no the 1000000 i'm about to look at them. have a look a look. at the. solos i'm going a little and the me with. the in. the . area in the news. the yard. oh i'm maryam namazie in london our main story this hour drug from johnson and johnson is expected to apply for emergency use authorization for its vaccine in the united states next week it says it singled out its job appears to be at least 66 percent effective in preventing covert 19 meanwhile the european union has approved astra zeneca job for all adults while it tussles with the company of

a delayed supplies after criticism of a slow rollout so mccain has more on this now from ballin. this is the astra zeneca vaccine in use available to british patients most at risk from covert since late last month and from now on officially so too for many e.u. citizens most at risk from the pandemic it's a real pleasure to be here and to announce the 3rd positive o. pinion for the authorize ation of the astra zeneca covert 19 vaccine this expand the range of vaccines available to e.u. and a member states which will all help to bring the pandemic under control and protect the citizens of the e.u. except that far fewer e.u. citizens will be able to receive the vaccine for the next few months after the company cut back what it could deliver to the block astra zeneca a british swedish firm blames production problems at some of its plants and said it

can only deliver fewer than half of the $80000000.00 doses promised the europeans have complained and decided to protect all vaccine stocks made on their territory as a commission because a lot of strictly targeted measures that will allow us to gather information about the production of vaccines and where manufacturers intend to ship them. as a measure it is time limited and specifically applies certains all scored 19 vaccines that were agreed to by advanced purchase agreements as a measure is intended to run until the end of march although on the face of it this measure could apply to pfizer by on tag more downer and astra zeneca it appears most targeted at astra zeneca the root of the disagreement between the 2 sides lies in the contract they agreed last year the company says it promised its best reasonable efforts to produce sufficient vaccine for the e.u. the europeans disagree saying the deal is binding to both they say the company

agreed to use its plants both in the e.u. and in britain in order to guarantee supply the europeans have also asked how astra zeneca can have insufficient product for the e.u. but still supply the british who are immunizing far more people than in the e.u. particularly since in the terms of this contract the company confirmed it had no other contractual obligation with any other party to prevent it fulfilling its obligations to the european union and while the round rages on the measures to deal with the pandemic are intensifying in places germany has announced that from saturday it will ban travel from several countries where covert mutations have been reported dominick came al-jazeera berlin. but your goal is extended its nationwide lockdown and tightened its border with spain as it grapples with the world's highest per capita death toll the state of emergency will be extended until feb

14th delaying the reopening of schools and businesses intensive care beds are running out and ambulances have been forced to queue outside hospitals meanwhile mozambique's president has warned the hospitals across southern africa are on this of a a strain this is doctors in zimbabwe it hit back at a government spokesman who suggested the deaths of several ruling party officials from the virus might have been the work of medical assassins with borders close many of the elite have been forced to use the country's public health system for the 1st time instead of traveling abroad and the united nations is saying more than 200000 people have fled violence in the central african republic in the past 2 months 92000 of crossed into the democratic republic of congo tens of thousands meanwhile displaced inside the country a coalition of armed groups have been trying to overturn december's presidential election as the headlines this hour ocean's monopoly is the program coming up next i'll have more news for you in about 25 minutes time and

then of course the news hour at $2100.00 g.m.t. as well. org. for millenia the oceans lay outside the dominion of man. as state's influence extended only 3 nautical miles from the coast a little further than a cannonball could travel but stand humans discovered the ocean floor. and 3rd largest land grab in won't history be kept and.

communities. on tom apply and i'm in the bedroom of rodeo should the north atlantic twice i've sold it twice in small yards and also trust in a bottle bug in the community. to meet with him when i lived on rockaway in this some people call a survival capsule i call it a wooden box it's

a house like this is my house this is a one man house i lived in it's a 40 day it did the job it kept the wood. for me i was warm and dry but don't forget i'm right at the top of the cliff it's just straight down to the city. hall mclean is one of the u.k.'s greatest adventure has he crossed the atlantic 5 times the 1st time in a globe and once in a vessel shaped like a beer bottle for his latest trip he sailed from newfoundland children in the smallest sailboat ever to cross the atlantic. and. soon mclean traveled to new york in a boat built to resemble a whale. but it was more than an adventure it. was a mission a mission done in service to mother england. somebody said about us

