very necessary for monetary and border crossings. now with much of it live in ruins and hundreds of thousands of lives ruined activists say their car for accountability for those responsible will continue to cut still open civilian al-jazeera. this is al jazeera and these are the headlines the largest prisoner exchange in yemen civil war is underway in sana'a more than a 1000 detainees are being swapped switching the hutu rebels and the saudi u.a.e. coalition which backs yemen's government has more the operation is still underway planes taking off from the port of. or were. government soldiers who were detained by the hoa fees now being flown to. and so you are in the south of the country are the same time we're seeing houthi prisoners

flown from the saudi city of all the way to words the capital sanaa sources from both the government and the hotels are saying this expecting the operation to and by to morrow kyrgyzstan's new prime minister says are jumper off as resumes presidential powers after the resignation of the current president and the parliamentary speaker have been weeks of anti-government protests since the disputed parliamentary election earlier this month protesters accuse the government of rigging the vote in its favor you see thousands of anti-government protesters are still out on the streets of bangkok their sorrow openly defying a government ban on public gatherings they're calling for the prime minister's resignation and for reforms to the monarchy the government imposed its emergency measures in the early morning hours to stop months of demonstrations. the speaker of the cyprus parliaments to meet choose c. or c.

lura has resigned in the wake of a cash for passport scandal and i'll just say their investigation found senior politicians who were willing to sell separate passports to convicted criminals the government has now abolished the program. us democratic vice presidential candidate come the harris the suspended all in person events after 2 campaign members tested positive for covert 19 terrorists for shuttle to travel to the battleground states of north carolina on thursday with paris and buys and have been tested in those results have come back negative and the u.k. london is moving to the 2nd highest corporate 1000 alert level the country's reporting you know the 20000 new coronavirus infections in a single day stay with us on al-jazeera the stream is up next. i am sequences i put 5 years ago these days it's hard to filter out the noise and keep track of what's really important the bottom line tackles the big issues this is

1000 states its people its economy and the way it deals with the rest of the world the bottom line. hey welcome to the stream i'm josh rushing sitting in for femi ok and look if you're watching on you tube i need your help to see that box over there could be more important in this episode than ever before i need questions from you know we have a live stream producer in that box that you to chat there if you get him her questions to get him to me during the show so i can ask today's guest and what a guest it is we have a pretty special show today we're joined by a single guest i was he's the world's leading a vangelis for fungi you could call him maybe the martin luther of mushers he once he's come from a revolutionary new view in the way that we can see them as partners on this small

planet and yon talking about the mushrooms you may eat your dinner tonight or take micro doses to help you with creativity or mood or or maybe in large doses to help you see your life or the universe in a different light but i'm also talking about my psyllium i'm talking about an entire classification of living beings on this planet that are neither plant nor animal paul statements he's the guest today he is heels multiple patents for inventive uses a mushrooms his ted talks have been seen millions of times and most recently he's featured in this really beautiful documentary fantastic fungi this streaming everywhere check out a clip. my mission is to discover the language of nature and i believe nature is intelligent. there is a world under the earth full of magic and mystery. the

old consciousness of meters connection to. think. you know these mushrooms you can heal you can feed you they can kill you it's not like a vegetable and it's not like an animal but it's somewhere in between they support life they convert life as you're walking there's about 300 miles of fungi under every footstep that you take in and that's all over the world. of the organism is growing underground and it's composed of these small thread called my silly almost everyone knows about the computer internet the mycelium shares the same network design. it's amazing what we don't know about they really are. you can filter water you can create medicinal compounds almost on demand they have incredible capacity to make things change very quickly so i am super hopeful. the

psychedelic members of the mushroom kingdom are fascinating. i have been a guide for around 350 suicide in session and the most glorious part was that it made me feel more comfortable with living because you know free. we need to have a paradigm shift in our consciousness what will it take to achieve that. we can heal the planet. we can build a future. in our world is fantastic. wow paul documentary i watched it yesterday it's beautiful i how did they get some of those shots i know you're friends with the filmmaker but they just have these incredible time lapse jobs a mushroom is coming up in the force how long did it take to make that film well

it's a testimonial to lewis works for a good producer's stamina this movie took over 12 years to produce and many many of the time lapse for those people 'd down time lapses all sorts of problems that can occur you know and and so very few of them actually are make the final cut and so 'd and many instances he actually had to dig up a section of the forest you know like a square meter and very carefully bring it back to the studio and then keeping the humidity high enough and you really don't know what's going to happen so you look for these little baby primordial little white dots coming from the mycelium and that support 1st formation of mushrooms and so it's basically an educated guess and a lot to look. at look man welcome to al jazeera welcome to the stream and we need to set this up for an international audience who maybe aren't as familiar with your work but when we're talking mushrooms we're actually talking mind blowing

