branded benaud mask for its small size and poor quality the government was also accused of responding late to the outbreak to try to save the 2020 tokyo olympics which got postponed anyway or going to just last of course i understand the economy's in trouble but if the government measures and effective against the virus then even holding the olympics next year will be difficult i hope the government can get it together with the postponement of the games the olympic rings floating in tokyo bay where unceremoniously towed away but those rings have now been returned to public view raising hopes the ill fated games will eventually be held if they are it will be thanks in no small part to the humble mask and the nationwide willingness to mask up rob mcbride al jazeera.

they are and these are the headlines u.s. attorney general william barr says the justice department has found no evidence of widespread voter fraud in last month's election in response president trump's legal teams accuse the justice department of failing to do enough to investigate its allegations more from alan fischer in washington before the election bill barr was saying that voter fraud could well be caused by mail in ballots but now he's saying look we've looked at this and there's nor widespread evidence of voter fraud that goes completely against what the president has been seeing even in the last couple of hours if you tweet or you know more people who are suggesting that there is widespread voter fraud in the election was stolen from donald trump you'll remember just a couple of weeks ago the man who was the head of the cyber security unit for the election said this was the most secure election in american history donald trump said yeah that was because of my administration but still stolen from us and by the way you're fired. a panel from the u.s.

centers for disease control is recommending front line workers and nursing home residents should get the coronavirus vaccination 1st it is the state's there and other local authorities who will eventually decide on that issue brazil's unveiled its plan for vaccinating nearly $110000000.00 people which is more than half the population indigenous people health workers and those aged $75.00 above will be top of the list prominent pro-democracy activists are due to be sentenced in hong kong after pleading guilty to unlawful assembly during last year's protests joshua was taken into custody last month along with 2 other campaigners they could face up to 3 years in jail and israel's alternate prime minister and our defense minister benny gantz says his party will back an opposition bill in favor of dissolving parliament it is a move that could force israel's 4th parliamentary election and less than 2 years you are up to date with the headlines on al-jazeera the stream is next.

we realistically how can you do it institutionalize corruption in this country if we listen if this breaks up into a conflict between pakistan and india this has implications for the rest of the world we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that matter from al-jazeera. i hear me ok welcome to history jamie talking about extreme. climate change and i'm sure you've seen reporters on this network and elsewhere to keep out. the conditions and never be sure we'll see a little let me remind you of the conditions like this let me remind you of a couple of things i peeked my interest as well. record breaking battle not yet over against the locust invasions in east africa and in

another extreme weather story linked to climate change and one of the california fires the west in us feeling is there as well the reason we're talking about these tips is because the 2020 states of climates have a season is a report that is out by the world mr logical organization talking about climate change connected to how we can better put pay so extreme weather because of climate change i know you have questions i know you have thoughts this is why we have you can jump into the comment section and be part of today's show since the west. hello hello good morning everyone it is indeed tuesday you can chuck away the big codes today we have a blast of miles moving towards us keep the freeze hold her spray how do you know it's going to be pretty windy but the storm is just flirting with us my darling this cold air returns then over the next couple of days of course we all love the finer details and you can get out by demo to the b.b.c.

weather are they safe. because we can't have a weather show without talking about the weather with the forecast by the way is not the full constant you say if it is tuesday where you live that is not a forecast that was prerecorded earlier and we say hello to the guests you just saw i want to introduce yourself to the global audience. i phone me thank you so much for having me it's great to be here and also found telling us about what it will cost you a very important to go. alignment avenue you work as a wedding present for the b.b.c. a big part of what i do as well as being a can you be where the president is kind of trying to make the weather a bit different i suppose a bit more engaging as far as the younger audience to the concert like a clip you just saw of that so we're going to try and communication where there's a big. looking forward to hearing more about that hello salai tell everybody he won't eat. however and i'm selling pot ephron genius science in wellington new

zealand and i conduct research on how people respond so warnings from different heads including with the warnings welcome and nice to have to tell everybody he's eating great good morning america i mean thank you sir for the welcome and good morning to colleagues so money was all gone what i needed beauty director general of the pacific community which is a science and development organization based here in fiji right in the heart of the pacific. can i start recently that may be controversial gas or not is i think most people and yes that pilots sailors extreme gardeners or farmers have no idea what the weather forecast means and they're just looking out for the icon summary at the end. rone sally. i think to some some degree. i think people have their own 3 shelves in their mind as well as to what

what they're with the mainstream so if i get a forecast for a 100 club there are wind gusts and wellington new zealand i know that's not really going to search me very much whereas if i just got todo in terms of where and impacts i might find at least are supposed to personalize it to me so there's lots of challenges and with a you should include the hess's as a wind gust and space for the witting out texas style. oh i knew nothing guy had. yeah i mean everything that sally said that you know i agree with i think that if it's relative almost you know the weather depending on where you are most happening in the forecast because if you do in a focus let's say the whole of the u.k. the weather varies hugely across different parts of the united kingdom and i think that now we know a lot of people say i mean you know we'll just pick up the phone and you know we'll have a look at the we'll see what company is out all you need well i still think that