and killed and i'll go in there but so the rock or rock falls right there in the middle of the atlantic and there seems to be a dispute who owns it and i thought what if i be your 1st civilian to reside on rock call and that would help the case it wasn't quite so good the wind carried their safety line. they closed in without it. is very dangerous there now you can see how it is quite dangerous. they were far from ok after that momentary triumph then don't whack the big way down i go down there was 54 straight down into the foam flies helplessly into. the landing at 1985. told him to clean his knife. but he

eventually made it to safety and flew in london and getting to the top. it was only the beginning however great britain we wanted to claim the lockers and i learned but for that to happen international law stipulated that tom must remain there for $21.00 days or more when the boat turned to go home and leave me for the 1st time. i was glad to see them go i was on my adventure i'm here with iraq and the birds i'm happy to be here the chiefs are making history. and those who may challenge it brittania ruled these waves. for the u.k. it was about more than just claiming a lump of granite in the ocean the real objective was to secure the resource which a oh yeah oh around local the islet was to play a key lonely in british territorial claims.

the main players in british maritime claims work in an office on the south coast of india and. it's a fascinating area of work to do it it's there's not often somebody working in oceans signs that you do get the opportunity to mix both the legal on the technical aspects and see how they work together almost in order to develop something on behalf of the state. but we have the united kingdom to the east and as we further west we passed the rock all rock itself onto the lot. the land area of great britain and 240000 square kilometers the area that the u.k. have submitted for the heartening rockall area is a 163000 square kilometers. good news to.

my main reason to go to rockall was to inhabit it and if i stayed in international law less than 21 days i'm only visited i had to stay more than 21 days and by staying there more than 21 days it in fact 40 days it wasn't iraq it's an oil and i made it or not and. local. for the u.k. to claim the territorial sea overwhelmed along it had to prove that it was inhabitable yet the eyelids could be easily confused with any walk and tom stay was controversial so controversial that the u.k. had to put another territory into the mix st kilda the archipelago increased the british crowns claimed 516-0000 square kilometers st kilda has been deserted ever

since its 36 remaining inhabitants left almost a century ago but humans lived there once and they could live there again at least theoretically. what does the u.k. want with all this water. what do you mean by opening a piece of the ocean. the idea of the ocean has changed over time. most from. the plan was to show how the us and their cult talk of his mum saw the world and what they thought an ocean is very much sure what was important to them and most of. the 41492 before columbus's journey to the americas the ocean as

a broad portion of the world's surface as a as a major space that figured into our sense of the globe really wasn't there in the middle ages the world was thought to be a single large landmass a veritable mega continent without ocean. so the ocean really plays no role at all except to show a limit the ocean shows the limit of society and shows the limits of actually of god's kingdom of the kingdom on earth to the east beyond the ocean clay eden lay that the promised land lay heaven beyond that there was really nothing baptist. for most of human history the oceans were projection screens for the imagination unexplored and irrepressible the mighty barrier the place of terror.

despite its dangers the ocean became more and more important over the centuries. as global trade developed merchant fleets transformed the oceans into vast shipping lanes people from past centuries would never have dreamed of laying claim to the ocean for them it was a blue expanse full with dangers and obstacles that needed to be overcome a sailor's journey to follow in lines. of course the 2 dimensional bit is ironic because the ocean is so material a 3 dimensional you know we you step into the ocean you sink. yet in the 19th and 20th centuries something happened that changed our idea of the ocean for africa the seabed became a place of exploration in 858 as the transatlantic cape was being late engineers noticed variation in the oceans could this be evidence of undersea

mountains the 1st scientific study of the ocean floor was undertaken by the german survey vessel meteo in 1925 scientists today likened the expedition to columbus's 1st voyage which began the exploration of a towering incognita a previously unknown land over the next few decades a picture of the undersea cosmos gradually emerged. suddenly we've kind of developed this new awareness of the seabed of the underneath of course this itself is also kind of a fantasized idealisation of the ocean because you're imagining that you can see through the water column the water is missing from here the fish are missing a subtle way the topography of the seabed is quite literally brought to the surface . of the discovery of the seabed radically changed our idea of the ocean the ocean was no longer just water it was 1st and foremost

