from the region where it originally belonged to and they can't wait to return home down to 0. from a massive, it's known for raising awareness of a debilitating degenerative disease has died at the age of just 37. patrick quinn was the co-founder of an internet phenomenon. you may remember the ice bucket challenge, a hugely successful fundraising campaign which raised more than $220000000.00 for medical research into a less, commonly known as the carrot. since when was diagnosed with the illness in 2013 and helped drive this viral social media campaign that took hold a year later. past the hour in these, the headlines, joshua warman. 2 other hong kong pro-democracy activists have pleaded guilty to charges relating to last year's protests. they will be held in custody until sentencing next week and could face 5 years in jail. well ahead of his appearance

in court one promise to continue his fight for freedom. perhaps. but i'm persuaded that neither person nor any other arbitrary power will stop us from activism. what we are doing now is freedom to the world through our compassion, the home we love so much, we are willing to sacrifice the freedom and reporting from the court in hong kong for us to be upheld. he wouldn't be surprised if he would be taken straight to jail and this is what he expected. the prosecutor spent most of the day's proceedings presenting evidence against the 3, mostly in the form of video footage of the night of june 21st last year, showing thousands of protesters who blockaded the police headquarters. but focusing on the 3 for a long ivan rahman,

calling for the police commissioner to come out and face the public. it's worth noting that all these 3 are between $22.00 and their mid twenty's all very young. but it is your 4th time. we'll be going to jail for the headlines, nearly 40000 ethiopian refugees of arrived in sudan, fleeing the fighting between government troops and forces in the region. ethiopia's prime minister has given those forces 72 hours to surrender. the reuters news agency is reporting that a great leader has rejected that ultimatum and yemen's hurt the rebels, divulged a missile in iran, cofield distribution station in saudi arabia's. western port city of jeddah, saudi arabia has neither confirmed nor denied the claims. they're up to date with the headlines time now for inside story. an invitation to bear witness to focus the high the

trials and tribulations. and every day, miracles, the injustices little finds, the test of character, and to witness documentaries with a delicate touch. on al-jazeera. a blanket of toxic smog. india's capital is suffocating with dangerous levels of pollution, and people in new delhi are being warned. it could make them more vulnerable to cove it 90. so what can be done to avoid a disaster? this is inside story. hello welcome to the program and bernard smith. the air quality in india's capital

is amongst the world's worst in winter pollution in new delhi source, making it extremely difficult to breathe. the air becomes still on a thick cloud of smoke settles over the city. it's full of pollutants from vehicles, construction industry and crop burning to name a few measly to eye and nose infections and lung diseases. and on top of that, there's the corona virus which makes risperidone illnesses, potentially deadly. the quality of air in new delhi deteriorated dramatically nearly 2 weeks ago. it reached 490 on a scale of 500. a score between 0 and 50 is what the world health organization considers safe to breathe. but on november 10th and particle pollutants briefly surged to 30 times the safe limit. the number of people complaining of a spurt or disease in new delhi was reported to have risen. doctors say 13 percent of the city's recent covered 900 cases may be linked to pollution. many new delhi's

residents have complained of breathing difficulties on days when pollution levels saw going to face trouble breathing as well as mild headaches. more than usual, as the winter is settling in along with the rise and pollution, our heads hurt even more. it is absolutely impossible to go out and about without masks because of the pollution they would be really going to have diabetes and hypertension. the double blow of covered 1000 and pollution has affected me a lot. i wasn't stepping outside my home because of the bad air and the lack of physical activity made my diabetes get worse. pollution is posing a lot of problems. i run daily after running on the road. i feel the impact on my life. it feels i bought this protection mask for that, but the pollution is so bad that this mask and provide adequate protection from polluted air. the level of oxygen becomes low. if we don't wear a mask, we face problems. there is pollution. that got slightly better after the rain. it

