that can be made stronger proceedings, especially stiction of peace, and i was so from the commission, but for millions of victims of colombia's long internal conflict, this is the 1st real opportunity to get a glimmer of justice and relief. i listen to them again, i'm fully back to go with the headlines on al-jazeera to gray forces in ethiopia have confirmed they did attack and military base, sparking a federal government offensive. ethiopian human rights commission is investigating reports of a mass killing in the town of my contract. ethnic armenians continue to leave areas of mcdonnell kabaka ahead of sunday's handover of land to azerbaijan. some people set fire to their homes as they left russian and turkish soldiers on the ground to

monitor a deal to and 6 weeks of fighting hold up to have made, has more from the outskirts of kabul shah. it's not a peace deal, it's a cease fire agreement whereby azerbaijan gets to keep, or what it has gained during the military operation, and 3 more regions that are stipulated in that agreement. now, evacuating killed by jar is the 1st step to then before december 1st, the same thing has to happen in a district called lachie, which is a bit further south here on the west side of the un player. and then on the eastern side of the aisle glave bid is the district of added. so very painful moments for the armenians coming ahead. rival factions in libya have agreed to hold nationwide elections in december of next year. it was announced that the u.n. sponsored talks in tunis, delegates are negotiating the appointment of an interim government. supporters

of us president on a, have gathered in washington d.c. this saturday in what's being billed as the 1000000 that mag and macho. the staging it at the white house in a display of support for trump's effort to stay in power counter. protesters have also turned out to meet them and they've been a few scuffles. trump in south drove out to wave to the crowds, has been exactly one week since joe biden was declared, the u.s. president elect a trump still hasn't conceded, and austria has announced a 3 week knockdown to contain a new wave of the coronavirus. the rest reactions are set to come into force on tuesday, and they come after a nighttime curfew failed to prevent infections from spreading. coming up next on al-jazeera, its entire story to stay with us. and

we'll morocco and western sahara and separatists go to war. the policy front says robot has invaded a buffer zone. for rocco says the front is blocking trade to mauritania. so is this the end of the cease fire in western sahara? this is inside story hope and welcome to the program and bernard smith, a 30 year old ceasefire, is over in the disputed territory of western sahara. that's according to the pro independence policy front. it says moroccan troops have launched an attack in the region. morocco's military says it's only set up

a security caught on after elements of the policy front, blocked traffic on the only road linking it to mauritania and the rest of africa. in a moment, we'll bring in our panel to discuss this further, but 1st, this report from laura burden money, a conflict frozen for 3 decades, but never resolved. now, a fragile truce in the western sahara between morocco and a pro independence group is under threat. the policies are a front has been fighting for an independent states in western sahara, an area wedged between mauritania to the south, america to the north, with a population of around half a 1000000 people. but morocco also claims this vast stretch of desert robot accuses policy of front of blocking a main highway. that's preventing the flow of goods between mauritania and morocco . but the policy, sorry, afront accuses morocco of carrying out attacks against its people and of igniting

war, has publicly officially the fact of launching an armed attack on millions demonstrating peacefully in blatant violation that has led to the result of it is between the forces and the forces brokers, government held in the mergence, the meeting to address the situation. this road is important when it comes to the movement of civilians and goods. and because such actions were a violation of the u.n. sponsored cease fire agreement, morocco, in order to fulfill its duties, ordered its military forces to intervene and build a sand barrier to protect the area from any future breaches. negotiations between morocco, the policy area and mauritania,

have remained suspended the several months the u.n. is calling for restraint. the secretary general remains committed to doing his utmost to avoid the collapse of the cease fire that has been in place since 6 september 1991. and he is determined to do everything possible to remove all obstacles, to the resumption of the political process, the 2 sides of battle for control of the region since 1975, when spain pulled out of the area, broccoli took control, but armed rebellion led to a war that continued until 1991, when the un broke an armistice. but it's a complex that's left tens of thousands of people displaced from their homes. many of the sarai refugees have been living for decades in past sprawling camps a long, arduous border with morocco. the conditions are harsh and they continue to rely on

