all the photographers spent sustained periods of time with their subjects directly engaging with the communities it's art as activism this isn't about look you know i'm pointing this about saying actually look there's a point of similarity there's a part of empathy we can all come to when we encounter different experiences different peoples different communities and societies and different individuals the london commuter will find much that is familiar that seems of marginalized communities homelessness and saving the environment they are all universal the passage is an encounter with empathy and understanding of different people and communities brought into focus for a global conversation jessica baldwin al jazeera london. this is al-jazeera these are the top stories 2 men have been found guilty for their

role in a shopping center attack in kenya 7 years ago dozens of people were killed when government besieged the westgate mall in nairobi and also face charges on the country's terrorism laws was acquitted catherine so we has more from nairobi the prosecution had 44 witnesses and the case was really heavily hinged on telephone conversations that the prosecution says the accused had with the attackers who were killed in that siege that took 4 days in 2318 so the prosecution saying that for example one of the sas one of the accused spoke a 109 times we thought one of the attackers between june 28th and september he sayed the other 2 accused also interacted with with the attackers. leaders of the great far right golden dawn posse have been found guilty of running

a criminal great thousands of protesters gathered outside the court to hear the verdicts at least 5 take us to break up the demonstrations. let's face fighting as armenia and azerbaijan continue their battle over the disputed nickel in a cutback region both have released pictures they say show evidence of attacks on populations. rights group says there's growing evidence that cluster bombs being used in the conflict. prime minister has been replaced by an opposition politician who was freed from jail the day before by protest is widespread anti-government demonstrations have seen opposition supporters take over government buildings and sunday's election results were an old. your headlines news continues here on al-jazeera the inside story to stay with us.

3 virus hunting scientists win the nobel prize for decades of research into him to see with billions of lives saved and hope for eradication why is there being rewarded and what. about climate against kobe 19 this is inside story. hello and welcome to the program. in doha. as the world battles and un

deadly pathogen 3 scientists have been honored for their work on a virus that's above average people for decades hip otitis see harvey alter michael horton and charles weiss are sharing the nobel prize for medicine research dating back to the 1960 s. successfully identify the virus limited its proud and let effective treatments but as with the new coronavirus there's no vaccine hepatitis c. causes potentially fatal liver disease is transmitted through bodily fluids including blood the sore alter says while medical advances have improved our weapons against viruses political will is what's needed to defeat them the issues now are really not science anymore the science in hepatitis c. has gotten to the point where we don't really need better drugs than we already

have we don't need better tests and we already have what we need is the the. political will to eradicate it his fellow laureate professor vice believes it's a likely hepatitis c. will be eradicated by the show's targets in 10 years he says that's partly because many countries have banned research on chimpanzees which is more effective than studies on rodents. one of the challenges with actually it is really sort of having a predictive model in which to you know sort of test your ideas and your vaccine candidates and. certainly one of the aspects of that that is fluid process is so that process is these are in ability to sort of use. primate models for those kinds of. us. so as

you can probably glean from what's happening with the of the 19 vaccine efforts there are a myriad of different platforms that could potentially be. used to develop a vaccine also against. against appetite a seed need to actually take even one of the one that it takes to. get into the clinic is very difficult. let's bring in august steven griffith is an associate professor at leeds university and the virus division of the u.k. microbiology society in its born philippa it's a brooke it's an r.p.g. of all just and scientists with the world health organization is global hepatitis program and joining us from in the u.s. state of vermont is dr bob arnot former chief medical correspondent at n.b.c.

news welcome to the program stephen quite fascinating the law journey it took us scientists to understand the disease and also the swedish while academy to recognize the legacy. yes that's right i mean i've worked in that to see for something like 20 years now and of course it was you know there's no discovered back in 1909 so it's probably a good time now to recognize that now we have these new drugs and different treatments for patients which is a fantastic advance and largely thanks to the prize winners that we're talking about today philippa 8 the swedish royal academy is no 4 taken way too early some time before recognising the work done by scientists is it because that in this particular field you need more time to verify the scientific scientific

research and its impact. well i think this is very much what we've seen in the in that the whole history of the nobel prizes paid to recognition comes long after the original work was undertaken but i think what we are now seeing that happen i did see is the direct different items of their accomplishments and identifying the causative virus in identifying a diagnostic test and then following that the the development of antiviral treatments the targeted have the time to see and so we are now being able to reap the full benefits and see the full outcome of that their contributions and we now have these highly effective treatments. a diagnostic test that was able early on to immediately screen blood products and stop important transmission on the 3 of the