is still there. new delhi is battling both toxic and the records surge in corona virus infections. it's seen more new cases than any other indian state. more than 7000 people a day, a developing covert, 19, the number of beds available with ventilators is shrinking. the government has flown doctors in from other regions and expanded testing. but there are still major concerns over the ability of new delhi's health care system to handle the crisis. let's bring in the guests there all in new delhi. we have deeper, senhor, an assistant professor of economics at on better university in delhi, dr. sirica verner, an ear, nose, and throat surgeon, and karthik is a research fellow at the council on energy and environment and water. welcome to each of you, kartik. i'll start with you. if i may, this pollution appears every autumn. it's not new. why is it still

happening? and why is it getting worse? i think it's happening everywhere, primarily because you know, this is when the winter sets in. so it's as much a meeting phenomenon as it is a manmade phenomenon. and as the other guy says, basically that this pollution exists around, it just manifests itself in such a worse manner in the windows. so the vehicle or pollution, the dependence on private vehicles. they have the management of solid waste in the city state of delhi. incessant burning of waste that happens of because it's not collected in this post off in an appropriate manner and construction, dust and debris. all of these big sources of pollution which don't get addressed, you're around and it just comes up, you know, in a much bigger way. and i think it will be episodic incidences of proper ning, and the valley fire crackers, all of these add to it. so i think they're, they're a distraction for the policymaker, honestly,

because they focus their attention inordinately on attending to those, you know, for the few weeks in the days for which those exist. but then the moment that dies down, everybody feels a bit gone back down to levels which are acceptable. and then for the rest of the year, nothing happens. no news channels covered it either unfortunately. and in november next year or in october next election, i'll be an option. and so i think it's basically because the attention is there only for a very start beating on the issue. we're not addressing it in a holistic manner throughout the deeper is that what happens, people kick up a fuss for the few weeks that the pollution is that and then they forget about it and forget to address the root concerns. absolutely, i completely agree. if you look at the causes for the pollution, much of those apps is to make the congo anything about them ecological issues. but we all know what that come autumn. this is how it's going to be. and then us so many things in domes look for the behavioral changes as well. those institutional

structures this need to be done in the much more consolidated member and the sustainable might have continuously. well, i guess the pollution and of the don't see that happening. but what we see is that those who cannot afford it, if they grow up to get out beautifier out as the season changes, while others upload. but overall, it's something that's become quite a bit to blame. but the, unfortunately, one thinks of the city and the government said, generally the public seem to be thinking about it only when does either come sorry, can i mention this must be one of the busiest times of the year. it for you. can you just explain what the worst the most severe consequences of this pollution are on patients that you deal with? well, lucian is a problem throughout a lot in cities like delhi and the golf was, it becomes much wasn't been dull, but we're seeing the safety yet only up from september to february. so it does they

distressing? do not bat well at a time, then you know, yelling to have peace in the back to make the one thing which is not done in the body. and then the added pollution makes it much worse. you have respected the stress in the ladder to patients, but the last month or now i have been describing medications, the end of a leap, because we're not fully aware that in november that it is really become much worse . the pollution levels will go beyond control. and oh yeah, well it's our children and patients, the dismissive, the sisters stocktaking, then i believe there's only ok calling me and pollution act and find them because they're going to have a minister to disease. ok, thank you. a cough think many indian set cities top the global list of the most polluted new delhi's the at the top of the list. why is new delhi particularly more susceptible to this level of pollution than other parts of the country,

even though there is pollution elsewhere? what, what's special about new delhi? i think it's the geography of course is a very big part of it. it's just, you know, it sits adjacent to lego hurley big dust bowl. which means that there's always a constant influx of dust coming in from the desert, and from perhaps even from central asia that adds to the ambient levels into the day. but in addition, this is the metropolis that's been growing, you know, in an uncontrolled manner for the last 3 or 4 decades enough. and as a result of back, it's, i guess, and doesn't have any abating influences of a coast which lets them move. biota chennai article got to have as a result the pollution basically stays and we don't get this effect of meteorology which you know, with the temperature inversion and all of that in other, in other parts of the country where the population density is so much an added to that the dependence on private vehicles for instance, and that is phenomenal. there is of course, a lot of public transport available. the metro is great, the pa system is reasonably good,