leap bigger concept than people might think of if they're just thinking what they see at the market can you cope give us a bit of the origins of fungi on this planet. well as a really good question in recent fossil records about 2400000000 years ago is that example the 1st multicellular organism and that is of mycelium so the mycelium is you know gave birth to animals this is kind of a big concept for people to understand is that we are descendants of fungi we exhale carbon dioxide fungi exhale carbon dioxide we inhale oxygen fungi in hawke's region and fungi digest this new transect sternly. and then when we split from fungi or from to give us birth we went the route of the capsule going to transfer the cellular sock basically a stomach and so that was

a big divergence but this is why we have very good antibiotics from fungi against bacteria but we have very few good and accidents fungi because we're so closely related and even under the microscope the cells our cells and that of fungi look very very similar in their organization so the meisel networks create ecosystems fungi munch rocks they eat rocks and they liberate minerals for plants and so when fungi join with algae we form as a lichens were formed as a basically a duality. of 2 kingdoms coming together it's a little more complicated now because there's other organisms involved but basically that's the case in fungi marched on to land on munching rocks breaking it down liberating it for plants and says so this bliz i'm this this symbiosis between fungi and plants occurred and that allowed for there vegetation of land and then of

course the vegetation would help feed animals etc and one thing that people don't really understand very well that in fact scientists have just come to understand is that fungi are the foundation of the food web there is more than 8 miles in a single cubic inch of soil as the movie showed more than 300 miles under every footstep. but because fungi produce antibiotics we know from penicillin is very good against stuff bacteria as an antibiotic but they also produce probiotics and so they set the guild's the communities of michael organisms so there's a lot this work is fine cobwebby mycelium in the ground. selects organisms that cooperate communities and it's incredibly complicated and intricate all the matching relationships and i believe evolution is not based on the survival of the

fittest but the extension of generosity of surplus and this is what the fungi do so well they bring in other members in the ecological community and the surplus of their needs is then food nutrients to the other members of the community so bio diversity is biosecurity micro diversity terms that term is bio diversity so you can say that my diversity is biosecurity how much my psyllium is there on the planet. gigatons gigatons there's more carbon friends if you look at a tree it's more carbon in the mycelium in the associate with the roots of the tree then there is in the tree itself now think of that. and this is a big reason why a solution to climate change is building soils how do we build soils we grow fungi

and fungi when they grow about 85 percent of the mycelium is carbon and so the biggest reservoir of biological carbon in the soil is myself him dead and alive when the mycelium dies is there for years and centuries and so is a carbon sink so the loss of soils the thinning of soils the loss of biodiversity is causing famines is causing climate change you roshan the loss of bio bio security because biodiversity is plummeted and so fungi are a solution for rebuilding the soil ecosystems that lead to sustainability of our food supply ok that brings up one of our 1st questions from our community it's ph d. partition. i'm a prime mispronounce that cash is a better attempt that it. looks like that actually paul here. one striking statistic is that of the 3000000 species of fungi estimated to be in existence on

earth only about 10 percent have been described by taxonomist so you can see that there is this conundrum like knowledge in french are critical to life on earth but at the same time understanding and so while i do believe that fungi can play an important role in saving life on planet earth i do have fear that we are running out of time to convince people of how truly important fungi are and get their research funded so my question for paul has a couple components one is what do you think has prevented fungi from being recognized to their fullest potential and to see that changing and if they can be recognised to their fullest potential how do you see that translating into consequential action. they should know that this true is only about 10 percent of fungi have been identified so far we have between 8 to 10000000 species of organisms on this planet macro and micro estimated and we have

a fight only 140000 species of mushrooms and about 2000000 species of fungi so there's so much that they have not been this discovered so to answer this question. the reason why fungi have not been better studied or more studied is a not a sexy as a lions and tigers and birds and you know the mushrooms are in and out of your view scape for very very short period of time you have a familiarity factor with animals and plants that you encounter daily weekly monthly but mushrooms come up and they disappear in a matter of 5 days some can heal you some can feed you some can kill you sometimes on us before journey but then your memory fades you know what was that i think i found last year and where is it today was literally in the ground underneath your feet exists in the mice and my myself will form so this is why i think we've been