humanitarian assistance to survive. but the political impasse continues, and it's unlikely these people return to their homes anytime soon. lure a better man the al jazeera. so the policy front is a liberation movement made up of ethnics are always they want to drive morocco out of western sahara. its members say the former spanish colony is their homeland. they've pushed for independence for decades. morocco claims this desert as its own . the 2 sides fought over the territory for 16 years before agreeing to a un backed cease fire in 1991. today more than 2 thirds of the region is controlled by morocco. a planned referendum on its status has not taken place. neighboring algeria and mauritania have called on both sides to show restraint. argyria is the main supporter of the policy front. a many refugees from the region live that let's bring in

our guests from valencia is city. omar, representative of the policy front of the united nations in new york from casablanca is yasmin, has now a north africa specialist, and board member of the institute of saharan studies under loose from lisbon is ricardo fabiani project director covering north africa at the international crisis group. thanks to you all for joining us, ricardo, or begin with you if i may just help us understand why algeria is so important to all of this, it's the main support of the policy front. why and how much influence does algeria have over? what happens next? well g. area is undoubtedly i would say, a key piece of the completed puzzle 1st of all because we're talking about one of the largest countries in the region. and obviously one of marcus' most important neighbors. so even just by geographical terms, we're talking about

a very important factor in this area. but most importantly, argyria has opposed markers, an exception of the western sahara on territory since 1975, and has supported hosted and financed the parties are a front as well as hosting a large section of the refugee population. indeed area. so in the refugee camps of their intended of. so algeria is effectively the main backer of the police, are in front sense mid seventies and has enormous influence over what the police are your front does and is likely to do, i would say, even in the next few days, what a jury decides to do has enormous influence on the police area. and obviously morocco is looking at algeria in this situation to hoping that they will do something to month in the situation to keep the situation under control. so yasmeen

is this, then something that morocco must try and resolve. 'd with algeria not with the policies are, you know, from this is to do with morocco and algeria as it well actually in the, what happens now is a low just like me, you know, course, it's be algeria who has the, you know, the, the police are in france, they are responsible of their, you know, the women, the elderly, the sick and the children in the end of areas. and they're responsible of the dire condition that they live, that they live any. jerry are, is the main backer of the rust. and it was cited in several times since 2007 was that site in algeria was said to the world times that the united nations security council that they should step up to the plate and, and, and not say that they are only an observer to this artificial come to this conflict to this artificial complex,

but there are other may have to step up to the plate and find a solution with morocco. it's not. we go back to history. yes, i agree with that. what's the previous speaker told me, he said that morocco, algeria was against morocco's reintegration, to moroccan, western sahara in 1075. and that started with whoever able get it started with the send war and brown from beef. and then get implemented this ideology through the national popular army. and it's when it went on and do not know who is who is responsible. yes. but also the, the rest who should really be, again, the should recognize that, that what happens now goes within the international legitimacy. is that now we see that the u.n. security council recall who are a political, we're in for a political solution pressure magic which go in line with the proposal of the

autonomy. ok. so all main, how much influence does it have on whether the ceasefire a whole on what the policy front does next? one. thank you very much for the question, but before i proceed, i like to played by one of the least special is on the heart or lower argyria because i have been invited to talk about the worst since the heart as representative of the printed bodies energy in our nation's new york. it is our us. yes, it's bush, it is argyria. now you have to call upon someone from r.g.p. . they aren't, will not proceed on the understanding that this is a bar argyria or more are no sarcasm. it's a mother. i know what western sahara are,

and that's nice you that i can gauge anybody. no, sir, this isn't this, this. this is a bound western sahara. ours geria does have influence over the policy front, but i'd like you to tell me what the front believes they're not on the sorrow from believe is the next step. what's going to happen? excellent. well, this is not a wise way to start discussion with our all new stars and start our own assumption would surely need we need to engage. so i'm really sorry. when i call casey, aren't i on the part i'm talking to anybody's behalf, except yes, we're speaking only on speaking only on behalf of the policy front. what do you believe is going to happen next with the ceasefire? this is, i will tell you very much and if we would just leave phrase the whole beginning in this session because it has been already framed within the context where we just