virus but with the names of the 3 scientists all to houlton and dries came out i think the 1st suppressing among many people was basically that these people made some seminal work offend you get the impression that this achievement was somehow overlooked or overshadowed by other achievements and this explains why i think it took the swiss academy the time to say finally you know what it's about time to all of these people i thought i saw the as a these are very very good you know it just has so many things going on and so much of what your biology is stunning advances was sort of left in a backwater for many years ago you know what they did back then we done in a very short period of time now is you know much sequencing fantastic speed but you know nobel prize when i listen to the last i did and they did said you know we're very careful you know we really want to make sure that we get this one right and you know it's a tribute about as a lot of us leave though our lives as

a very researchers and medical doctors are proud cast journalists and we have a little achievements all way along the way that will make us feel good about our careers these people were out in the dark i mean they were all a very having no idea if they'd ever find anything and what are your devote your lives to a cause like that. those many years that much doubt we ever find anything i think that's really test the nobel and remember too that 1st day they knew they were selling the bloody no idea what it was and finally the 1st richer 5 stuff finds that 2nd one then finds the antibodies thinking about a test and then the 3rd one years later then finds the therapists are very long strength but you porton so it has which is so critical is that there are still 70000000 people in the world today we're trying to have potentially and there are nearly 400000 deaths which is utterly and completely inexcusable given the

availability of drugs which are just too expensive for them so many parts of africa nation stephen we all love those discoveries the make the world a better place to live in and what is interesting about these 3 scientists is that when you look at them they were working in different wells with different perspectives all to show that the blood for the hepatitis patients could transmit the disease and then horton isolates of the gene it genetic sequence as weiss provided the final bit of the puzzle by showing how the virus alone could cause the disease i mean quite remarkable how separate works brought together that discovery that made an impeccable change in the world. that's right and it has. and each of these discoveries preceded one another and they will try to. and it. speaks to the difficulty it working with this particular virus i mean even. since.

something light in 1617 years boogity can grow to mars and so since then which wouldn't have been happening apart from these these 3 is going to raise that's when the drug discovery process really kicks in and the lot of drug discovery against this virus has been. transferred to the successful but also very compressed period of time considering other viruses that we sayn and so these these terrorists really are. a tremendous success around cigar discovery but it's really actually just not the finest. people in bed with this iris we have a disproportionate z. and there is less countries and we really still do need a vaccine or working very hard now. why is it why is this flight far from over because when you look at places like egypt. and

where the infection rate is really increasing through the year why why is it of that particular stage. well i think we now have this incredible 2 of the highly effective treatments that are available and of affordable affordable price but what needs to be in place to mount a response you need a national plan you need a lavar tree infrastructure you need a testing infrastructure she need a supply chain you need a prick you're meant strategy you need to train the health care workers so this is what it takes to fight an epidemic and of course we many of the same principles apply are applying with with with coverage and i think many countries have stepped up very well and there are some champion countries one of which you refer to egypt

but also a row under in georgia and mongolia. as well as some high income countries including sort of australia from scotland england and others that have her recognised that this is a public health problem and have mounted a response and i think it's not all about the drugs the drugs have been found with the catalyst to enable the response and what was also important was the rapid decline in the drug prices and it took 1520 years for us to see this in the h.i.v. weld but in a very short space of time from a full time price so for almost a you know a $100000.00 for a treatment very quickly down to a 1000 and then $500.00 for a 12 week treatment course i'm now less than $50.00 that is quite phenomenal but all these other mechanisms need to be put in place and the testing and the

diagnosis is extremely important having high quality low cost diagnostics and being able to make it simple and straightforward and i think the other important thing is. we don't need specialists to be the only wants treats he notes this is a very straightforward very well tolerated regimen and so as we learned with hiv were to scale up and get people access to treatment we need to train frontline health workers on the simple steps to administer the treatment so i think it's when all these things come together as they have done so well in egypt which has screened $60000000.00 more than 60000000 and treated more than 3000000 these are the examples the the models that other countries need to be following bob this comes against the backdrop of the somber moment where humanity is grappling with covert 19 and everybody asking the same question when are we going to find

