our what exactly want to do and whether that's setting high risk. medicine the problems one understands so i think we are in an unprecedented rush and not rushing sounds of more has less russian sense of tremendous achievement to see some of the outcomes. philip i mean this cove in 98 has been a wake up call in a way or another for us and for the community for for people like yourself and this

is raising a concern among people basically saying that it's about time for organizations like the world health organization to redirect efforts into investing more into until viral drugs because the next pandemic could be more devastating like over $1000.00 . thank you i mean i just like to pick up on one other point i mean clearly the science has been absolutely fundamental to the vaccine development and it's just you know gonna a real back to that which is important but we mustn't forget about access that you know ultimately we need to have a system in place that is going to allow where the vaccine is where the greatest need is the vaccine is made available so i think the initiative the target show has established kovacs for a a consortium to ensure that there's full cost of where the need is going to be and

how to enable vaccines for the low and middle income countries high income countries have established bilateral agreements and have secured a potential vaccine supply chain but if we have going to address this epidemic it has to be done with as part of a global consortium and so the that is for sure is ensuring is that in addition to the high income countries having access to vaccines we ensure all the lower and middle income countries do so also and the same applies to the drugs and the same lies to the diagnostics and so good will cost a good procurement good supply chain ok and a multilateral partnership bob the scientists you spoke about earlier those devoting their lives for the sake of humanity those who help us sequence. this is a matter of weeks mican testing

a vailable as soon as possible. if we follow into the footsteps of those people do you think that alternatives like mina clonal antibodies could be the only best hope for us in the coming weeks or months to crack the code of code 19 you know it's a good it's a great question we sort of won't know until we find out what happens with the president you know he's not in the period of the z's this most critical yet so we really don't know whether this was a given in vain if this should work it could really you know as you point out crack the code but i would say is that you know the vaccine is overrated and the only has to be 50 percent effective is the head and c.d.c. said a couple weeks ago you know right now the mass good masks are. up to 7 percent effective you have what's called a and $95.00 approval mask hundreds of millions be made many more available and you

practice distancing you can really beat this you know we saw the pandemonium of the white house with you know failed testing using testing instead of just insane mask we saw what not to do but you know there's great hope right now it with with just in seeing not being closed indoor spaces that this could work out but you make a very good point that you know a general monoclonal antibody should this work it could be a huge breakthrough because we haven't had anything early in the disease to be able to stop this royce into this terrible cytokine storm that's killed so many people. stephen you're a scientist but i'm afraid i'm going to take you to a flu a fickle angle here what's the purpose of scientists science if science is not equally benefiting humanity the reason why i ask you this question is people are saying basically people mostly affected by these eases these days are in poor countries in sub-saharan africa in asia and ultimately where you see is is that

sophisticated labs. station in the west where they have all the luxury of advanced technology and financial investments ultimately those suffering most are getting nothing. well i'm not sure i completely agree with i think that there's a growing recognition center in the u.k. to. welcome trust and. actively diseases that are neglected the have unmet need countries do have rights or infrastructure and better resourced and i think it's a growing they don't just focus on diseases that affect them and this a huge minutes awards that. funding. searches the gates. here in the. u.k. are there's a huge increase in quotas on neglected diseases. and diseases infectious disease

and secure and of course the recent outbreaks of things like virus. and our. series making us recognize that that is of tremendous importance in these these these issues obviously affects lower middle income countries more of that in other countries but actually it should be for a benefit and i think. that and there should be an initiative perhaps. makes it even think about the value of the money and then it was cost we could invest a bit more in those sorts of events that measures absolutely let's share and structure let's make sure benefits all of mankind we. are out there was a lot of help given the right places right science so i think what we need to. philippa do you think it's about time to rethink the priorities let's start tackling the most aggressive diseases that we have and leave those less aggressive

later because we don't have enough resources to tackle with all those problems at the same time. well i think also picking up on the theme of the last question about sherry skills and capacity i mean i think certainly we do not have faith in any way the monopoly on skills and expertise in the in the high income settings and i think you know what we've seen with the coverage response is really some very strong exemplary responses in low income settings building on their experience of pandemic preparedness from about another outbreaks and really with the establishment of good diagnostic infrastructure and for such a city as well so i think that's been very empowering and inspiring to see to see that leadership thank you but i think you know i think one other important point

it's really the power of partnerships to be a temperature to see or cover and we need civil society we need government leadership we need the sound is we need the commissions and it's the coordination the deft coordination of that in whatever best way it should be deploying to that is going to be so water and thank you philippa for sort of a running out of time for its abrupt bob arnot stephen griffin i really appreciate your contribution to the program thank you and thank you too for watching you can see the program again any time by visiting our website dot com for further discussion go to our facebook page that's facebook dot com for was last a.j. inside story you can also join the conversation on twitter out hand there is a chain so sorry for me. and the whole team here i found out.

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