but the number of people using cars to get it on is just, i mean it's, it's outstanding. so all of that, of course that's to it. and i think the bigger problem really is that the city administration, the state administration and the central administration are 3 different bodies that basically control it. and does this no coordination among them to actually make things better? right. so some roads that under some administration, some, some roads and others. so because of the lack of coordination, it's like, you know, if you handle it, you handle it. and as it is not, you know, nobody funding it. and that's one of the reasons why we have, i think, a plethora of issues that the city faces. deeper conflict mentions the bureaucratic problems. india has gone to a central pollution control board and there are state pollution control boards. how effective are they trying to manage pollution in the states but cut in 3, the pollution control votes don't really have that much beef and they,

they are not believed to do this kind of courting nation among states on policy issues. to give an example, one of the external factors in the season is the stubble bonding, which happens in the neighboring state of punjab. so the ag, because of the policy said has to change and the punjab government has to be tilted farmers to use alternative technology. that is something that the pollution control board that entity is not empowered to add to. it is so consistently behind an ordinance putting, setting up a new commission that is supposed to look into all of this. but once again, this happened only last month after the pollution began. so we do need a better institution school or at least these issues that n.t.v. don't have to make this thing along with building infrastructure in terms of public transport and so on and public awareness as well. i think the, the institutions that the have an order to handle sirica. of course, on top of all of this,

we now have the coronavirus. how is the pollution making life harder for people who are suffering from coronavirus? is it making things worse? he call it 19 or takes that is pretty systematically and reduces the oxygen saturation even in the best of times. then you have the pollution increasing to such levels. this fitrakis just increases and so even patients who are becoming getting back into one pot and they never home isolation, i'm not needing to the oxygen. and that is why i've made hospitals us struggling to get beds available for every patient unless every patient had this to handle cloven . the oxygen starts dropping. if you don't need high oxygen beds and that is already stretching the existing, very thin interest at the breaking point. and i, even today, i was struggling to get a couple of people and with their 2, it's a very difficult and right now a, do you see any light at the end of the tunnel?

dr. is this going to get worse? do you think? oh, you mean the 1st? oh i'm, you know, there's a lot of the struggling, fortunately, has learned what kind of these 1.5 percent compared to us and you will from the people of ghana degrees is all probably because the wealthy nation has been exposed to different kinds of fire. this is a jihad on and that is hopefully are saving lives because the stations we're going to 8595 percent base about to go to get home. i don't think that pollution needs to be exacted so that the a lot of the, i guess make us the up in that incident that evolution cause about 1.26 lakh. that's what i'm still for a disease then you know, maybe overnight, if you happened, then the and i would stop and then we have had about one point. you don't relax, that's in india for disease that is causing that is the and yet on the a i'm going to obviously is not taking it very seriously. and i would like to do

with doesn't it emergency ok. tawfiq deeper referred earlier on to stubble burning as one of the reasons why i've been neighboring states punjab and haryana again. but has been known about for a long time that burning stubble from the rice poppies and straw from the rice paddies. why hasn't the government able to talk a lot so so we're looking at you with the farmers in punjab on this matter. and i think the primary challenges that you know, this generation, a pharmacist country that is so used to this cycle of, you know, rice and wheat that for them to think of shifting away to something as rent. dick was systemic changes, right? right from the procurement options for alternative crop that they might so do training regarding, you know, how do you go bar, you know, cropping other other crops, the watering back down the resources required. all of that needs to start from

scratch because the government actually spent a lot of time and money getting them to grow rice in the 1st place. you see they were actually left and you're talking about, you know, through the eighty's. and now, given that the not so much effort and money is gone into actually getting them on board to cultivate place, i think equal amount of effort needs to go in to sort of make a new learning all of that and telling them that, well, this is not sustainable for many of us. the most important of which is the water availability in the state of the job, which is precipitously declining with every passing year. and in the interest of long term agricultural prospects for the state, i think the farmers will have to adapt to growing something else. but that is not going to happen with strict art collector. i will find you if you're born. it has to happen with one holding with, you know, these agricultural extensions as they're called school. so to say for farmers to go and learn and for them to get resources and to stop them and to get the resources to plain fund. if that doesn't happen, and if the government doesn't, you know,