a land mass a vast expanse that belongs to no one but that could perhaps be seen just above. this man had a groundbreaking idea. the president of the united states harry else truman a man whose influence or reaching of any other man on earth. how he truman asserted his country's influence with nothing claiming this ocean was a territory territory under water that could be annexed just. part of the united states. enormous quantities of oil found in the gulf of mexico but the oil lay beyond the 3 miles island in which coastal states could exercise their song rights truly wanted more people wanted new terms story for the united states the

superpower needed more more oil urgently oil reserves on the mainland no longer sufficed. our dependence on these minerals and raw materials is so fresh and our supply so uncertain that we are moving as rapidly as we can and by every means that ingenuity can devise to expand facilities to step up production find new sources develop substitutes and bring in increased supplies from foreign sources. after to 2nd world war in $1045.00 then us president truman issued a proclamation. declaring that the natural resources in the. seabed and subsoil belong to the united states of america.

in convincing the world that the american president not only had no will but also the right to incorporate undersea territory truman used an argument that built on a recent discovery some areas of the seabed oceanic others a continental. the us had to have this kind of basis of a jew logical link between its land mass and the land mass submerge and lead to its territory. andy an idea of the geological continental shelf is the basis which the u.s. saw as. a legal basis as well they had to finally end the bases that they found most convincing most of course science.

but the. i didn't get c.n.n. not. by ever there should be. like this name yes. we did our business in the us we are by. the argument that the continent continues on made up the core of truman's justification this was the more convincing because the historical events the legitimized this theory which by far into history. simply. do if keep this. time in. terms. of the korean talent left by medion minimum. will feed your

cat is a geophysicist at the alfred baker institute in play my husband alfred vega noticed that the coastlines of north and south america seems to fit together with those of you up and africa like pieces of a puzzle. indeed carnegie lookee in the floor on fall on one of the dark horse dusty couldn't i much as some. very fancy read in the record scientists today believe there was once a supercontinent that at some point began to drift apart in the early 20th century this idea seemed completely preposterous. this being water sanitary. vs just it. could turn. out a democrat kind of supervise and. this is since on the supercontinent on them in

the atmosphere to nothing when only outs work and where does afaik the american doctors and indian land mass of the fungus. and disease to cure the present. indian see it's here. to cost us a con invite not. back these are the here that's where the quote entire. went on here home is the only planet delegate's has as a. poor kunder that condemned. on doesn't have to be done not evil sausan of the feel of whom. you know grasp at all. the idea that this submerged land mass is really a prolongation of your land territory you know it's who can argue that this would

not be partly right territory. the more people became aware of large quantities of oil and gas in the ocean floor the more coastal states tried to claim it for themselves they called for an international law based on the geological definition of a continental shelf yet many states resisted the earth's history has not favored each country equally brushless learned how to answer biden chaired by nancy mind us as we but fear not limit our plight for. africa. particularly made up artist doesn't. want importing context picturesquely and. to balance out the geological differences that emerged over hundreds of millions of years the nations of the world abandoned the geological definition of a continental shelf in favor of a legal definition that applies to all coastal states uniformly the godless of its

undersea geology every country is granted a continental shelf extending 200 nautical miles out to sea its exclusive economic zone. so these did idea of this 200 as a magic number became acceptable to many states at the conference but the broad margin states did not accept this because of course they were as far as they're concerned they would come out as a loser and it's not just the us and. also other states such as canada russia is also one of those states so they were not willing to give this up. ultimately states with a wide continental shelf prevailed a cool's with momentous consequences was quietly appended to the law of the sea convention and the crew was in question is article 76 it says that the state can lay claim to his geological continental shelf in addition to his legal continental

shelf provided in the state can supply data demonstrating the shelves outer limits within 10 years. the time limits triggered a veritable wound on the world's oceans and the largest land allocation in world history. for the 1st time in the history of humanity a land grab occurred based not only more on traditional forms of power but rather on geological findings. the scientists have a special role in the k. the ocean because the physical difference isn't as obvious it's not as experienced if you're on an island detention no you're on an island you can experience where land meets water i have no idea where the seabed ends you know

