3, but this is with our current strategies. there are, there is a lot of horse that through the process all the united nation framework convention for climate change. the vision, all international. the challenge contributions made by the countries will be able to get on the right track. and let's take you through some of the headlines here. now the sierra now pharmaceutical company, astra zeneca and oxford university, say late stage testing of a covert 1000 vaccine shows. it's highly effective. they say it can be stored at frigid temperatures, making it cheaper and easier to distribute. but there are questions over how effective it may be in the long term. the british prime minister has confirmed england's long town will end on december the 2nd, but it will return to a ted system of restrictions and they'll be tougher than before. but without

sensible precautions, we would risk the virus escalating into a we all knew years be incidence of the disease is around us still white bread in many areas. so we've got to be replaced national measures with a free for all the status quo ante. we're going to go back instead to a regional cheered approach apply the toughest missions where good is most the leader of forces in ethiopia is no than tigra. region is denying that government troops are in the process of surrounding the regional capital. mccalla a, the government though insists its soldiers are within 50 kilometers of the city on sunday, it gave it to great people's liberation front, a 72 hour surrender ultimatum. the c.p.l. of is refusing. u.s. president elect joe biden has picked

a number of people for top cabinet. some white house posts, he's nominated longtime adviser, anthony blinken to be secretary of state. while jake sullivan is being lined up as national security advisor, both served in the obama administration. the corruption trial of former french president nicolas sarkozy is being perspire on shortly after it began in paris. sarkozy is accused of attempting to bribe a judge hearings will start again on thursday. they've been disrupted by the pandemic. hong kong pro-democracy activist joshua warner's pleaded guilty to unlawful assembly during last year's protests. it was joined in court by fellow activists, agnes challen, ivan lamb 3, will be held in custody until sentencing. next week. it's inside story. now.

the g. 20 summit has ended with a promise of fags, global distribution of covert vaccines, but no specifics on where the money will come from. and the $1.00 know all the major initiatives announced with the u.n. disengaged out as the rest of the world. sets an agenda. this is inside story. hello, welcome to the program. and it's, we're closing statement emphasizing the important mandates of the united nations systems. but with a little in the way of a breakthrough announcement, the g 20 has wrapped up its annual summit. it was hosted by saudi arabia this year

. virtually there was a call to ensure fair access for all of the vaccines for covert 19 and developing nations. want a plan for extending debt relief. but there was no firm commitment to that in the final communique. or donald trump missed part of the summit to play golf. our diplomatic editor james spades reports saudi arabia's king solomon concluded this 2 day summit, conducted by video conference and handed over to the g. 20 presidency to the italian prime minister content. but then in a previously unannounced appearance, the king's son, crown prince mohammed bin sound man, made his own address to a man who's in day to day charge in saudi arabia and who human rights campaigners blame for the continued repression in the kingdom. said the g 20 is actions and greatly helped the world deal with the pandemic of the fish in light of the outbreak of causes 19 whatever and its health,

economic and social repercussions that a tower in a recovery center has been important more than ever or to have been about how together we have addressed this challenge with seriousness necessitated by the responsibility to preserve human liable to protect livelihoods and mitigate the ensuing damage, demick and raise revenues to peace. anything material prices, god forbid. but compare that with the demands of the international medical and humanitarian community. the u.n. secretary general, who is one of those who taught in the g. 20, made it clear. it's a news conference on friday. how much money was needed to get the vaccine to the poorest parts of the world. but 28000000000 more needed, including 4200000000 before the end of the this funding is critical for mass manufacturing, procurement, and delivery of new government 1000 vaccines and tools around the world. that funding was one of 2 main asks by the secretary general, but it is not here in the final declaration by g.

20 leaders. he also asked that debt relief offered by the g. 20 earlier in the year to some of the poorest countries on earth. be extended to middle income countries who need it. again, it's not here and the g. 20 have fallen short. james goes al-jazeera, the united nations. the g 20 or group of 28 was set up in 1999 as a leading form for global economic cooperation. it consists of 19 countries of some of the world's largest economies, plus the european union. its members collectively represent around 80 percent of the world's economic output. several developing nations including brazil, china, india, and indonesia belong to the group. its leaders meet annually to discuss mainly the most challenging economic issues, but they also tackle other pressing problems. the group has been criticized for involving only a small number of nations in important decisions. and

let's bring in our guests on pettifer is a global economist, and she joins us from suffolk in the united kingdom in from morocco. we have an exam, a sari, an associate professor of international studies at arco wayne university. and, joining us from washington, d.c. is hillary mann, leverett c.e.o., of the political risk consulting firm strategic, and a former u.s. diplomat. welcome to you or hillary. i'll start with you. if i may, did you think this summit achieved anything concrete it? well, of course, there was the usual communique and that's a good thing. and i have to say with just a light hearted the sense that something like this achieving a communique in the last days of a trumpet. ministration is actually an achievement. it shows that possibly the united states could stay involved in multilateral institutions. and as we transition to another administration, i would expect the new administration will be much more involved in summits like

