campaign i have not had the support that other sectors of the economy had of had. and what i would like to see is the government putting support in and using this moment the, the billions and hundreds of billions of money that are being spent into driving the taxi industry and other industries towards much cleaner vehicles. since its, introduction in the 1950 s., the london black cab has been a british design icon. but nostalgia and style cannot by themselves. keep these vehicles on the road. paul brennan, al-jazeera essex. a reminder of our top stories straight bioneers, forging ahead with his preparations to take over as president as his margin of victory keeps growing. he's formally unveil some of his top team while pennsylvania and nevada have become the latest states to certify him as the winner. it's

a team that will keep our country and our people safe and secure. it's a team that reflects the fact that america is back ready to lead the world. not retreat from it. once again, sit at the head of the table, ready to confront our adversaries, and not reject our allies ready to stand up for our values. in a brief appearance here as president, donald trump is taking credit for record day in the markets. the dow jones index reached a historic high and choose day following the transition developments and progress on the coronavirus vaccines. hong kong chief executive kerry land sends her says if there's an urgent priority to restore the territories political system from chaos in her annual policy address, the government would begin a public education program to announce understanding of the rule of law.

if he appears government claims that force isn't a gray, have begun to surrender. they've been given to wednesday to lay down their arms. but to graze. leaders are denying the claims and say they've destroyed a government division. at least 4 people have died and more than a dozen are missing. after a boat carrying migrants capsized off spain's canary islands, about $35.00 people were on board when it smashed into rocks off the coast of lanza, rotty, italy as reported its highs daily death toll from a coronavirus. since march 853 fatalities were confirmed on tuesday, and france's president manuel micron says the worst of the 2nd korean virus wave is over, the country will start easing its lockdown from this weekend. those were the headlines about with more news in half an hour here on al-jazeera. next, it's the stream to stay with us. american people have finally poking around here as i see it. because of our world becomes more dangerous. the world is looking at us

with a mixture of sadness and with the election behind us. will the republican party dump truck your weekly take on u.s. politics and that's the bottom of their eye for the ok. you're watching the home edition of the stream under the stairs, in my house, because it is 2020. we are in a global pandemic. we have learned so much of the past few months about 819. so here on the scene, want to bring together some health professionals who could tell us what do we know now that we didn't know before? talk about vaccines because they're making headlines right now and what to expect in 2021. i know you have questions reality for you. you can jump into the comment section of the questions and they can be part of today's show.

well, we have doctors in the house, we have medical professionals in the house. it's good to have you back. can you do your official introduction to the well tell everybody who you are in mind? the stream, viewers who may have seen you before. thank you for having me on the show today. so our own problems are bit of a doctor. i work in intensive care in emergency medicine. i'm also a journalist and i've written quite a few pieces recently on the economic impacts of chronic are somewhat good to have you back and kiko really nice to see you. can you introduce yourself to i would it's tell them he while eating. thank you for having me on your cell. my name is i can claim i'm a professor of any knowledge thing. at the yale university school of medicine. my lab studies the immune response to cover mounting and another doctor may have krishna was in with us on the strain krishna. introduce yourself to a global audience. tell them what eating are good to be with you on krishna. like

mark the position based on you can a versity and have the pleasure of leading the global health innovation center here and to try to harness innovation to address health and health care challenges, including covert welcome everybody. none of you would have missed the headlines recently about vaccines. and so i want to show our audience the 3 vaccines that are making nice right now, why they're making news. so let's start with the families of 195 percent efficacy thought t dollars is expected price of it. so that's the fines of $1.00, madonna. $94.00 play, fight the same advocacy. and it may cost somewhere between 25 and 37 dollars and inflation only ask, just send meca up to 90 percent efficacy sunni dollars, maximum cost is $1.00 is way, way, way cheaper. i might add of those doing the ritual,

which you pick. i'm lying. i think it's really a difficult question to answer that particular in terms of the data that's available at the moment not i might annoy a lot has been provided towards us, but it's important to also look at like the history of drug companies in terms of how they've actually impacted economies before. so in 2007, for example, pfizer was voted as the least reputable pharmaceutical company of the big companies out there. and is they've been, they've had quite a lot like 4 complaints and like in 2009 that had the biggest education against them. so there are times where drug companies, especially in something that is so marketable. so i guess economically beneficial for a company where the whole world requires a coronavirus vaccine for them to maybe, you know, cut corners or try to jumps so and shortcuts. so for me to say which one am i going to trust? now it's difficult to answer that question. it's more of, let's wait for the data to come out before we can from the start say which one of