look out of their own market mechanism to provide other crops they otherwise would cultivate. this is probably going to go on for a while until, you know, it just becomes unsustainable. in many other ways to just go dyson punjab, which would be a sad state of it because it can eat quickly to help us understand why this. why this process of burning off has enjoyed the government's trying to get farmers to find other methods to clear the field. and i know there's a tight reef seeding pretty area between harvest. just help us understand why that's a problem. i mean, the solutions have been developed a home grown, that's the beauty of it, which is, you know, there's this, you know, these happy cedar and, and these are the technologies that help you know, incorporate the rice to do in the soil. but the thing is that all of these are, you know, implements one on top of the other. one job is already one of the most heavy, mechanized agricultural states. and perhaps regions in the world like the per capita ownership of things like a body of, of, and of harvesters and of practice probably rivals jadavpur and america. which means

that, you know, i think more and more employment makes it very expensive prospect for farmers to actually continue doing it. and they're already under serious levels of debt. so that after really, you know, models that are sustainable in terms of whether it's leasing, whether it's community purchase and use it. and then of course the education part of it, as i said it's, it's happened in 4 years. but every year unfortunately, we've kind of gone with the stick in september of each year saying, you know, do this or you get fined, do the same, you get fined and the political will to sort of brilliant, implement that fine is not then it's unfairly right to actually ask them to pay a fine because nothing's been done throughout the year. so i think unless we can actually put money where the mouth is and do something about it. and i think in the long run, the better solution is to not even the long run, but money in the medium term to get them away is probably the solution. but i think it's happening increasingly when the conditions we've seen. because a lot of people are saying that the cost of agriculture is already going up significantly in punjab and maybe list come to it there in

a farmers the shift and mass as opposed to you know, trying to sort of solve the rice, how do issues that are deeper, the government does have a national plan and launching 2019 to, to cut pollution by 20 to 30 percent by 2014. how realistic does that target look now? so like all of the issues that kind of think this talked about and what people have been discussing the don't see in the actual movement on the ground or manual says. so if the think that if things continue to read, they're not then the targets. i think that the important point is for understand that this solution is not the one thing event. that this is something that needs a change in many, many things. like the act because the policy, so it cannot be that in these months we find the promise and then the rest of the other things go on as to his bank building public and the public transport separation of the duction of all of this. and we don't see any of that to be

happening and all this can not be put on the only individual and on the public. so advertisement kind of, after all of this needs structure, the support, they need a lot of the missed drink coming from the government. also, you must remember there is a sense even as a huge number of people who are below the poverty line and the high levels of inequality. and therefore, unless it is support in the longer infrastructure then maybe as other systems you think one what and in fact one thing if it's business as usual, then i'm not ready will. so reka what is the effect on recovering patients of pollution? i mean, and telling people to get out of new delhi if they're recovering, what happens to people. oh, to go there. you know, it's always you always enough, but you did it. well, you did it that uses the recovery. well,

most 50 percent and of your goal is to be seen that patients led government from all over the well of many fibrosis and they have a distinctive difficulty. and for even 6 to 8 weeks after they get a good eye, b.p. said negative. so when you happy you did it, it just makes it much worse. and with all the festivities that have happened, people i've been out in the boat the out of causing the pollution is just an added burden on the existing problems. and i list the government, the serious about acting. you shouldn't not just with land, but with actual actions. you're going to be very, very difficult times ahead. china, the government there is aggressively promoting now, green vehicles of course. and in china, there's a much more top down control over the development of the state's economy. but china seems to have seen the future for greener industries. why hasn't india yet?