had to give some background to how the relationship between morocco and algeria which matters. but certainly i'm happy to only accept your speaking on behalf of the bellisario for that question. that's a 2nd to quite hard to go caught up. ok on the context. norah has been out as that of and you're and saw and saw. so it worked out respect. tell me this, then why, why ok, tell me this a, let me ask you this question. instead, why has the promise ario from supporters decided to, to block the main road linking the western sahara to mauritania? what was the motivation for blocking that roads are various in or more hours being occupied. her wrists are off for decades, already recognized by the general assembly 19711980. these are generous and we're going to shrink down define our office christmas are as i'm compiling power. and what happened as a hobby,

after 7 years of waiting for american gods united nations in operations along with the african organisations, all our people to exercise their internationally recognized right to select a nation and accepted by moroccan sulf. that reference has not been how many typical iraq will have brought to its fury. office we the outcome. are that close to an sign of protest against morocco's continued occupation of large part was was the house moving went to the southwestern part worse and started to protest a rodent that goes from the liquor pipe part of our into boston and then ok liberated that of course are in real terms. what happens actually is

that more often cannot happens. oh ok if it were up like a pirate, not missiles are and they will all they want to go. that route is to grab that. that is, he does not want to morrow or russia is an irishman and says i am against which our civilians have protested our city. just before i ask yasmin to comment on that, i will say the last month the un security council passed a resolution calling for realistic, practical, and during solution based on compromise. so city, do you think the un is sort of trying to push you away from the referendum idea and instead take what morocco was offered, which is this autonomy within the state of morocco? is that now not just a much more realistic and practical solution to this conflict. this friendly council resolution the notice 12584 has more than one. just simply

operative paragraph. what you have just suddenly is operative paragraph 2, but there is also a part of the paragraph or the mall, which calls for it peaceful mosque solution which provides for the stoppage in the nation of the people or ceasar, which means 3 main facts recognition by the support of the council when people call people who watches are as a political reality. recognition of horses are as a terrorist, separate from or all over which is not recognize and suffered it. and thirdly, that any solution to the lasting peace will it must provide for result in a nation of people who are local is the language of a super league of that's for realistic oclock, to gamble, and saw for just saying that what is realistic is in the idea of the be all yes, morocco spent billions of dollars in this region over the last decade and are still

not managed to win the hearts and minds of the sox. why has it failed? well, i actually didn't mean just anything that briefly kate. like what it was said recently, where it was stated that you were a quick look a buyer. there was no, no to chill, were occupy an occupy and international law. the challenges of winning over hearts and minds. i was not that we have because we have to talk about international law. so with me up next i have to correct that there is no word called occupation occupation, but one has to be to be un documents. secondly, to explain that paragraph problem just doesn't give you were into the context. so at the end, what happened to that edge is that is that, is that the outcome of the previews and parents, you know, you and united nations security council resolution, which called poor and you know, pragmatic solution to the 2 of them are of the western sahara. the illusion which

is based on compromise, go in line with morocco's kind of autonomy. so what happened is that the police are you may have a grudge or you were not happy about the outcome of these recent reason. listen, there was no listen, the lobby did. when what done it was like the it, when she went to europe and the emirates being the then we're out of tea. no. during the pandemic, this crisis went to brother the it got it back a bit and robbed and commercial broke this year, maybe 5 of the international community and the man behind them all the former u.n. security council. now because of the development in them, not that it's happening in the tell me pharmacist when i have to say that 73 percent, that's how the pollution believe in the province. they all enjoy it. that was part of the most, many of them are part of these are present in the,

in the part of the main table. and what is our in the found program, his goal for the benefit to have people, pollution, problems in america was get them off. i think as the united nations would have with would have to face. now when it's now about one in the heart, yet where i was when it started, i have to finish to answer your question. not going to win in the heart of the international community. 85 percent of the un member states, not the be in the or the morocco, it's purple because we see that this is the only alternative to the fall. that's not that company that ensures 45 years. let's remember that if a child was born in him, as in 1975, he's not worth the 5 years old. he doesn't have an mc to go to the other provinces and see the real change. ok, so all right, i mean they are important to clarify this. thank you, ricardo has not been a u.n.

