2020 full. to this group so he with us hello adrian for going to hear the headlines on i was there the world's 1st fully trials corona virus vaccine is being rolled out in the u.k. 800000 doses of pfizer bio intakes vaccine are now available in 70 hospitals elderly people and health workers being prioritise the oxford astra zeneca corona virus vaccine has been found to be safe and effective for the 1st peer review of its phase 3 trials the lancet medical journal found the vaccine to be on average about 70 percent effective but that can increase up to 90 percent depending on the doses. i think both parents roof it because it's free and it's the best thing that's ever happened and the moment you please go for it that's

the only thing you know. if i can do. it so can you iran has approved a bill suspending the un's unrestricted inspections of its nuclear facilities the parliament approved it last week but president hassan rouhani who opposes it refused to sign it into law the speaker of parliament has ordered its implementation in the next 2 months ethiopia's government says there is still fighting forces from the t. great people's liberation front federal troops captured the region's capital mckellar last week aid agencies say the area is too volatile to distribute humanitarian assistance will that a 1000000 people into grey thoughts have been displaced. turkey has warned east libyan forces of quote grave consequences to one of its cargo ships was intercepted in the mediterranean it was stopped by forces loyal to warlord honey for hafta the turkish foreign minister is demanding that the vessel be allowed to continue its journey to western libya turkey is the main backer of the internationally

recognized government of national cooled china has condemned new u.s. sanctions against officials involved in the crackdown in a home calm at least 8 more opposition activists have been arrested they're accused of taking part in a band protest rally in july several former politicians are among those arrested a nationwide strike by farmers is under way in india transport workers and teachers unions supporting the strike against new farm laws tens of thousands of farmers have been camped outside india's capital new delhi for almost 2 weeks now they've been blocking major highways in protest against the war zone porteous is the headlines when you see here on of 0 after today's edition of inside story next.

rolling out a coronavirus vaccine the u.k. is the 1st western country to administer shots against gold at 19 as the rest of the world is watching could this be the start of the pandemic coming under control and will skeptics be persuaded to take the vaccine this is inside story. hello and welcome to the program. it's hoped there the beginning of the end of the pandemic but public anxiety over the safety of coronavirus vaccines could undermine that goal all eyes are now on how the western world's 1st coronavirus masson

occupation program will work out in the u.k. the nation has started rolling out the 1st doses of pfizer biotech's vaccine against coburn 1990 year old margaret keenan was the 1st person to receive the jap the elderly care home workers and health care staff have been prioritized to receive the 800000 shots now available need varchar reports from london. it is happening a turning point in the global fight against a virus that's killed more than a 1000000 people around the world 90 year old grandmother margaret keenan made history becoming the 1st person to be vaccinated with the pfizer by and take drugs outside the trial she encourage others to follow her lead over it because it's free and it's the best thing that's ever happened and the moment you do please go for it in a somewhat dramatic turn the 2nd vaccine went to a man called william shakespeare a poetic star perhaps to

a new chapter in the fight against corona virus more than half of the people who've died of the virus in the u.k. are over 80 they're getting the injection 1st along with the elderly in care homes and their carers unused doses are going to frontline medical staff the british government's call this a v. for vaccine day but the prime minister warned it's too early to call this a v. for victory in scotland and wales in england people are having the vaccine for the 1st time and it will gradually make a huge huge difference but i stress gradually because you know we're not. yet we haven't defeated this virus yet bunches of the pfizer biotech drug approved for use in the u.k. last week have been arriving from pfizer's factory in belgium the logistical challenge has been immense the vaccine he speaks to the around minus 70 degree celsius in england dozens of hospitals with facilities to store the super chill