slow to recognize also there's a form of biological i call biological racism against mushrooms you mentioned mushroom people say shrooms or they make a bad joke about being kept in the dark and then it just shows the academic ignorance and then in the field of mycology has not been taken very seriously in till recently now i believe there's a paradigm shift there is that literally a revolution of interests all across the planet and the cool thing about mushrooms it unifies people across political divides across international divides i have brought a few of my friends here these are. what is a these are garden giant mushrooms. is one of the best mushrooms or grow in the gardens you can see the mycelium hanging those are the roots of the mushroom yeah but these mushroom mushrooms come up and they mature literally from this

stage here to this bigger stage one and one day now that's queer how these are like cellular explosions and knots so you know in real time and so that's one reason why we have focused on these mushrooms and fungi as well i personally believe the field of mycology should be funded as well as the computer industry i kid you not it is that essential 1st for our species to survive and not only us but many other species we're losing more than $30000.00 species per year in a general home of about $9000000000.00 species let's say well do the math 100 years at a 3rd of the biodiversity that got us here today we're losing and as jale that i don't. know i will not stop you're going to change good all please. well jane goodall said and i'm as she's

a super scientists primatologist as many of you know and she came out very forcefully saying that factory farming and the loss of biodiversity 'd could spell the end of the human species i kid you not i agree with her we have talking about next to chill threats let's bring up climate change because we have a comment from someone in the youtube audience and by the way if you're watching this live on you tube get those questions in ok i want to come to paulus as soon as possible but jack sparrow asked can my psyllium or fungi have a role in addressing global warming and we also have a video comment from audrey on a l. romero a live are all of our us and she's assistant professor at the new mexico state university was by that i'm a scientist and i research all responses to global climate change and how that response impacts our ecosystems and the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon

dioxide i believe fungi it will help us save the world by understanding how fungi responded to i mean change we will be able to better plan in adapt for future climate brought by global climate change and who will be able to develop better medication strategies i live in disarray and i'm fascinated by desert i'm just i which in most cases are invisible and i wanted to ask what is a good way to engage people living in the desert to care for fungi when and there's no mushroom surrounds so she's in a complete different ecosystem there where you spend your days in the old growth forest and it's fascinating these things are kind of all over the planet what do you what do you think about that with with climate change global warming. well i think it's you know it's a continuum you know based on the amount of debris in the soil and amount of rainfall of course but about 6 years ago there was massive rains in arizona and new

mexico very arid environments and i had literally dozens of people sending me photographs and what not mushrooms erupted out of the desert. you know that it's not it doesn't occur every year it takes a maybe a decade or 2 decades and the mycelium stores of these nutrients and order it for the right timing and then the mushrooms and produce spore so it's reproducing so there's literally fungi everywhere the amount of density of organic material but she brings up something is really important to me and other people in the perma culture movement have known this in trying to create oasis environments basically trying to put lenses of of debris compost the mycelium then it is breaking it down that mushrooms come up mushrooms generate water when they break down wood for instance or straw 10 to 20 percent of the mouse of wood or straw is converted into water so they hydrate the environment in advance of their growth they sweat out

these water droplets full of enzymes that break down the surrounding wood or straw or even toxic waste and in doing so the my sil mats grow out and so these are expanding lenses of soil that then creates micro climate change you get enough of the spread around ecosystem you then have macro climate change what amazing discovery is is that the spores of mushrooms are nuclei for rain droplets so when you have mushrooms growing producing spores then these nuclei of spores are going up collecting more sure and then a precipitates into rain so this is a amazing process because once this process starts you know it's a domino effect leading to ecological restoration and the expansion of soil so. what people can do like with a garden giant mushroom it will take 12 inches of wood chips and create one is just soil in about 4 or 5 months that's remarkable and creates water in the

process so then the the water lenses that are being created it hydraulically can prinz up the water table from deep down below because the mycelium also goes channels down deeply and then they become conduits raising the water tables and so you lead to ecological restoration very very quickly so you can take baird sand put in 12 inches of wood chips or cacti or any other plant material straw and the mycelium what will be resident in there anyhow if you put the garden giant and you've got an edible mushroom that's really good for plants etc and so i like to be deterministic now and understand with species or keystone species that lead to healthier farms healthier gardens healthier ecosystems because if you just do randomly all fungi you're not going to get there as quickly as we know now but