so i think he's got a fantastic policy by her ford electric vehicles, and that's the sort of to put the iceberg in any case. but, you know, all of those are going to come in maybe, you know, in about 5 to 10 years for 5 to 10 years. all of those teams are incrementally going in back, you know, each year maybe, you know, 5 percent or whatever it might be. so i don't think it's just dollars, they don't, industries to come in and replace is likely to solution at all, but that's it. india still needs to do it. and i think there's a whole suite of policies that if you have been looking at the the announcements from the finance ministry rate, the performance linked incentives for, you know, industrial manufacturing, particularly annoyed those that represent green nostri, is there. of course, india's been slow to get on the bus primarily because, you know, we don't have the fundamental in us and manufacturing backbone that china has had for now, you know, at least 3 or 4 decades. and unless you sort of build that up,

you know, and our degrees, our own reliance on china even for simple compensate, is basically an electronics industry. we will of course find it a challenge. but i think the government is serious about it, primarily because it understands that jobs in india rely on these industries actually coming in. and that's really the future. and automotive, for specific reasons you talked about cars, is one of india's biggest exporters. and as well as in our big contributor to overall g.d.p. in the country as well. so they are definitely, you know, a serious about it. but you know, that is not going to solve the problem for another 10 years, at least because the stock of vehicles of we have in the continuous sales of, you know, petrol and diesel vehicles that are already, you know, are there with probably, you know, continue? well, into this decade it's so i don't think we should land that to solve the problem. but it's something that i think really is being addressed deeply. you seem to have suggested in some area earlier answers that has been a failure by the government to grasp the seriousness of pollution. do you think the government grasps the importance of a green future of green technologies?

i think i'm a great articles all day and there is definitely much more that knowledge meant all in my mental issues now than there was even say about 4 or 5 years back. and they do see many of these coming in. but at the same time, i would replace the point that year. and one of the issues is that each of this is to look at it in a different silos and they have to see the link for the end. because your policy, the nutrition policy, the employment policy, all of this has to become pretty along with being broke or like the used to say. and it doesn't. but it also needs to be looked at from an environmental lens mouse. i think it needs a much bigger change in the public's faith in the really think about what economic progress means and what is the kind of of future that we see for ourselves . and then by the in technology,

one rule is one company. so all of this is coming in in piecemeal by not riches, but the business sector. they're not having anything, but at the same time, i think the bigger picture from thing that sorry, can i just ask you in terms of honoring also an economist. but clearly the amounts of ill people you are dealing with. these are people who could be working on who should be working, do you and don't take telling people to take a lot of time off work because of the risperidone. diseases are suffering from the cost of staying at home and looking after a sick bed and is under the billions of dollars. unfortunately, an endeavor don't have but the economy cost awful hill support hell is huge. if the government can be able mindset as to understand the logic of healthy. 6 nation is going to create

a lot hidden economy. the way china has had that the air pollution is something that in debt can definitely learn from that. one thing used to shut down because of bad it. and i think he's already there right now. like what i think of the 5 say we have the plans in place. we have the words in place of you don't have the action to go with those plans. b. have to start stopping. come a lot like germany and already stopped its last oil fired up, i did 2020 and in guess even now stopping new polygons based on colin. and so we have to walk the ball. we have to create open forest. we have to do a lot more than they actually are doing expect the whole your population. and i would also like to add that the health budget needs to go up really high before because the couldn't help it is more steeper out related by the way would take the and the government needs to invest in that as much. it's a difficult things, but this is also,

there will actually change to happen at the policy level. in the end, i will as well step back to review it situation. it's a great time playing out to start making massive changes in their policy that every action should be a sustainable development so that we can have a healthy up relation and we don't remain of the same policeman next year. ok, thank you very much for that. we are unfortunately out of time folks, but funks to all of our guests to think going to and thank you for watching. you can see the program again, any time by visiting our website, al-jazeera dot com for more debate. you can go to our facebook page, facebook dot com for slash a.j. inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. we are a.j. inside story on this era for me, but it's part of the whole team here. but to

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