those 3 is the one that's the most exciting akiko, just looking at these 3. can you tell us that if it's gene, the fines him or done, or an aston stanek have because at some point, either in the next few months or the next 6 months, people are going to be faced with a choice. maybe they won't have a choice. maybe they'll just have to take one of them. what's the difference treating signs, or, for instance, the fines of axing? what should we know about? so there pfizer, in the modern of vaccines are the m.r.i. vaccines. what that means is it's taking the blueprint to make a protein called the spike protein, which is the target of the new response to sars coronavirus 2, which causes the code in 1000 disease. and that's introduced into the cell by lipitor capsule. and it's our own cells that make the proteins, the spike proteins that become the target of antti bodies and t. cells. the astra zeneca vaccine is a viral vectored vaccine,

which means that we're using the ad in our virus as a trojan horse to deliver the material inside the cell. and again, it's the host cell that makes the protein, the spike protein that becomes the target of antibodies, intisar, s. . so all of these things are, you know, have a very high efficacy so far, and i'm very excited about the let me just go to abdullah. abdullah and adeline or new chief says, whose duty is it to conduct random, independent tests of the components of the vaccines because he's really concerned about transparency. who is that something that using averages? i want to check the data and make sure it's ok. whose responsibility is it to do that? well, i guess it's part of the whole process of peer review research where

normally and it's something that's not so rushed where drug companies trying to produce a product all go through various phases of research. i submitted to different journals where other people who are peers of who work in the same field will go through the recession, the data, and then come to a conclusion whether or not this industry is a ball or not feasible on a good through various stages. so there is always background checks that can happen, but in this case, i guess more of a rushed process. corners are being cut even when it comes towards the f.d.a. or nice in the u.k. . there are there are because it's, they're looking for emergency approval. what is occurring is going to her as much scrutiny. what are the coolness, akiko, do you agree that there could, as you will have you sitting there with excitement and a medicine that i think the concordance well corners are being cut. certainly the phase 3 trials are looking at safety and making sure that no adverse events are happening. and so far,

none of these 3 companies have adverse event that would stop it from going forward . and obviously the efficacy data, these are called press releases, which means that the companies that are conducting the trials are putting out news in the form of press release as opposed to what on that wants to see. what's in store, peer reviewed, or at least pre-print version on the raw data? we haven't seen those, you know, but i believe those are forthcoming. i believe this is a scenario i wanted, i didn't big. i should be projecting stary directly or viewers around the world. but a way out now and now to be christian. well, we don't know enough and we are living through a real crisis around the world. and so i agree that data is incredibly important, but there's a strong role here for regulatory bodies as well. in addition to the peer review process, and so we have seen the f.d.a.

and other regulators also step up and make sure that they are providing transparency as well as clear guidelines as to what they want to see from the data, including evidence the as well as safety and maybe to go back to your 1st question, what excites me about that scene development is really all of the above. i don't think we can be in a position where we try to choose just one of these 3 candidates or even more that are coming online. we know that in the best case scenario, where all 3 of these vaccines are seen to be effective and get approved, that the total manufacturing capacity is about $5000000000.00 doses by the end of 2021. more than a year from now. and more than $3000000000.00 of those, those are already purchased and spoken for. so we're going to have significant shortages. and what we really need to be thinking about is portfolio management. so how many different vaccines can we bring online and how quickly and make sure that the right type of vaccine is going to the right place at the right time?

question and u.b.e. tweeted out just a few hours ago as i can see this beautifully hand on my laptop about how many doses will be available in 20202021. how many who were keeping full top. so we're looking by next year at the now i'm just going to make a quick 12 like 4000000000 doses that meet it's very quick, concrete mathematics. christian, i have a question for you. this question comes from uganda and this is going to have an issue. when you look at uganda police, then what do we take for us to get the right to do this? you plan to combat the spending in that timeframe. how i'm going to ensure the last minute we do nothing. you've got to find the scene. you need to get rid of. well, if that's going to be someone i want to learn home, i think is not such treatment. i'm going to do a problem because we need to ensure that people look at my eyes if nothing to see

yet. thank you. in a breath, i think that's a really critical question. and i would say where i have platforms like kovacs, the world health organization, gabby and sappy, have come together to really bring together a single platform to try to facilitate equitable access around the world. and under really alone, i know, can i say should this within the medical well to things like zach scenes for affordable prices, low actually even free, chris? yes, that's right. and so there is room there. certainly for improvement. we need tens of billions of dollars more to be raised in this equitable way. and the idea that we might need ultra cold chain in places that are outside of cities, especially in low resource, that ng's are going to be very difficult. which is why getting the positive data on the astra zeneca oxford vaccine, as well as some of the others that are in the late stage of pipeline is going to be