a vaccine but of the same time when you look at the time that took all those 3 scientists people are saying oh no we don't want that to happen now we don't want to wait for 30 years to find a vaccine for covert 90. well you know it's it's quite interesting i thought that statement from the world health organization there was as elegant as i have an eloquent as i've ever heard anybody on television in terms of of medicine health care you know with codes the world health organization was unfortunately funded by the by the u.s. and i think what we've just heard outlined why it's so critically important for the u.s. to stay in the game and that funny because of the intricate balance and dance that it takes to be able to train health care workers and get testing up get into you know places like brody that you know may have parts of the country that are still civil war i mean it's a very tough thing to do is all of this infrastructure in training the takes that initial work really puts into play now what is interesting is you know you see with

the president just last night he was taking rendez of air which was developed for hepatitis c. and so he's the beneficiary of all this work and you see the tremendous speed you know that there are now something like 140 vaccine candidates there probably 7 or so that are now in stage 3 trials producing lots and lots of in a body present had a new therapy for coming over general on multiple antibodies and just to make it clear you know when you give somebody a vaccine let's say that this is the vaccine then you develop antibodies to whatever it's presenting in this case is the spike virus well what this for general treatment does is it gives you pre-made antibodies is if you have the vaccine or if you've taken some serapis already been affected you give that to somebody it may may may be why the president so long now is ok so has a troubles of course before really find out but. the great 8 i think here you're

saying how it actually terms of all of the molecular biology is really the you know the infant of this work that was done by these tremendous researchers before we consume this. have a look at where do we stand when it comes to the hunt for kovan 1000 vaccine vaccines can take years to be approved but it's hoped some being developed for coping 1000 could be available next year the vast majority are still in the pre-clinical stage being tested on animals not people about 40 are in phase one where they are given to any one full of people or face to where they are tested on hundreds face 3 is reported to have 11 promising prospects where thousands of trial patients receive the drug to confirm its safety and check for any side effects vaccines developed by the pharmaceutical company astra zeneca in conjunction with oxford university and another by u.s.

biotech firm would earn a lot of stage 3 china's given limited approval for use of a vaccine developed by sign of back after initial tests on soldiers and president vladimir putin gave the go ahead for a russian vaccine in august before phase 3 testing had. begun stephen michael horton is also part of a team working to produce vaccine for covert 19 and this is a white house or his said that basically it's about time to focus on viable o.-g. immunology and if factious disease research that's the only way out for us to be able to crack the code of code in 1000. sure i mean i think it's worth saying that a vaccine against our side hepatitis c. a national park difference concepts or a vaccine against something like. they mention a virus is quite different in a way that they're very much more variable. as

a sort of chance erring in terms of both because what we're seeing with with with sars is that sound the range to get that done very quickly is a necessity however i think we need to be absolutely certain the outcomes of a randomized controlled space treaty that the vaccines that do effects of the use and the wider population are safe and our education and our what exactly want to do and whether that's protecting pirates or have. any problems where it stands so i think we are in an unprecedented rush and not rushing sounds of more has less russian sense of tremendous achievement to see some of the outcomes. philip i mean this cove in 98 has been a wake up call in a way or another for us and for the community if for for people like yourself and

this is raising a concern among people basically saying that it's about time for organizations like the world health organization to redirect efforts into investing more into until viral drugs because the next pandemic could be more devastating like over 1000. thank you i mean i just like to pick up on one other point i mean clearly the science has been absolutely fundamental to the vaccine development and it's just you know donna a real turn to back to vittie which is important but we mustn't forget about access that you know ultimately we need to have a system in place that is going to allow where the vaccine is where the greatest need is the vaccine is made available so i think the initiative the target show has established kovacs a consortium to ensure that there's full cost of where the need is going to be and

how to enable vaccines for the low and middle income countries high income countries have established bilateral agreements and have secured a potential vaccine supply chain but if we have going to address this epidemic it has to be done with as part of a global consortium and so the that is for sure is ensuring is that in addition to the high income countries having access to vaccines we ensure all the low and middle income countries do so also and the same applies to the drugs and the same lies to the diagnostics and so good will cost in good procurement good supply chain ok and a multilateral partnership bob the scientists you spoke about earlier those devoting their lives for the sake of humanity those who help us sequence. disease in a matter of weeks mican testing