this and in multilateral institutions. overall, i was struck in to struck a seemingly positive note to do you go along without using the summit achieve anything. i'm not sure that it did and model of the reasons for that is of a back who was at the table. and the question is, you know, the united states was only at the table for some of the time. and many of those low income countries that so desperately needed a vaccine. and that is suffering, the consequences, the pandemic on when ted the table. and so we can expect that the communique would be black and it would not really contain any real commitments and nor has it. having said that, i have to say that this must have been enormously challenging to have to hold a global summit digitally. it must have been really, really difficult for all the latest tonight. and i suppose insofar as they did manage something that is commendable, but on the whole, it's disappointing,

given the scale of the crisis faced by lowering can come. he's your in one of those countries that would need help distributing a vaccine. did you see the summit as achieving anything concrete from your perspective? i think that dreamed in bringing up the issue of co level is an achievement on its own. you know that there are president mongers who met like president trump like persons pulsar naral who were always suspicious who have always suspected of 2nd intentions or conspiracy theories with covert. so the facts that they discussed, it's that this caused that accident. 'd that they agreed on this supports to countries who cannot afford it is an achievement for say, i agree with my colleagues that this is

a minor achievement. it's an achievement. percent hillary, the u.s. wasn't really at the table if you like. it's disengaged from these sorts of forums . was that really obvious here that without the u.s. that there was nobody else to lead? well, it's hard to say, i mean the g 20 is an interesting institution in of itself. it's just the top 20 economies in the world, so it doesn't include the vast majority of countries and a significant number of peoples around the world. so for the united states to be at the table at the g 20 is, it's an interesting aspect from the washington perspective in that someone like president trump, who believes very much in america 1st, are really america alone, pursuing its interests. the g. 20 is a useful instrument because the other countries in the g 20 are also there just basically to pursue their own interests. it's not

a broad based institution like the world health organization, for example, to deal with coded or the world trade organization to deal with trade and other issues. so for trying and for washington, where it is now that she 20 is a somewhat useful instrument, but to really go beyond that, we're going to have to wait for the next administration. the trouble ministration is really not interested in using multilateral institutions, to pursue multilateral global objectives to help people, it's really just focused on it. and institution like the g. 20 to pursue u.s. interests alone will have to wait for the next administration to see whether it reengages more broadly in not just the g. 20, but more importantly, these other institutions that are much more representative of the global population . did you think that the g 20 really locked america's presence a summit? why was it so? are they able to come up with any other sort of coalesce around any other

organization or group to lead you through it needed the u.s. to? well, the point is that the e.u. or 2 have really taken the lead in to an extent, mrs. merkel and president micron have but it's a real problem. it's a real problem. i think my of my fellow panelists have set a very low bar for the achievement of the summit. the fact of the matter is that the value of the summit of the summit is that, that is, is when my facing global crises, that's when we need a global leadership and b. global coordination and cooperation. and unfortunately, and it's not just united states, many countries are opting out of the global system indeed globalizing. and that of course is reflected in the weakness of the g 20. but can i just also say there is a deep hypocrisy about the rich countries saying they're going to do something about covert when they've already bought up all the existing vaccines for

themselves, for their own countries. you know, yes it is definitely my interest focused as far as the g. 20 is the and so, but if that's the case, we're going to be honest about it instead of pretending which about the rest of the world. but the fact of the matter is, this is a global pandemic, and the rest of the world matters to the rich world. and yet there's no real indication in that statement that they're going to do anything about ms. are there was just this commitment in the g 20 communique to try and ensure equal access for all to covert 1000 vaccines, but there was no money up front for it was there was not a disappointment for you. well, it is a disappointment, but i think again, as it was said previously, it's not so that we expected far more than this, that the g. 20 is an attempt to go beyond what used to happen and is an improvement with what's

used to happen with the g. 7 or 8, but it still did not are as speaking here, or we're still not getting here with a wide representation from all the economies of the war that we are not even speaking here about the 20 biggest economies in the world. these countries where jews and in a way to be a representative, but where is the african continent, for instance, it's only represented by south africa. where are the other contenders on the african continent? so it's the nature of the g 20. it's been operate in that somehow limits its expectations and limits the achievements it's going to have on all different topics and even when it is the it in with the crisis. so this is, i think that the problem that the g.