where the continental shelf fans and you know nobody does from every day observation. and. so on i would like to explain you now actually article $76.00 of the convention on the sea actually works and it's all about natural. laws so we have a lot actually the lab continues underwater something like this everything is decided by the point where the continental gradient off at the foot of the continental slope this spot is used to calculate the shelves outer limits the state can choose between 2 formulas it can extend its borders 60 nautical miles or 100 kilometers from this point seawards tran be more advantageous however to use the sediment thickness will because the settlements on the mainland the

state has a territorial claim to this part of the sea bed the thicker the layer of sediment the better according to the thickness of all the continental shelf extends until the point where the thickness of sediment amounts to one percent of the distance from the foot of the slope. because no one only chests understand geological data only thing can determine how far to states so when rights extend over the ocean hence a commission of expert was found in new york where the global community recognizes stakes and has so far in borders iraq one knows. 0 non-si business wiped out by mickey. soon or a. commission on the limits of the gun. as posey dba records exactly it is that's is g.'s e is g.

to join you bob peeped then join just head busy sure if we had each really involved. but. call him names helped build this commission yes now he is among its fiercest critics. g. home in your own. that paper. clips are spot on. it's bad form on that hour i mocked our dinner tonight in present. the $21.00 geologist of the continental shelf commission would d.c. to the united nations plaza filming it is for me the. members may speak to the

public in spite of precisely because of the fact that their decisions can change maritime nations. easily. i am confidentiality the. best i have the. because you've run every loach that joe de it done her dad. on why this house and i'm joined there does. blake of confidentiality the knights great but does ice sheets rise you know house. north korea isolated and heavily sanctioned yet earning billions around the globe

here and 39 is involved in everything that makes money for this korea. to carry defer the cost for us to take on tyson. the money this year and it goes straight into the coffers as the leaders have a $2.00 part people in power investigation bureau $39.00 cash for came to on a. journey to run can be a challenge on its own. but for some peruvian villages traversing one of the world's most dangerous roads is a risk that comes with the job. we follow the journey of these people as they get out to survive. risking it. on al-jazeera. people have come to expect a lot from al-jazeera over the years reporting the commitment to on the reporter

places the commitment to the human story. but it's also the idea of challenging those in power and if a politician comes on this channel they will be challenged and that's what people expect of us they want the questions oncet. that is what we've always sometimes but we will continue to do. the. i know i maryam namazie nandan but look at the headlines this hour now drugs from johnson and johnson is expected to apply for emergency use authorization for its vaccine in the united states next week it says its single dose jab appears to be at least 66 percent effective in preventing co the 19 and the european union has approved astra zeneca job for adults why it tussles with the company over delayed

supplies off to criticism of a slow rollout. well elsewhere mozambique's president has warned the hospitals across southern africa are on the severe strain 22 percent of all infections in the region were in the 1st 2 weeks of january alone this is doctors in zimbabwe hit back at a government spokesman who suggested the deaths of several ruling party officials have been the work of medical assassins to cabinet ministers never tied to army general have died of 19 with borders close many of the elites have been forced to use the country's public health system for the 1st time instead of traveling abroad for treatment i think. we can either give we. were dying now. it's now what these people it's it what you need to be it. or to get straight about that if you seem to. think that it's

a result of. what is going to. i want to turn to some of the other stories we're following as well the united nations has issued a warning it said more than 200000 people have fled violence in the central african republic in the past 2 months 92000 people have now cross into the democratic republic of congo and more than 13000 of flooded into neighboring states tens of thousands of displaced inside the country a coalition of groups have been trying to overturn december's presidential election and then in lebanon the caretaker prime minister has condemned violent demonstrations in the northern city of tripoli off to protest this clash with security forces and set a government building on fire the city is now seeing its 5th consecutive night of unrest demonstrate his angry at a lack of financial assistance from the government after a strict coronavirus lockdown was imposed we'll oceans monopoly continues and then

i'll see if the news hour in about 25 minutes time 202100 g.m.t. . but. before that the commission of ex-pats was founded in new york where the global community recognizes states and suffering borders as pows who do you got there and zara is s d z institute joined bob peeped. for the 1st time in the history of humanity a land grab occurred based not only more on traditional forms of power but rather on geological findings. of the experts who tipped the scales in loring's about maritime territories a notoriously unforthcoming one members agreed to speak about the commission on the condition the team meters not to new york but in which city in frons.