drug or the 1st places to administer it scotland wales and northern ireland have also begun similar programs the government sorted 40000000 doses so far and initial 800000 will be available in the 1st round of treatment this week capable of inoculating 400000 people with 2 injections 21 days apart we've shuttered our economies and struggle 3 months of. grief and anxiety lives have been cut short and elderly people separated from their loved ones we've known for some time that the only sure fire way out of this pandemic is a vaccine and now a shred of hope the 1000000 not too distant future things might start returning to normal its hope so full 1000000 people will be back soon 80 before the end of the year when boxes of the vaccine that come in packs of almost a 1000 doses will be split up and sent to doc to surgeries and can homes around the country the vaccine can be stored at normal fridge temperature but only for

a short period it's a day of mixed emotions joy and hesitation most vulnerable people won't get the vaccine until next year but with infection rates going up here in london and elsewhere restrictions may have to get time to before they get easier. but it is only a matter of months since scientists set their minds on defeating this common enemy a process that normally takes many years and now against all odds a sense of the long march out of the pandemic that's become. the inside story. other countries have announced plans to roll out vaccines russia began injecting doctors teachers and social workers with that sputnik the vaccine over the weekend china is an ocular adding more than a 1000000000 people with one of its experimental vaccines the u.s. could grant emergency authorization to a pfizer candidate by the end of the week and start delivering to states immediately the e.u.

is reviewing pfizer vaccine safety and could authorize it before the end of the month south korea's announced it's secured enough doses to cover 84 percent of its population but it won't start rolling them out until other countries programs have been monitored for a few months. all right let's bring in our guests in london we have anna blakeney research fellow and bio engineer at imperial college london where she worked on covert 1000 vaccine development as edina but i hear me as professor of medical biotechnology at mohammed 50 university of a halt he joins us from control in morocco stereo's moss horse is a molecular virologist at northumbria university and he joins us from new castle in the united kingdom welcome to each of you and let me start with you with this rollout in britain how big a step is now being taken to control the pandemic and can we say that this is now with the beginning of the end of covert 19. yes it is definitely the

beginning of the and hopefully but one thing we all have to remember is that it's not over quite yet so we still have to keep the same public health measures in place you know social distancing and wearing a mask and washing our hands of as well as the rapid testing to be able to continue to control control this rat until the vaccine is fully rolled out as a team from your perspective how much as far as what happens with the rollout of the vaccine in britain is going to impact the actions of other governments and other countries going forward. well actually i'm very excited that it stopped in finally finally it's starting in britain and i think we are waiting for the if they for many months now and i think it's a huge success thoughts for one country but humanity i think to be able in one year almost be able actually to have a vaccine and starts rolling people is great but i think as you said some wonder

they think it's very interesting that every country should what's happened in other countries just talk to gain from their experience and absolutely try and to do what's in their contestant i think for africa and for morocco it's quite different from other countries but i think we'll be able to benefit from what's happening in england in britain in general to to manage to do with differently depending on the context where we are the city oh so it looked like you wanted to get up there and i saw you nodding along somewhat as the dean was saying but i also want to ask you if we can just take a step back for a moment and consider what as a dean was saying which is how remarkable it is that you know in less than a year you know scientists were able to come together and produce a vaccine i mean this is something that's unprecedented in the development of vaccines in this modern world of ours isn't it. it is very much so that he sunk us

the stops from those scientists in china that identified the virus showed the genome of the virus online straight away as soon as possible notified everybody they could notify and then to find your house to continue on external to the viral interest that started looking into what this means the faxing scientists thought within a couple of weeks of us thought it designing well the new vaccine is going to be the pharmaceutical companies we got together so we're not going to do this for profit we're going to do this for the world when the situation clearly was getting out of hand and of course we must not forget those people who signed up with us trials for bright new vaccine technology with a cost to the pfizer biotech. but also those recent of the trials knowing that they might get a placebo that may not be proposed to protect it so there's a lot of fine cues we will need to be giving out that not just to the health care professionals but the most of the technologists and also the other scientists stuff come together to resolve this global crisis and britain of course has been