20 face is this time and the to be face in, in, in other opportunities until it becomes a real representation of, of what is happening around us. and when i speak about what is happening around us, it's the words not make made only of the state. it is made of manure, different kinds of actors. a lot of organizations are starting to include n.g.o.s for instance, in their, in their meetings and in their summits. and this is not what the g 20 is trying to do when it is held, even virtually in saudi arabia. one cannot expect a treaty to be breathed in n.g.o.s and the people's fault. so. well, hillary critics of the, of the g. 7, the g. 8 minus russia. they'd argue that it no longer represents the world's most powerful economies, especially with the rise of china. so would the g.

20 be a more important body as opposed to the g 7 become a more important body? well, again, it depends really and i think, you know, i don't say this in any kind of proud way. percent say that the united states really is, if not the sole superpower in terms of exerting its power in various institutions and trying to assert itself around the world. it really matters what role the united states takes in these types of institutions. and i think the g 20 has perhaps seen the highlight of its day and maybe even the g. 7 itself under trub, i think with an incoming biden administration, you will see an administration more interested and more involved in broader multilateral institutions. institutions that are knit together by the tenants and pillars of democracy and, and human rights that it's going to be a very big change in terms of how the united states exerts itself on the world

stage. so both the g 7 and the g 20, i think we're remnants united states trying to hold on to economic power. that it had almost solely to itself in the wake of the collapse of the soviet union. but today, economic power is not something that the united states can soli control. and so it will seek to have broader control and other institutions that are not based purely on economic power were china is the main competitor of the united states. and china has just as much, if not more, say over leadership in global economic affairs. ok. there was also hope the maybe there been more commitment in terms of debt relief for middle income as well as low income countries. again, there's nothing further apart from a phone call from this new framework with how important is that going to be next year as we try and come out of the coronavirus. so i think you've hit the nail on the head to head because the point is that we don't just have

a pandemic. we don't just have a minute microbe an invisible storing all of our economies. we are also facing entrenched $21.00, a year of massive unemployment. and of business failures, bankruptcies and of further collapsing income. and that's, that's the challenge that the g 20 ought to be addressing. and we have to understand this, that in order to address that challenge, we have to work together. we have to coordinate internationally. and it's that failure that so sad really, because the crisis we're walking into, which will be a crisis of unemployment, of economic failure, is the one that we are rarely where we are, where we were ready when, when we faced these crises before. if you look back in history, countries have come together. they came together under the bretton woods system. they came together and you know what is already striking to me and i agree entirely

with the point about, you know, the united states is no longer that interested governments are no longer g 20 doesn't really matter very much. what's very interesting to me is that the world is capable of coordinating at an international level to rescue wall street, the city of london and frankfurt, basically, in other words, the financial system. so we watched central bank governors from the federal reserve to the bank of england to the bank of japan, to the bank of the e.c.b. we're together, coordinate and help each other to tackle the problems faced by the finance sector. and it's deeply ironic that the leaders who are leaders con, do the same thing to tackle the problems facing on the one hand, the ecosystem. and on the other hand, millions and millions of the world's people. that's a really, that's this bizarre. what's the word malfunction with whereby technocrats can get

together and fix the financials? financial sector, the politicians can't to fix the economy. does the challenge that developing come to developing countries have been having his voice it at somewhere like the g 20 mean that the very important issue of debt relief wasn't fully addressed at the summit meeting? oh yes, absolutely. in the sense that to have been speaking about reforming the institutions of president hu, for a couple of decades now, or even more than that. so many countries, many other sets have been speaking about reform in the, the situations of britain woods to give voice to the is to the rest of the world. and this has failed. so i wouldn't, the g 20 is certainly not the reform of the institutions of political will does, but it is a place where from south africa to indonesia, to india,

all different countries of the argentina, brazil, all these countries have a voice at the table in deciding and discuss in issues of war, the interest on debt relief is there. relief is one of those issues. but again, very little has been achieved so that it is a achievement for said to have these states sitting at the table and defended this point of view. i'm not, but it's another issue whether they have to concrete results have been achieved. so we are still, we still need really to, to reform the situations, opportunities. and when one remembers, for instance, that the i.m.f. sits at the g. 20. so not too much can be expected from the, from reforming the situations of the institutions of present moods and bringing

more legitimacy. not to even speaking about efficiency, but to my initiatives to see, to the world financial system. hillary wants to ask you in an absence of sort of the u.s. is leadership at events like the g 20. why doesn't russia or china want to fill a void on my? i know china might not want tough scrutiny of it's how it works out is debt repayments, but why no one else tries to fill a void. and i think uniquely the united states has looked to and helped build these international institutions with a very particular, very selfish motive, which is for the united states to exert its power around the world, through these multi institutions, to legitimize the exertion of u.s. power through multilateral institutions, institutions including the g 20 but including lots of other multilateral institutions. that essentially the basis of u.s. interest in these institutions is to legitimize american power. china and russia.