a vailable as soon as possible. if we follow into the footsteps of those people do you think that alternatives like monoclonal antibodies could be the only best hope for us in the coming weeks or months to crack the code of covert 19. you know it's it's a great question we sort of won't know until we find out what happens with the president you know he's not in the period of this he's this most critical yet so we really don't know whether this was a given in vain if this should work it could really you know as you point out crack the code but i would say is that you know the vaccine is overrated and the only has to be 50 percent effective as the head of the c.d.c. said a couple weeks ago you don't right now the mass good masks are. up to 7 percent effective you have what's called a and $95.00 approval mask hundreds of millions be made many more available and you

practice distancing you can really beat this you know each other pandemonium of the white house with you know failed testing using testing instead of just insane masks we saw what not to do but you know there's great hope right now it with with just in seeing not in the closed indoor spaces that this could work out but you make a very good point that you know a general monoclonal antibody should this work it could be a huge breakthrough because we haven't had anything early in the disease to be able to stop this roar ace into this terrible cytokine storm that's killed so many people stephen you're a scientist but i'm afraid i'm going to take you to a flu a fickle angle here what's the purpose of sinus science if science is not equally benefiting humanity the reason why i ask you this question is people are saying basically people mostly affected by these eases these days in poor countries in sub-saharan africa in asia and ultimately what you see is is that sophisticated

labs. station in the west where they have all the luxury of advanced technology and finance and investments ultimately those suffering most are getting nothing. well i'm not sure i completely agree with i think that there's a growing recognition and so many you're. welcome trust and. actively diseases that are neglected the have unmet need countries do have answer infrastructure and better resourced and i think it's important they just focus on diseases that affect them and this set in a huge minutes awards that. funding. searches the gates. here in the. u.k. are there's a huge increase in quotas on neglected diseases. and diseases infectious disease

and secure and of course the recent outbreaks of things like virus. and now of course sunscreen in our series making us recognize that that is a tremendous importance in these these these issues obviously affects lower middle income countries more out there in other countries that actually it should be for a benefit and i think. that and there should be an initial. perhaps or 2 makes it even think about the value of the money and then it was cost we could invest a bit more in those sorts of events that measures absolutely let's share and the structure let's make sure benefits all of mankind we. are out there was a lot of help given the right places the right science so i think it's what we need . philippa do you think it's about time to rethink the priorities let's start tackling the most aggressive diseases that we have and leave those less aggressive

later because we don't have enough resources to tackle with all those problems at the same time. well i think also picking up on the the theme of the last question about sherry skills and capacity i mean i think certainly we do not have faith in any way the monopoly on skills and expertise in the in the high income settings and i think you know what we've seen with the coverage response is really some very strong exemplary responses in low income settings building on their experience of pandemic preparedness from about and other outbreaks and really with the establishment of good diagnostic infrastructure and for such a city as well so i think that's been very empowering and inspiring to see to see that leadership thank you but i think you know i think one other important point

it's really the power of partnerships to be a temperature to see or cover and we need civil society we need government leadership we need the sat is we need the commissions and it's the coordination the deft coordination of that in whatever best way it should be deploying to that is going to be so water and thank you philippa for sort of a running out of time for the it's ever up bob arnot stephen griffin i really appreciate your contribution to the program thank you and thank you to for watching you can see the program again any time by visiting our website dot com for further discussion go to our facebook page that's facebook dot com for was last a.j. inside story you can also join the conversation on twitter out hand there is a chance i saw it for me. and the whole team here i found out.

there are people in the world who want all forms of verification to just go away so we need people fighting against us we either trying to see if it's a fake review maybe in syria but in a different time they risk a great deal to find out the truth in very complex situations that include major global play as we've been targeted 5 cyber attacks from russia they're all dangerous and through this conflict barely kept. troops in the post truth world and are now just 0. america is a region of wonder joyeux tragedy and violence but it doesn't matter where you are you have to be able to relate to the human condition under the sun trying to break

away as you. know i think it's a life and it's my job to shed light on how and why if you want to help save the world. sneeze and hero. logan piece it over here in doha your top stories on al-jazeera 2 men have been found guilty over their role in a shopping center attack in kenya 7 years ago dozens of people were killed when a gunman overran the westgate mall in nairobi a 3rd man who also face charges under the country's terrorism legislation was acquitted catherine soy has more from nairobi the prosecution had $44.00 witnesses and.