using these funds either really specifically beneficial the garden giant one of the best ones you know my you tube channel i have a little video i just put up just recently on that but that's one of the premier species that people can go you know in our very hot environments in very cool environments so it is broadly temperate. adaptable. paul you seem to be at the leading edge of a growing wave of interest in fungi and mushrooms we have a comment from jill look point who's a climate justice and indigenous rights activists you know let's just point. there is essential truth that we are all interconnected and interdependent on each other has really been forgotten by many but it's still held by so many indigenous people across the world and today the ecosystems we depend on are threatened by results extraction and by climate change and indigenous people are on the front lines protecting them so my question is how can we ensure that and then just knowledge is

being centered and brought forward in my call a g 8 and how can we follow the lead of indigenous people protected in syria the nature. that's a great question and this is where as a scientist and increasingly convinced look at the concept in indigenous peoples 7 generations thinking downstream the influence that you have on your descendants is been scientifically so well established and yet we're all indigenous to the planet earth but unfortunately indigenous peoples because of war religion and disease have been subjugated and so much of the oral traditions were lost the fact that we have these threads of knowledge today is remarkable considering how much as cyclopedia acknowledge you know indigenous peoples have been lost but i have a really good example of what i think unifies. us

as people this is a rare old growth mushroom called eric on a carrot congress is going to go back. a carrot khan is the one of the oldest growing mushrooms in the world it grows only in the old growth forests of north america british columbia washington state oregon state northern california and some sky islands and your boat dies cried yes and 6582000 years ago greeks discovered this mushroom was highly powerful as an anti-inflammatory in fact it was given the name elect syria had long i'm vitam the elixir of long life well it's just turns out that coastal 1st nations in british columbia also reviewed this marsh room and found to be extremely powerful so there is an example

that across the other 2 reasons of the world indigenous people in greece indigenous people in the north west both found that this rare old growth mushroom is extremely important in our pharmacopoeia as in their medical chess. paul i've got interrupt because we only have 3 minutes left in this show we have tons of questions coming in on you tube we're not going to be able to get to them so here's what i need people to do if you're watching on the you tube at $1230.00 eastern time figure out what time that is wherever you are in the world join us on instagram we're going to an instagram live at $1230.00 eastern that is a.j. stream at a.j. stream but before we leave the show paul i know you wanted to touch on microdrives dot me can you tell us what that is. right microdots not me as a largest survey ever of people using it still so i've been in other psychedelics at below 'd threshold of feeling is called substance or young below the threshold

of their disability and my kiddos and now we have an op at my kudos dot me for the apple devices is free and now we have over 12000 subscribers we are just now opening up the databases and the results are phenomenal and taking solace i've been in particular mike a dose level it increases mood it decreases depression it decreases anxiety and statistically the numbers that we're seeing are absolutely phenomenal dare i say it could be the most powerful system will evidence of any psycho therapeutic drug ever seen and so and nor over we have found that the analogs in size those either mushrooms that are analog systems i've been promote nor genesis we build neurons and so this is very exciting because these are non-addictive you use the you know macro doses

a spiritual doses that the movie talks about that's one or 2 times a year maybe one time in your life but the micro dose is basically taking these at such small amounts they can help your nerve genesis in your career creativity we believe and now we're measuring cord nation eyesight hearing but the information we have now which will be published soon in peer reviewed scientific journals show a big us lee the effect of mike widows thing is extraordinarily powerful fighting depression fighting anxiety increasing mood and all the critics got to stop you guys i've got 30 seconds left this is the strongest appeal i've ever made you must join us on instagram live at age 8 stream because it's going to get bill solace off we're going to talk but he just mentioned mike. seeing big trips and what it can do for changing the way you see yourself the universe we're going to talk about life death meaning and purpose it's all going to be either join us on instagram live it a.j. stream 1230 eastern time today if you're seeing this on al-jazeera english you can

find this it's already posted on a.j. strips as graham incredible show thank you for joining me and i will see you really search on instagram. corruption it is the invisible mind a wall of silence. and. corruption is not something to be told and it. is a. country his. let's destroy this wall. in 2020 the 5th they so want encourages the heroes who are fighting against corruption this helps our communities to save the resources that we need in order to address the burning problems that affect us all. shine a light on anti corruption here i. nominate now. cyprus a european island openly offering citizenship to those who can afford it in august

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a divided opposition come together long enough to stop and give me election 2020 on al-jazeera. this is al-jazeera. and this is the news hour live from doha coming up the next 60 minutes a long awaited exchange more than a 1000 prisoners are released on both sides of yemen's conflict. kyrgyzstan's president. resigns after weeks of protests the prime minister is now in charge the e.u. and u.k. record navarrete job 100900 cases daily for the past.