thing and personally i have always felt that we could do an effort to actually be more transparent and to communicate more. to. me. so my name is walter roost i'm a marine physicist a work at the from air france and i'm a member of the un commission on the limits of the continental shelf. well the 1st thing i should say is that you know the work of the commission yes it's true it's quite. 3 that very confidential fashion and the main reason behind that from the beginning of this 2 reasons one is that we're dealing with sovereign rights of states secondly many of the states submit data that are actually confidential data derives from petroleum industry francis so and those data they have to be treated with

a very high level of confidentiality there were powerful interests behind the state's petitions seabed data that have enormous economic significance this information contains important clues for where natural resources might be located 'd industries and states are not inclined to share this information which can be worth billions i think what we did what i could say is that as members of the commission i think we consider ourselves really scientific and technical experts but we also. cautions of the fact that our recommendations or decisions that we make have huge impact both politically economically. and so on so is it possible to distinguish those 2. for geologists in the commission have the job of evaluating continental shelf data submitted by countries

officially the commission only makes recommendations but since their conclusions are not cooperated by anyone else they have de facto or pfoa t. to decide which nations get which territories. 5 nations that border the arctic ocean are in a bid to extend their software in why it's in the direction of the north pole denmark canada us norway and russia each wants as much territory as possible the area is best. made to contain 10 percent of the world's oil reserves. the let the. man. do to fire you who wouldn't media me and sushi. if.

for calling for regime bugs in gun you are not unless we're doing his his hints has put down several russian selfish. that. he has cancer as my leader was like the eyes washer understood how to take advantage of the new law. in 2002 it was one of the 1st countries to submit a claim to the continental shelf commission the russians asserted lloyd's to no less than the entire essential arctic an area of 1500000 square kilometers including the north pole coal hince was known as the man who shot down blushes claim on account of insufficient scientific evidence but russia employed a trick that many states are using to push to their claims even after they were checked it. as i think out of the 1000 back on the straight and this is

a country actually. this is actually for both these ever feel. it economists joined on most of the 1st guy. or the also he asked soothingly ron you out of i my 1st one of. yeah it was actually a home. he gave me because. i sucked missions soared. into waste to control the world's oceans. data is katie if a claim is for jack to nations can have with searches collect more information this effectively allows countries to circumvent the commission's 10 year deadline governments can submit new reports until their claims who approved each additional geological submission brings with it a fresh womb for interpretation the name of the game is if you want to have the best answer for your maritime boundaries and or the best answer for your extended

continental shelf you go out and collect the best modern day data possible to go in use for your final application for law the seed to ensure that the answer is the best that it can be. russia has since submitted with fines to data to the continental shelf commission about canada and denmark want to know phone to. how can other countries with the same scientific arguments claim the same territory . is an ocean and water is a continent it is a question of respective the commission evaluates the scientific data and makes a decision if the for or against a state's claim once the claim is approved it is binding and cannot be reversed.

i don't know i mean we have no. if we replace all members of the commission hypothetically we have 21 new members and we would give them the same case it would be get the same result of i can be quite certain we will not get exactly the same result so i i don't believe that the commission can be a 100 percent right because 100 percent right does not exist in natural sciences we're talking about in the preaching based all relatively sparse data. the commission is a clip of experts selected by the general assembly nations of the 21 members on the commission 19 come from countries that others write for territorial expansion to national interests plane decisions of its members what is certain is that their recommendations in contested.