repeatedly criticized for having botched its response to covert 19 do you believe that the country is actually going to be able to effectively roll out this vaccine and to vaccinate tens of millions of people in a matter of months. so i think what's really important right now is just the overall communication strategies i think scientists all year have been really excited that we've been able to rapidly make a vaccine but now i think it really the responsibility falls on us and the government to actually really educate people about what is this vaccine you know how is it developed how was it tested just so that we could really start to promote confidence in the vaccine obviously because you know there's no point in making a vaccine if nobody's going to take it so i think we're actually kind of just beginning the 2nd challenge of really doing kind of a mass campaign for education around the vaccine was it then let's expand on what

anna was saying i mean she's touching on a point which is coming up again and again when it comes to kovan 1000 vaccines and that's a vaccine hesitancy from your point of view how much of an impediment will this be in trying to effectively in the late a growing number of people in so many countries. while i agree completely with anna what was she as she said i think the the word and the key word here is trust i think if we want to go to a mass vaccination we have to get it and gain the trust of the population and educate them and make really an effort as a scientist to communicate clearly clearly with these people to engage the community is to have them to vaccinate and i think it's something that is a really not that easy to to do because. that and talking now and thinking about our big country will be have to use really a scientific language to do that and i think it's very tough to do with and to combust people but i think it's a very nice challenge to have simply because we are not looking at the short term

for corporate but i think the course covered because maybe we'll have more and more crisis like that unfortunately and i think we should be really there in the scientists should be really communicating transparency and engaging the community to push them to be enroll in in this kind of effort is serious when we talk about you know the anti vax or movement when we talk about vaccine hesitancy we should remind our audience that we're not just talking about opposition to covert 19 vaccines we're talking about opposition to all vaccines and in recent years in many countries there has been a resurgence of diseases like measles missiles that were long thought to have been eliminated how concerned are you that this movement is going to keep growing and you know if we can pick up on the point that as dean was making what can governments and leaders and scientists do to combat this.

ok so the the history of anti foxes if you like goes to the face of it with jenna who came up with the idea of fox nation it's not nothing new what is new is the presence of people who refused to take boxes from no preventable this exists when there are still people walking around who remember. the artificial lungs those buses machines that people have to literally sit in to to you know to protect themselves. from dying because there was no other way to keep them alive after getting one of these communicable diseases that are easy to prevent these things that have happened within the lifetimes of people who are alive today perhaps not the younger generations obviously but people who are on life and they can remember what it was to live without vaccination whether vaccination or not works i think that's very clear and we will see this again not with covert 19 now what about

the message well the message has never stopped being important since before all covered 19 because we were having the problems with measles for sergeant it was never eliminate it but it was certainly contained to an extent we didn't have to worry about it but now we seeing outbreaks occurrence and we're seeing outbreaks in countries but measles vaccination should be at the right kind of level to prevent this thing from happening this is a and entirely preventable disease kovan idea is very likely to add to the family of diseases that are going to be. preventable in the future but still around because somewhere between the reservoir boxes and i don't know else it allowed this to secular perhaps the next few months the slow adoption of the vaccine. we will see the facts and then he does he's becoming an attorney and as a result of that eventually it's very likely that this will become part of the

younger generation boxing for program has implemented in most countries but the challenge is the message the rulebook on how to convey the message was written 5 years ago we had a situation in western africa where people had never seen a ball up before. they didn't know what to you know vaccine education is all about think they're the health care systems involved literally straw huts with no windows like a low microsoft windows or something like that. they learned from their local community latest what they needed to do and they did it change their burial how best to change it every day behavior became vaccinated when necessary so let me talk in that rule book that we wrote and apply it to a society because we've seen it in the last 12 months we've got nothing different to that when it comes to hesitancy to disbelieve to conspiracy theories the same things that happened was that africa happened across the world so now we need to move forward educating these people and making sure the community and society is