there's a lot of value to being a person into the mix somebody who can tell you a bit more about the structure of why the full cost is presenting itself in the way you and you know things have moved on the weather forecast isn't what it once was i think that we have got the technology so much better now so for a science communicator or a meteorologist to be able to give that a bit of extra value i think about is where video based for coffee kind of come into their own. i want to play you audrey sheryl nelson has a book cost me choice and do you think about what she had to share with us a little bit and he she is. when communicating weather events to the public you really want to make sure you start with the who what when where and why it really goes back to basics because the viewer wants to know how is the weather going to affect me how is it going to affect my family what are the impacts going

to be why should i care those are also important to talk about and get that information out there it's also crucial to tell the facts stay calm and make sure you're not hyping the situation because all hyping is going to do is cause fear and confusion and that's not going to help get the weather story across. can multiple. you get a message. that's such an important message and. let me just put a little bit of context around the region that we that we live in and. the reality is for us is there whether events are a common some nominal so the pacific and the majority the countries in this region are really high on the risk register for both sites on tsunamis and so forth and when we're talking about communicating with or against a community the language is as colleagues on the show who are shared as it is really critical and the majority it out she never sees in this region live on the

coast probably 90 percent of our communities live not too far from an ocean or a river and so forth so the reality is that when we're communicating events of so forth the language becomes an incredibly important and it's not just really i think what the weather is going to be like what it is that we can expect but for this community in this region we really are starting to talk a lot more about what the weather will do to us what's the impact of that is going to have on our communities and our lives so descriptions are a sort of no offense to all wayne and others but descriptions around what the weather is doing is really not good enough any longer and we really need to start to take. the lead which that is actionable that is about impact that is about how do we scribe who lives on these coasts and that's really last region of the notion that you really do need to move back up shift your animals pick up the chickens and

your r. and run for life income rather learn to describe what with it looks like and what it may eventually be like when it hits your shores it's really about actionable information for decision making for many opportunities in this region. yeah i think it was really interesting hearing the origin of the weather in your region is so widely different to what it's like here in the u.k. but on a similar as far as tone is concerned with a focus or really an earlier only from buoyant and does it mean you know that there's a calm presentation style but one thing that i've noticed over the past few years is that what i've drawn that i know a lot of where the percentage of drop now is any kind of tone of celebration when we get to prolonged spell of hot weather you know like a heatwave because that is absolutely no reason to celebrate a mirage you know even 5 years ago you know maybe people watching this now were

thinking oh yeah actually if we got sun warm weather that's a reason to celebrate i think people are a lot more clued up now on what's happening with the climate and therefore that language is kind of gone so it's all about tone as well and. specially when we're talking about warnings which i know the new you both are probably more well versed it is our severe weather is concerned than i am. let me just bring in the eugene is coming to join are there with their watching 03 of you enjoying the conversation so eric the inventor says i love how that full cost is and where the present is doing a percentage chance of rain just to give us some hope oh i know why do you do that i know why do you do that. yes i mean nothing great question and one of those things that in the past i've kind of told what is it what 20 percent chance of rain look like you know. that i'm going to need

a rain coat and that mean i can just risk it and. you know yeah weather forecasts have gotten much much more technical and much more detailed you know than what they were even a couple of years ago for me as you know. but yes it is what it is it's a there is a chance that this will happen because often if you have rain coming in then the likelihood of it affecting you well you've seen rain is higher than if they stay showers in the forecast and you know this isn't a crystal ball this is still data driven that is pretty community so i guess about why we need. so i love and i said that because. you don't 2nd guess. since i was just going to react to john's comment and i think you're right the science absolutely critical. but one of the things that we've learned in this region in particular is that science engineering practice particularly messaging is really important we are used in

a science you know that is that is part of the. that we need to translate that into language into action language that that i think probably that if that's the way our lives and it's a behavioral saying so this is something that we've been exploring and practicing in this region a lot better in recent times. this is in the dow and china dell i'm told is in amman jordan and he was commenting on an unusual weather event which brought snow to amman jordan and it a while ago again this is not current weather everybody said don't panic if you watch in jordan right now this is what amman had to say about his forecasts. all over. my opinion is that we can no longer trust these channels or weather forecast over the past 2 days we have been on guard and we stay home but i don't see any road closures or any other issues everything seems normal previous knows that they did not announce ahead of time or worse than this. study says he's the issue the