envoy to the region since may 29th seen as the, you know, if you take united nations, taken its eye off the ball head on. this is why we are where we off today. i mean, we can definitely say that there has been a degree of neglect by the international community of is there not necessarily the saying that the u.n. is responsible for this, but has been a degree of a complacency and the glass by the international community. the main international actors that are involved do have an interest in this, in this situation that have basically forgotten and above the situation because they have thought that it has been frozen for so long. that it doesn't really pose any risks and any problems for anyone. so why would you rock the boat when you know there is nothing really upsetting the status quo? so the outcome of all this has been that for example, we haven't, you know,

this conflict as a pad and u.n. special envoy for more than a year now. and has been basically a vacuum of the leadership of the authority of the international leadership at the national authority on this, which a my view has really contributed significantly to their latest discoloration of the current situation. the fact that there was no significant or visible or tangible international pressure international presence in this conflict, as undoubtedly contributed to the soria bones of yesterday city. oh my, you've got these people who've grown up in those refugee camps in algeria who've known nothing else, but refugee camps. how much pressure are you under from them to resolve the status of western sahara? good, but let me just before that we are any guest or international managed. so

that morocco is a lot described as one compiler, powered by a lot nation's social organ, the general assembly. and i refer the analyst who you will suspect of your words to journalists only resolution 34, all 37 of the 21st of november mancini, not to 7 open at their parent house 5 and sex offender a solution repeated in 3519 of you don't know, 980 are the 94 hour documentary, that resolution violence and terrorism you, everybody can see to prove that iraq was present so far, is an act of all occupation. ok. just your question. indeed. we have a large revolution community living in our own here. but those revolutions were not driven by an unnatural disaster. they were driven by force,

by morocco when it's invaded our territory on the 31st of a total of $975.00. indeed, that growing up in refugee camps deprive that from the mob to return home from the right to benefit from their missiles. now our being there and massively planted by me, you could buy them power and do you feel under pressure to resolve this issue for them, but at this, after so long after 30 years, it indeed this iteration has gone on for a long time and your one of the speakers spoke about how the new international community has to be some call from one continent because they are part of that are interested in keeping things that are up but from yesterday. and so how do people have spoken up? and they said to the international community, and particularly to the security council, if you can lock stock market from russia's now, how as we do some, and by the way,

this is the latest that you have not heard about that our president has decreed a state of war, so we are more, again, asleep, armed forces and more are, there is no this far on the longer or on yasmin morocco has benefited really from the status quo, has made over the last 30 years, the vast phosphate deposits the rich fishing waters. it's not in morocco's interest to resolve this either. is it it suits you suits morocco out of your pardon, to keep things as they are. well, i think the history plays, who are more up aside at the united nations has changed the language because they knew all they knew. what about who is who should resolve that problem and who should result? that problem is that is a carry on. now, there is no such occupying war that exists in the end, the un resolution. the referendum is the by god is the bygone plan. it's

a plan that belongs to them to the cold war. now we see all the, you know, a country that endures and wearables autonomy, and that many countries now are own alone in their conflict respected. and at the end, i beg of you not to collaboration and again, and again, talking about the phosphates. going about the fish and resource and they go for the better, i think a dead of the heavy population in the southern provinces of morocco. ok to go and see if the development is happening. and also something really important. talking about to be very, very early as yet very quick, something about the that the refugee is there is no better. and then then somehow we believe in this area in the camp in, in the, in the camps b.m.r. . we are that the light that was made by the there the police are really the issue that you have to wait for this. there doesn't, if there is no getting exported by years. and now the international community goes

the line with what is moral progress. because it was very sorry that that gives it its right to be due to do miracles. and we are out of time unfortunately. but thank you to all our guests from the lenzie, a city of law from casablanca, yasmeen has now from lisbon ricardo. and thank you too for watching you can see the program again any time by visiting our website, al-jazeera dot com for more debate. go to our facebook page, facebook dot com, forward slash a.j. inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. we are out a.j. inside story for me, but it's me and the whole team here and

i met no moved out of his parents' house after he got me. he says he found more space living in biscayne after a run of eating it last year. it's now his home, along with his wife, daughter, and home. but there's really, governments at the cables reconstructed we've gotten permits and issue that the militia ordered last month. our interview with cut short as he hears that the israeli army has arrived in the village with the bulldozer residents face will just give them one minute to do. it took the found me months to build their brick wall and dust and an hour to see it get demolished. we understand the differences. i'm similarities have cultures across the world. so

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