really important. and in addition to kovacs, i think we're starting to see things like the african union and the africa c.d.c. come together to protect your funding from across the continent so that they too can make purchases to cover their own populations. so we are starting to see some movement, but a long way to go, akiko, i feel, and i'm picking up from our online community, some hesitancy about taking the vaccine. this is sure c 100 on you say i want to take the vaccine, but part of me is worried about its safety. but mostly because of the people i feel as though i don't know why. ok, so that's all of us and protecting our fear is our concern. but we also tracked down rather who is in south africa. she's in johannesburg and she's been taking part in oxford university trials. and she has a very different perspective regarding taking a vaccine. here's what i chose to take part in the south africa in aspen

back scene for the co, the 19 virus because i think it's incredibly important to have days that is relevant to my local context. i also would like to believe that my taking part would in some way, shape or form enable the people of my countries have access to that when it's finally improved. in terms of whether i will trust the vaccine when it is available . absolutely, and i think partially, this is informed by the fact that having been on the trial, i've been able to witness firsthand the different safety measures and the corrections that they've taken to ensure that safe and effective ok can pick up on that. yeah, so i think a lot of the sphere comes from the fact that they emanate axes, for example, is a new platform that has not been approved for any other infectious diseases. yet.

however, there is very little to fear about any of these facts. and as i mentioned, the safety is number one and the woods are through there are trying, are people really paying attention to what kind of side effect they might have or what kind of adverse events that these volunteers that are taking the vaccine my suffer from and so far we have seen no concern nost of your concerns from any of these vaccines. and secondly, the eminent vaccine, essentially what we're doing is we're just sort of telling the cells to make the virus protein that otherwise you would name it, you would make up on exposures of the virus. so sort of giving us a leg up 1st to produce our antibody before being exposed to the virus, gives us the ability to block and neutralize and really help us from getting severe diseases. so i think, i mean,

i would be the 1st one to line up to get the vaccine if any of these things are approved. so i asked him, which one, which he pick, which one would he choose? i'm tempted to do that 95 percent one efficacy, which one would you pick? if you had a choice? like i said, it's no complicated. depends on availability or should it be me that goes 1st, it'll be other people, but be that receive the vaccine for us. so we're sure would i take that step that was to keep her because she i could go is very confident about this. yes, let's, let's look at her for the hard question again. which one i would take any one of them because i, like i said, they're all thin. so far and safety concerns are, are not there and efficacy is pretty great for them. and 9594.590 percent, these numbers might change as we test more and more people,

but they're going to hover around that range. so i don't think there is intrinsically anything that different about the efficacy of these 3 x. means. let me go to it for him. if we have missed it, but he has 2 questions for you, so we'll go straight to him and be great team if you could answer his questions, he would get i missed all those things wrong. getting a new business model is really our physical problems over the ocean of agriculture, but a lot of the rivers here, one of our viewers is there. the organization here is rather easier to do just then let's go with that 2nd point

1st. are there any african or developing countries who are nightly to get the vaccine 1st? krisna, you pick that one? well, i do think we are going to see more equitable distribution once. and some of these candidates become available in a more formal way. every game is exactly right in that we have a core history around the world of ensuring equity in the way that we develop, evaluate, and then make available different innovations around the world. i think there have been attempts and new forms of art or ships related to coba, but also in ensuring that the way that the trials have been conducted include the diverse populations. and i'm hopeful though, i think it may be a bit of time before all countries get access to this vaccine when it's available

that at least will start to see some distribution early on. and hopefully early in 2021 is when we start to see distribution, not just in high income countries, but also in low and middle income countries. and in the 2nd question he added keep them going to give you this one. if you take the vaccine does not mean that you can't get coverage 19. so how the facts scenes are evaluated is such that they are looking for people who are either in a placebo versus the vaccine arm in getting symptomatic infection. so symptom symptomatic, plus the virus positive where the, whether you will be completely protected from ever getting infected or not, is not what they're looking for. and so it's possible that even the vaccinated you could get infection, but that does not lead to symptoms or severe disease. so all to many what we want to do is to protect as many people as possible from getting sick from this

infection. and that's the goal of these facts, things. thank you for answering the questions. it was like as a spin around of questions, really appreciate that. we've learned a lot and speaking of learning a lot, i want to remind you, i was lucky on my laptop, the 2 occasions that we asked dr. ahmed twats to be on asho. the 1st time was coronavirus. how can we protect our health care heroes?, that was in march, you know, every was banging their pots and pans in the u.k., and then the 2nd time was in may when we were just really worried about how are you doing, how are you managing? because the cases for corona virus had not necessarily dropped around the world, what have we learned on it in all of these months since then when you were on the front lines as one paycheck that you can actually see your mask, the marks of a mask on your face while you were doing this stream share,