weather is not an exact science it is a science but it's not an exact science also so things can happen in the forecast and when in doubt whether or with a happens to you but does the public appreciate it. yes it's a very much an interesting question because the. demand the reason lucian that the with the model and you get down to it the states you can't forecast for extremely localized with and impacts and so when you get your region gets a warning and might actually just be for the mountains nearby or for you know the next area or are not yet and so this one in but you would personally and to actually a see last and so therefore you might say that they also are and so it's a pretty tricky am challenge for the way the forecast is and that includes that extends to where the impacts a given communicated as well so if you say the impacts of this is going to be

a you know flooding on the streets and that kind of thing and might be for the next area over the hills not for your particular area and so it's an ongoing challenge that is full classes have to face that the science is improving and and this is why they put those uncertainties in as well just pretty important that means people can take that into account when they're looking at one of these forecasts. i'm just going to give you a little bit of a behind the scenes of want sally was saying about morton. many many years ago that you had to be really good at mathematics to do a full comp because you have to do some specific trait you have to do math and adding up an output all sorts of things to make the weather actually work and then you use that math to then do the full cost you know story now we have computed and the computers will put all of that they together they clinch it and they will tell you what the full comfortable 88 probably more accurate than somebody with

a pencil and paper doing not for comp but it can change quite a great oh and did i get that right oh and i cannot write. solidify i mean yes indeed and you know we get several runs of the weather mogul every day because it's always kind of crunching the tank and trying to see me how we how we can improve itself and obviously most of the time the close to me get to the to the event to the time in question. back to the d. day live on a sally said just now you know the resolution of these more goes until the weather data is really good now but to go back to the video message that we just sold which is about snow. is not a region that i focused bowl but snow is also you know really hard to forecast come up not me at the y. the presenter saying hey we got it wrong so really it is what it is you know snow come be a tricky thing to kolkata so i think people. are in the big because it

makes no secret of course because well if you haven't you know here in the u.k. for example a few years ago we had something called the beast from the east which was a storm which came in in mexico that on the close and she was to have to. in order to get you know a lot of heavy snowfall here in u.k. it's cold that mixed with some kind of precipitation you know rain no pressure weather front. i mean you get to know but the boundaries of where those things meet and where the temperature contrast. are tiny and. that can have a good impact on whether or not a person is going to know as well about it so that one of the reasons why you know we go up walk up. i'm going to take you from the u.k. to this is just a stand and he's making the connection between those every day for cars the full cost that a line is stealing and then feet to plummet change on those every day forecast. so people see climate change impacts as far off or distant but they're really not

we're already seeing huge waves we're seeing rain bombs here in hawaii this is where weather communicators can really help using terms like unseasonably warm or unusual rainfall unfortunately makes them look like an anomaly rather than part of a broader climate pattern picture so we're looking in a rearview mirror at what's happened in the past rather than looking out the front window at the climate projections and how those weather patterns fit into that so predicting weather day to day can be really hard but putting individual weather events into the larger climate story isn't and we've got to get that right then he getting that right. so this is this is such a critical issue and. the point that previously just maine is this is a big deal i think search for our region we are on climate change just as a significant issue for the pacific we'll say next costs are significant sea level

rise rest in the impact of peace and diseases we are sane communities been impacted . along coasts and so forth and. as as i was talking earlier i was thinking of a really interesting example that happened recently here and you are 16 we have a category 5 cycle and it's the country of one washer and corals and schools we knew it was coming because our with us all classes were able to tell us that a cycle was coming. loss of life significant damage it was it was a really major event for the region what was really interesting is that there were waves that came off that site clone just another country 1800 miles away huge tidal surges which again devastated that particular country it was the country of tuvalu and no idea on a bright sunny day the impact of this particular cycle here's another country and so whether impact forecasting i think plays a huge role of course in the pacific because it's these kinds of vents that we need

to understand better and have course misadjusted communities and in and a timely fashion so that we're able to to create actionable misses just for communities and it's it just for me it was a really prime example that we can do weather forecasting really well ritchie chan and dissipate the impact of particular weather events if we don't have the tools and other scientific innovations that help us mitigate the types of risks that we haven't anticipated. i guess i'm going to just jump in and yes go ahead do you jiggle weight egypt stand by guys. i was just going to say that this climate change issue is going to be quite interesting when we bring out never warnings because the models that we need groups need to be adaptable and they need to be able to take climate change into account we know that the end of cycles and hurricanes is increasing with climate change and so sad as it helps those you know

we made a pledge earlier that we were going to use a language everybody knew so sometimes if you in the world that you don't have a cycle and cycling but you do have hurricanes you don't realize that aside time in how can i exactly design things that big 2 can still stretch intense once can carry on because because we made a plan to ice everyone it was going to understand it's one of the sation. you know standing by. so tight variance inside bones in her hands or the same thing that's right so they're all getting more and. temperature increases around the world and so yeah we have to understand not only how it makes your logical models a guy and me and her saying i'm an addict going to us over time but also how exposure and vulnerabilities and capacities are going to be changing at risk because of climate change. all right so this is blazing stars he was hanging out in u 2 plays in star says isn't climate change just the weather so who wants to volunteer to in a one sentence explain the difference between climate and weather. oh i thank you