protected as much as possible and if we're talking about obstacles you know in the path of people getting vaccinated on the one hand you have vaccine has a 10 c. which we were just speaking about the anti of action movement but then you have just the sheer logistics i mean that this is this is very difficult ensuring that you know these vaccines are actually distributed could you talk us through the logistics of it especially when it comes to you know pfizer's vaccine you know the extreme cold storage that it will take how difficult is this going to be. now so the storage is definitely a difficult aspect of it especially for the pfizer and beyond vaccine which needs to be stored at negative 80. but yeah so they i guess logistically for the shipping they're shipping it and dry ice packages which keep it at that temperature or it's in a file that contains multiple doses and so those all need to be administered within a certain amount of time but i think another you know really important challenge is

just organizing and finding the people that are going to be vaccinated 1st so the u.k. is lucky in that it has a centralized health care system and so everybody is identifiable in that way and that's obviously will be key in distributing it but yeah it's a it's a huge logistical challenge so you know the storage conditions of the vaccine make it challenging but some of the other candidates like madeira and the oxford and astra zeneca vaccines have slightly more amenable storage conditions which will hopefully make it easier in the future but it's going to take a lot of court nation between the government as well as local g.p.'s in the 1st instance as a dean of course is not just about getting vaccinated and distributing this vaccine is it i mean there is a large percentage of the population that needs to get vaccinated before you can sort of approaching herd immunity how long does something like that take and how much of the population needs to get in the ocular needed before that immunity can

take root. why i think i would come back just to the question about the largest 6 i think 4 countries and continents like africa the role of the ws choice various social actually for accreditation and give a commendation for this countries because absolutely we have different vaccines and a lot just sick of difference from one of axiom to another and they think that is what brought a crucial role for w.h.y. or for actually their immunity and how long it's going to take and to get to the herd immunity i think it's quite dysfunctional for any strategy actually for the 1st part of it since we've been passed and left the doors of the vaccines what's going to be very interesting is to protect this are vulnerable population actually the people who are over 65 years or that the people with chronic diseases we have to protect them and the priority will be given to them actually and the way to the with so if we can manage actually to protect the 20 percent of the population it

will be interesting that will have less and less stress and to the i.c.u. as into the hospitals and hopefully we can get less people dying so it's something very interesting so i think for the 1st part will be trying to protect this 20 percent maybe by jewelry or something like that will get more vaccine 2nd generation vaccines and they will be able to procure sex more people are open actually by that there's a 3rd semester to get actually to 30 percent 67 percent to 30 percent and this time we can talk about actually managing their the corvids pandemic so it's something that's going to take a little bit of times and it's going to go by 1st step protecting the vulnerable people and after that increasing the level of vaccination to get more people vaccinated and to the herd immunity stereo's if we're talking about herd immunity we're talking or we're assuming rather that there might be

a vaccine that would prevent ultimately transmission of coded one team not just the disease itself do we know at this stage if the vaccines that have been prevented that have been developed actually prevent transmission. frontally no we need to see the data and see what extent the individuals that have been vaccinated are actually shouting infectious virus and this is not being disclosed to the best of my knowledge not invite the other publicists to discuss any information that may have the importance here of however is the be we need to convey to the public every clear sober understanding that we cannot let our guard down go out and party not for christmas not full easter april time would you probably know even from late that we will have to put up with this social distancing on protection as ana put it

for many months to come if we are to get to the point where there is this. diverse protection and there's another aspect here it seems to have been forgotten over the last week there is this thing called lone cove it there are people out there who experience the disease in a generally mindful lot they are affected chronically and we still do not know what that means we're still lacking evidence us through where else in the body the virus might be hiding and what it's doing at the low time why because we simply haven't had more than if you get to see what's happening with people that get infected with corona virus so it's essential for the society and for the economy that we keep looking after us else our families our colleagues i'm not getting exposed as much as possible over the next period of time until since i was a boxing has received it's ready to work just a month after the 1st touch and i do we have any idea yet how long immunity