and the fans turn so good. i've tried to control our part this is the work that's our in every age i do my. as you try and then i can for the acquittal yet i'm glad it's over the problem is your. nobody. wiking some well there were 2 candidates to make. and all i can say is that john newcombe wants so we end up in kingston. michael loved puts the international seabed to. say it is the type of executive council of the ocean floor they supervise one of the states on able to get their hands on with

continental shelf claims the i.s.a.'s official motto is that the deep sea bed is the common heritage of mankind they believe that the ocean belongs to everyone the common heritage concept includes. a number of basic ideas the 1st idea is that it's an area over which no single state can claim sovereignty. and it has to be administered for the benefit of all mankind . the seabed all for 2 years the top distributing witches that are not in the sovereign areas of national states if a country or company makes a profit from mining minerals the i s a ensures that poor countries and countries without coastal borders receive a share. when founding the i s

a states agreed to make environmental regulations as strict as possible for deep sea mining in international waters because no one knows its effect on the merits of the ecosystem. so the i.r. say has no standing in the continental shelf commission it's not an observer to the commission it has no right to object to a recommendation of the commission. the commission's recommendations go only to the coastal state that is making the submission and not to anybody else. the ocean compass ever 360000000 square kilometers almost 3 quarters of the earth's surface. and. over 40 percent of this area has been assigned to legal

continental shelves. claims on expanded geological continental shelves make up another 10 percent of the ocean. it is now projected that around 57 percent of the oceans will eventually be under the control of the coastal states. in the year 2000 and that's the latest set of figures that we have the international seabed authority which is based in jamaica they came up with an ask them it as they saw that governments were starting to work through this more recent component for a lot of the sea for the extended continental shelf they have a figure just just below $12000.00 us trillion dollars is the in-situ estimate of seabed resources in the expanded continental shelves. estimates about the quantity of natural resources buried in the seabed are highly

speculative but if the figure of $12000.00 trillion us dollars is right it would be enough to if we person on earth a check for one and a half $1000000.00. for this is one of the country's leading the charge to claim a piece of the pie but like current nothing has a leg up over many other states at colonial past. your please give. me a blues preview of a look. don't you say are hopefully she do need do do we do. not want to feel at least one of.

the. well out. of the thanks to its colonial past france administers islands in almost every ocean of the world now it stands to gain substantial maritime territory in which. currently france has 11 claims pending the continental shelf commission. says it is on t.v. . i know it is. jacqueline richard he did not put says is. definitely. the army does he did was this is such young.

france has claimed territories amounting to some 12000000 square kilometers around 20 times the size of continental farms if the claims are. it will become the world's 2nd largest maritime nation its sovereign wide stretching over an area of the ocean almost as large as the entire arctic less yasith also there. are a little him all this limo and bulldog. bussard good. it could just remodel a bit more now because i do security doing it don't drive or. duplicate control. that predict not pass up class.

which is going to switch don't you not a have a city disorder. or city have a couple of policeman at your daily look at the courts not bad or last days do put in is shall see they go off or send decision tio. tested that button also that there's the paternity. of the on the shelf here. called for 70. something for. the sort of. want their machine are

better may i'm nicked are. don't walk scott do some unity bus was shocked either the boat different base support for sunni shock even. when a boarding is you also when you see forces not best. served up or didn't see 4 sets up off. the grid get. my lens would present a crucial trump card in the battle to control the world's oceans it's all about geometry because islands are surrounded by water there's software into a drawing extends around them in a circle even if an island were just a small block its merits or inside it would be larger than germany.

if a group of islands forms and i'll keep a common base line around the entire cluster violence is used to calculate the maritime territory. this man is japan's hope in the race to claim the won't oceans he cracked the genetic code of a life form the could help japan i'd say 400000 square kilometers to its territory . is a geoscientist in the university of tokyo he specializes in cold. isms that display characteristics of both animals and plants. going to the mall all of them up and it's ok with a lot they get it quite got up and was ill step that we all. yet kayani has delved further into their biology into the secret of their reproduction

and found a method for breeding them on a large scale. aussies on the go to the mall. at the bottom of it it's akin to what i mean out of the often this is a car that has emerged out of the other numerous. mass produced coals $60000.00 tiny coal babies are being artificially bred to farm on a small island off the coast of okinawa but for won't hurt us. looking at all wish him a is located 1700 kilometers south of tokyo it is a small cold matter during high tide he clears the surface by

a mere centimeters japan regards it as an island but the existence of a q notorious under oath right. that i see him in ga and he just said that i think it's a matter of yourself with a lot of us going to the mall is one of the. so you kenya yes it's maritime area which presents a massive territorial expansion bringing with it so when whites over fish and other natural resources. you don't get them. when you're there. and so you think you know. nothings. and. all. this