for the lynne cheney klein. well i meant. the along with picture if you like or if you were to get you know a chunk of information spread dates out over the i would say that is climate was weather is what is happening now short term and this is why you know where the full costs look at the here and now and how it's going to affect you over the next couple of weeks and we do have a long term forecast coal which tend to be a bit less suck us poorly because it's so far off the climate you're looking over a much longer kind of scale essentially would you 2 agree that the years right. mean the impact of climate change in this region obviously is much more than whether. as we are a region of course that is at the front line of climate so it's not only ocean sea

that will rise and so forth but a really interesting example in this region is of course ocean warming and you know we developed countries about reducing greenhouse gases and so forth and a direct livelihood impact of course with the oceans one for us of course is the devastation about carla now biodiversity in the oceans but also our livelihood such as fish rates you know we've seen a huge impact on our. and our economies where but the oceans warming officials starting to move to where they are away from traditional fishing sites and making it harder for people to of course manage livelihoods and so forth so. much milder weather and in a general sense yeah yeah yeah i agree maybe i just did the distinction between weather and climate as opposed to weather and climate change which actually brought a question mark and yeah climate change you know as you said awdrey is so much more than just weather i mean weather is a tiny facet of what it will affect. so let me move on a little bit move

a restart of this conversation because the well meter logic organization which is part of the united nations they put out this 2020 states of mine that report and so lower patterson is from the world meteorological organization the w m a n always talking about this idea of having better early warning systems for our extreme weather and this is what she wanted to show us how to listen. weather and climate disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity as a result of climate change and it's often vulnerable communities that are much disproportionately affected. the to be almost 2025 it's actually support highlights that despite this only one in 3 people globally are covered by our anyone. systems and there's a global insufficient capacity to translate any warning into any action and to support this that every move recommends moving towards an impact based marketing approach which is not forecasting just what the weather will be but forecasting

what the weather will do to help action to be taken on the ground to prevent the worst impact of this event. i had. as. well as something that in this region we are doing a lot of work around we use in multiple different ways of science and technology from oceanic oceanographic tools such as always wave modeling tide gauges and so forth including drones that that melanson helped us on to mention around coastal inundation and so forth so the combination of a range of technologies helping us get better and summations better data that allows us to him to translate that information in a more customized way that we can then transfer that information to communities who then can make decisions about their own livelihoods about their own safety about the risks that potentially is coming and so. impact based forecasting this is

absolutely critical and i think if we get it right in this region where we've got 30 percent of the world's ocean that we are navigating and protecting and keeping safe but we definitely don't have the meteorological information that we so desperately need to predict lights in this region oh and i feel that you kind of live by impact based forecasting already. yes so we get weather warnings here in the u.k. from the met office and they go from yellow red disk and yet the impact on the likelihood of the 2 things that are looked out on the impact matrix if you like and you know i think that it's obviously very important because we do get the city a types of weather at different times of year around the u.k. in different ways and i think the people listen to the warnings you know femi i think that people get to the weather warnings and what they mean and it's our job

is communicate this to delve into a bit more detail and you know people know that if there's a red warning you know the ducks going to affect people in in sivia ways not to potentially be a risk to life. thank you so much sally in. talking weather with our international audience who really appreciate you are now using it to whether we're also talking about extreme weather events how they are linked to climate change and how we can better put all of that in the conversation in wrapping up here on the screen but i am taking it to instagram thank you guests thank you to see it's. december on al-jazeera it's 10 years since of revolution in tunisia ignited the arab spring al-jazeera looks back at the uprising and asks what really changed across the middle east the stream is where al jazeera has global audience becomes

a global community a year after the 1st coronavirus case in china will examine the devastation caused by the virus and the efforts made to eliminate covert 90 people in power is back with more investigative documentaries and in-depth stories climate leaders will gather online to press ahead with a new stage of the paris climate agreement and examine the possible global solutions december on al-jazeera. dissecting the headlines in the midst of a pandemic let's start with some of the on the ground realities affecting the news coverage what's the lay of the land the challenging assumptions and the official line the listening post on out is there. captaining a leading used team at 16 years old takes determination. to that staying on top of your game at school. the whole family bands together and shares the

sacrifices necessary for a son to have a shot at becoming a professional footballer. tunisia only gave ahmed just. the u.s. attorney general says there's no evidence of widespread election fraud while anger grows among election officials over threats to staff. it has to stop. mr president. you would not condemn these actions with this language.

all over and i'm come on santa maria here in doha this is the world news from al-jazeera 3 prominent hong kong pro-democracy activists face time in prison.