what would you say is the most important lesson that we've learned or you've learned, or your colleagues have learned in the past 8 months or so? i think in terms of the actual disease, we've been able to learn how to pick up the symptoms quite quite quickly. whereas before, people come in with like the difficulty in breathing when really sure what's going on. but now we can just pick up without having to wait for the actual code that result to come back. you can kind of see the pattern that's developed to be like, yep, that one's code. that one isn't. and then i think for us, what's really important is to know when to start treatment and it's always start treatment early. that's it. with other diseases. sometimes you kind of like, you know, you can wait it out a bit more. but with code, it is always start treatment early, and we also know the complications and for us to know how to make it stop the spread, that's probably, i think, i guess is that towards actually improving how we deal with this pandemic. if we're able to stop the spread, less people are infected, whether that's preventative medicine through vaccines,

by the moment this moment time, we don't have a bison to use that, we have to look at other ways to stop the spread. and now we're seeing maybe 2nd, perhaps 30 wells, and angry thi, northern hemisphere going into winter time. it seems like the cases what advice would you give us as a global community, knowing what you know about dealing with because it 90 what is the same as what we were we've been saying for the past year. i guess it's that this disease is real. it's affecting people, so you need to try to prevent as much as you can if you need to go out where the face mask like where there is no reason for you to not wear the face mask. there don't change your studies or so it doesn't actually cause suffocation. you can wear and breathe normally. so if it's things like that and you know, if you don't have to go out, don't go out like you don't need to my precious office or risk contaminated others . but that's,

i guess for us is the best way to understand. and if you have symptoms stay at home like i did don't risk, it might just be the cold might just be the flu. it might be nothing that you have an aco that but why risk it is their home and protect those around you? i want to see them bring well, more person into our conversation. this is clear and clear points out. the fact that we've been talking about vaccines for a big chunk of this show doesn't mean that covert 19 will disappear. yes. although over the past, the research in some excellent news about more than one vaccines being over 90 percent effective against sars kovi to this is not sufficient to halt the spread of the disease immediately. backs in asia can only move at the same pace as manufacturing. they were simply don't have enough capacity to produce doses for the entire adult population within 2021. we also do not know if the vaccine is effective at stopping the transmission of the disease. finally, immunity is built over the course of about 6 weeks, from the 1st, those of the vaccine. this means that it does not matter so much when the 1st

person is vaccinated by rather when the last person is vaccinated and has been unity until then will have to have some control measures in place. were christian, not such a good point. you pointed out how many billions of doses and already been purchased of various vaccines. but in terms of human behavior, what difference will these vaccines make in the next 6 months or so? what would 2021 going to look like? yeah, i think clear was exactly right and i'd say 2021 will be better than 2020, but that's a pretty low bar. we will not return to normal in the next year or 2 years. and you're right, vaccines are not going to be the silver bullet that gets us out of this pandemic in the next 6 to 12 months. even if we produced hands of billions of the summit was saying what we've learned is how to be functional as a society without a vaccine. and countries like new zealand,

like taiwan and others have shown us that it feasible to be close to normal. if you take appropriate uggla, kelp measures and we've also seen in parts of europe and the us that this can be a horrible disease that an individual and a population level. if we don't do those things. while i'm optimistic about that scene development over the coming years, i'm also very scared for what we're going to go through over the coming winter. i've just spent the last 2 weeks in the hospital every day taking care of patients . and as i meant that this is very real and we need to take it very seriously, and we can't become complacent just because there may be light at the end of the tunnel. i want to leave everybody just as a reminder, because you can create how to talking about saxon's, but i want to be foolish to be quick. 80, he is really too too honored to sing, or a couple of months spent. he's got his thing on his young whole concrete image

for those worst affected the road back to full health can be a long one. a huge survived a month in an induced coma and 17 days on ventilation machines kept him alone live . as his body ceased to function, just to see quite a while just looking out, it was just to commit a complete if you was real decision to go to notice you today. we're not out of the woods yet, but thank you so much. and krishna and akiko, for getting us up to date, what we know, what should we expect from vaccines and all of the questions you cheap as excellent questions as always. and we will continue to do updates and bring you news about covered 19 in vaccines as we waste in here on the stream. but for now, i'm signing off from the home edition studio because coverage 19. and i will see you next time. thanks for watching everybody.

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