they, they, of course, are interested in power, but they do not have the same interests or have not shown the same interest in that kind of global exertion of power in the way the united states has since world war 2 . some people think that china may get there, and that's one of the reasons why china is increasingly interested itself in these incidents, international institutions in a way that it wasn't for prior decades. but that remains to be seen to date is still the united states in the wake of broad were 2 that sees and uses these international institutions uniquely to exert american power and legitimize it around the world. russia and china have just not shown that interest or capability yet. there's some here in washington. fear that's precisely what china wants to do . you see all the china all would like to try and fill a void will or by the presidency next year, recover the u.s. position. there are concerns here in

washington that it's not just the china wants to fill the void, but that china is on this. this trajectory inevitably to pursue the same path to power a global power that the united states has and the united states has to do all it can to prevent china from doing so. and so i think it will see the biden administration. similarly, try to use international institutions, but in a way that blocks china's participation, for example, focused on democracy. they will focus on institutions for democracy and human rights. not so much because they care all that much about those issues. but it is a way to prevent china's inclusion and china's continued rise to global power. and can i ask you, is that something you see? do you see a biden presidency presidency trying to gain take back the u.s. position? always china, going to try and fill a void. so i think that's a very frank and correct and right analysis of, of the united states has position. but i will say one thing more,

which is that the united states seeks to exert not just its own legitimacy, but wall street that just innocent. and wall street is the powerhouse his that drives this. essentially, china doesn't have a wall street. it doesn't have a currency, which is the world's reserve currency europe. it doesn't have a wall street and it doesn't have a currency that is the world's reserve currency. so what we're seeing here is the legitimizing of the power of the financial sector of wall street. and until those countries can develop power equivalent power, they're not going to be able to challenge the united states and what united states is still doing. despite the weakness of its president and its leader, it's still protecting those financial interests and it's still asserting its power across the world to ensure that those financial interests take priority. and of course, this is why we have a world divided between creditors and debtors. wall street to the world of

creditors, and the debtors, many of whom are sovereign countries, poor countries have no voice in all of this and have virtually no power. that system is deeply, deeply unjust, and internationally. and just in the united states is going to have to do something about wall street before we can do something about rebalancing power across the world. and is, i'd like to ask you what if anything, saudi arabia managed to get out of this summit. of course, on the one hand it wants to highlight it's changing society and on the other, how to hopes people, dozen people forget about the war in yemen. and the murder of a prominent journalist did saudi arabia getting i get to get anything out of this. no one boycotted it after all. well, nobody boycotts of that. but i think we're pretty sure that saudi arabia expected something far bigger. expected all these world leaders to be,

to be visited in saudi arabia to be in place to see and to showcase the supposed advances that saying to peace, a militant but covert did not allow it to take place that it is, it is a frustration, certainly for saudi leaders that things that not happened the way they were expecting that to happen. and everyone was online on the do, in the forum, into where it took place. and so the saudi arabia did not get all it wanted from this summit. and this parent, this is, is certainly a frustration to sell the leaders, folks. there are so many more questions i want to ask, but unfortunately we are out of time. so funds to august's to ann pettifor to newsarama, sorry. and to hillary mann leverett, and to thank you 2 for watching,

you can see the problem again. any time by visiting our website, al-jazeera dot com, more debate, go to our facebook page at facebook dot com, forward slash a.j. inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. we are a.j. inside story and i am up to 0. from a 3rd it's me and a whole team here jumped into the stream. and julian on global community bio diversity is bio security. it is that essential for our species to survive. be part of the debate. i know you

have ideas and you can be part of this conversation. when no topic is off the table, the police are not neutral and all of these cases goal here is to terrorize. and here's the other part of this. there's no consequence to this stream. on out is their domain, the intersection of reality and comedy and post revolution, tennessee, a mission, to entertain, educate and provoke debate through satire, how weapon of choice and intimate look at what inspires one of tuna's year's most popular comedians to make people off my toon, asea, hack on al-jazeera. i care about how the u.s. engages with the rest of the world. i cover foreign policy, national security. this is a political impasse. here's the conflict. are we telling a good story?

really interested in taking you into a place that you might not visit otherwise and to actually feels if you were there . al-jazeera. hello, i'm sad to say that this is the news hour live from doha, coming up in the next 60 minutes. a british drug maker says they have, a covert vaccine for the world cheaper and easier to distribute than rivals. u.s., president elect joe biden confirms key picks for his foreign policy and national security teams. government forces say they moved closer to the grain capital as the situation for refugees worsens.