from any of the vaccines may last and beyond that what about those who've had covert or those who find that they have antibodies in their system do we know if it's safe for them to get the vaccine. yeah 2 really great questions and actually we've just gotten some big updates on this in the past week so journal published a paper on the duration of immunity from their vaccine and this is you know we're still learning more and more about this every single day really so their paper showed that after the 2nd vaccination the patients or participants in the trial still had high antibody titers after 3 months and if you look at the graph it clearly is going to continue for a while but at this point all they can say is that for at least 3 months this data is ongoing so we'll just continue to add to this knowledge and then there have actually been several arms of the clinical trials thus far looking at vaccinating people who have already had the natural infection so they may already have

antibodies to this and what they are really wondering is does the vaccine boost immunity to the natural infection and overall overall the answer is yes so even people that have already had copd it is still important to get vaccinated and the idea here is that you know the antibodies from a natural infection have been shown to last usually 3 to 6 months there's a lot of variability depending on your disease severity but by getting the vaccine you would just boost that immunity even longer so that's really the intention there . in your previous answer you mentioned more vulnerable segments of populations especially the elderly when it comes to the vaccine and when they were good vaccine i want to ask you about other vulnerable and marginalized communities in other parts of the world communities like refugees migrants the displaced is there any indication of when those populations might actually have access to a cold 1000 vaccine. white some great questions for him and i think it's

a you want to give him a human dimension to all this mass vaccination it's going to be already a pity that we will cover all the rich country and somehow poor countries and forgot this kind of people that they are living in a really a very bad situation but i hope i hope there is this program that is the program that is a really managed by. the world health organization and i think and hopefully i have to check out that but i think the reviews reassured to be included at the population that is a really vulnerable and it should be actually protected but i think it's a really something that we have to deal with it because as thinking about the core bits that are really as i said in the beginning is not just one country or one person or rich people or poor people or rich countries or poor countries who are in the same boat and i think we need to come out of this pandemic as

a whole as one nation some how well and they think it's great that you have this question and they don't think about it but they think it's something great to think but the refugees and their thinking bought lots of refugees in in europe in in africa in asia and we think about yemen for example there's lot of place we have to think of are we run out of times we're going to have to leave the conversation there thanks so much to all of our guests anna blakeney as dina brahimi and stereos most horse and thank you too for watching you can see the program again any time by visiting our website at 0 dot com and for further discussion go to our facebook page that's facebook dot com forward slash a.j. inside story you can also join the conversation on twitter our handle is at a.j. inside story for me my mage and drop in the whole team here bye for now.

december on al-jazeera it's 10 years since of revolution in tunisia ignited the arab spring al-jazeera looks back at the uprising and asks what really changed across the middle east this stream is where al jazeera has global audience becomes a global community a year after the 1st coronavirus case in china will examine the devastation caused by the virus and the efforts made to eliminate covert 90 people in power is back with more investigative documentaries and in-depth stories climate leaders will gather online to press ahead with a new stage of the paris climate agreement and examine the possible global

solutions december on al-jazeera. al-jazeera world tells the intriguing stories behind all classic songs from palestine and jordan social snapshots of different times and places from the british mandate to 950 s. jordan and the palestinian diaspora today musical expressions of the cultural identity and the yearning for the homeland that many of the forced from in the 1948 songs called the love of history on al-jazeera. that in america is a region of the wonder joys of tragedy and yet of violence but it doesn't matter where you are you have to be able to relate to the human condition common to see behind a pretty good ole ocean and not really know i think it's a life and it's my job to shed light on how and why. you don't lose the letter

of the of the things we have in their. if i have the right to join me richelle carey on up my guest from around the world take a hot seat and we debate the week's top stories in pressing issues here on our just year. 0. 0 i'm adrian for the good this is that he was a live from coming up in the next 60 minutes. 19 year old grandmother is the 1st person to get the files of bio and tech obit 19 vaccine that's the u.k. rolls out a nationwide immunization plan. the british government withdrawals contentious clauses of a draft bill the breaches its withdrawal agreement with the e.u. . a desperate journey.