territory be lost if the leave disappears. coals being used to save the i told thousands of them have been shipped to a canoe toria to preserve there we found make it as large as possible a pilot project on an island to taiwan is studying what might one day look like thanks to cole's. soon ok notorious could become a real island like the pilot project. which consists entirely of cargo. pants whistles fulness is not being welcomed by everyone however it's you maritime claims of tensions with his powerful neighbor china which it's still a face currently involved in island territory disputes with a hold of countries. as states attempts to extend their maritime zones as far as possible many international conflicts have

arisen. in the south china sea 8 countries are fighting for oil reserves value to her. $100000000000.00 is. there is no part of the world that is safer than others in other words with 53 percent of all maritime boundaries within the easier. we're seeing conflicts raising up to volatile levels driven predominantly by resource development for the off shore typically will end up having a coastal frontage area that looks like this and let's say that we have a land boundary we're country a is sitting here and country b. is sitting here back in the seventy's when we were moving from oil and gas exploration on land to the marine area they may have negotiated

a provisional boundary that sort of allowed them for country a to issue offshore oil and gas blocks and country b. and let's say in a so in a more recent scenario an extremely large discovery is made and let's say the neighboring country country b. then all of a sudden size we'd like to have some of that so they are starting to propose new boundaries as this initial line was not even a modern day accepted boundary line. have become contestants territories the well. everyone wants a piece of the sign new boundaries of being tulum for to find peace we choose powerful industries only move in the deep sea no one can predict the consequences of this industrialization of the world's pollution. they are the consequences

of a whiff aleutian that began years ago and just mostly gone unnoticed the ocean is being defined you don't like and. you also have to realize that the oceans are future so we need to have. some way of. deciding who was responsible for walk and where and when. and so. at this point in time this is maybe not the ideal solution but this is this rouge and was created with the convention. the world's oceans foam more than its continents bill with a cohesive ecological system a sensitive continuum in which was happens to one area can affect all of the others . it is now up to the world's nations whether they would take responsibility for their muni a quiet maritime territories. february

on al-jazeera under strict id act feds to iran's nuclear program is about to end will u.s. president joe biden over town from factions and help rebuild relations al-jazeera sets out on a journey to the heart of what it means to be a true supporter of the beautiful game the u.s. has the highest covered 1000 count in the wild the new administration has promised a time better round we'll have extensive coverage the big picture reveals how the perfect storm of events in 2020 exposed the truth about race at the top to the united states and as president joe biden embarks on his 1st month in the white house we'll bring you the latest developments a few times to repair global relationships february on al-jazeera.

hello i'm places i've got some quotes weather in the forecast for the southeast of australia very wet weather now in the process of pulling out of the way we see some lively storms through victoria and into where tasmania the wetter weather will be up towards the northwest of the country as we go on through the next couple of days with the heavy downpours around the pilbara and kimberley coast southern parts of w.a.'s fine and dry perth into the mid thirty's once again we'll see temperatures for covering around the eastern side of the country with city getting up to around 27 degrees celsius but still a few showers into that eastern side of new south wales but there is that brighter weather coming back into victoria melbourne at around 22 degrees may well we're

going to see brought to weather eventually pushing its way back into japan to say more disruptive snow recently across northern parts of japan into western areas of collins she will see more snow flurries as we go on through saturday but by saturday going on into sunday i shall is becoming fewer and further between dry weather coming back in the high winds easing off and should turn a little milder tokyo around 12 degrees celsius i celsius there insulted in malta here is well we're getting up to around 7 degrees celsius but there will be some wet weather it's essential china. on counting the cost of the world's richest monarch and the protests to reform the institution how much is time and is king worth is the u.a.e. the next day to exit bag and coffee farmers in colombia struggling to recruit labor

. counting the cost on al-jazeera india 3000000 people have been excluded from the least of the. one i when i speak to the families lives to live along. the. 0. 0 i'm mariam new my 0 watching the news hour live from london coming up in the next 60 minutes as another to corona virus vaccines give promising results the e.u. approves the astra zeneca job for all adults but many countries are falling behind kenya says it hopes to vaccinate just a 3rd of its population by june next year.