which ended up exposing his extramarital affairs and brought an end to his golden boy image in 2017 he was arrested on a dui offense after being found asleep at the wheel with several painkillers in his system as he struggled to cope with corna congeries good several are for me still he managed to overcome these challenges and in 2019 at the age of 43 he won the masters is widely considered one of the greatest comebacks in sports but given the severity of his latest injuries this doubt he will ever reach the same heights or even play again 45 years old he's going to remember surgeries. but i think the 1st start you come to on this is is is the end of a career coming it is faster than we realize time will tell what impact this accident will have a nice golfing future for now he said to be awake responsive and recovering in hospital david stokes al-jazeera.

benefits out of there because of the headlines myanmar's military appointed foreign minister has visited thailand for talks after this month's crew has been eating the prime minister and indonesia's foreign minister as part of regional efforts to resolve the crisis meanwhile protesters gathered at the indonesian embassy to denounce that visit ghana has become the 1st country to receive vaccines for the international kovacs scheme the 600000 vials were flown in from india. to get vaccines to the most vulnerable people and to share them fairly amongst orations of course in germany has convicted a former syrian secret police officer and a landmark case related to the torture of protesters i had was found guilty of helping facilitate crimes against humanity and jailed for 4 and a half years. the un human rights chief has called on the council to set up what she calls a dedicated capacity to investigate the atrocities committed during sri lanka's 26

year civil this all comes after the government withdrew from the un resolution last year that promised to promote reconciliation and accountability security has been stepped up outside a military court in beirut with that he too anti-government activists are standing trial for the accused to face charges of terrorism and threats and theft stemming from protests in tripoli in january that terrorism offense carries the death penalty and it's the 1st time it's been levelled against demonstrators opposition leader malcolm honest money claims he's narrowly won new shares presidential elections a day off the official results said he lost by more than 11 percentage points his money says voter fraud has been widespread across new jazz regions and on tuesday officials declared mohamed presume the winner which then led to losing in the capital niamey well those are the headlines i will have a news hour for you here on al-jazeera off the inside story stay with us.

code 19 vaccines are rolled out around the world some countries are issuing vaccinations for tickets and lifting restrictions for those who had a jab but will those who are vaccinated be left out as societies reopen this is inside story. hello and welcome to the program i'm comin 1000 vaccination drives are in full swing in many countries some have begun issuing certificates for people to prove they receive the shots it's raising concerns about potential discrimination nearly

half of israel's population has received at least one dose of the vaccine the government is reopening hotels and gyms but only to people with a so-called green pass to show they're either fully vaccinated or have recovered from cope and 1000 public health experts are worried about excluding those who are waiting to receive a shot or can't be vaccinated due to medical or other reasons you can. divide between 2 population if there is a good medical reason. so for example if someone was exposed to 'd. someone infected and these vaccinated leave you don't need to stay told that's ok that's a medical decision a british government review is looking at whether vaccine certificates could help to ease lock down measures faster the prime minister says there are many ethical and privacy challenges to work through. we could be discriminate treat against people who for whatever reason can't have the vaccine them or the reasons medical

reasons why people of coke have. difficulties that they you know the people some people may genuinely refuse to have one out i think that's a mistake of the everybody should have a vaccine but we need to thrash will decide many countries are preparing to create so-called travel bubbles for people who can prove they've been vaccinated greece israel and cyprus have agreed to recognize each other's vaccines or to fits those who have them will enjoy unrestricted travel greece is pushing for a similar arrangement across the european union but france and germany remain wary they've raised concerns over a 2 tier system where some can travel and others can't many countries are moving towards favoring those who've been vaccinated author has dropped quarantine requirements while hungary is considering allowing them to be exempt from curfews. alright let's bring in our guests in reading dr simon clarke associate professor in

cellular microbiology at the university of reading in doha dr patrick tang division chief of pathology sciences at sidra medicine and in oxford dr dominic wilkinson director of medical ethics at the well hero center for practical ethics at the university of oxford welcome to the program patrick let me start with you do you believe that vaccine certificates are going to become the norm. and it's quite likely that different countries or different businesses might implement some form of vaccine and to get the or vaccines or to pick it in order to be able to certify that certain people are immune and to be able to have more efficiencies in their business isn't travel in protecting some of their critical ins or infrastructure simon it's unclear at this stage if any of the covert $1000.00 vaccines that are out there actually prevent transmission of coven

$1000.00 with that in mind is it too early to be issuing vaccine certificates well i think if they're issued with the expectation the priest of vaccination is proof of being able to transmit the virus then that's that it is to the we're beginning to get good evidence with the pfizer vaccine that could be some protection against transmission but i think. they haven't it's less good with the ox with astra zeneca vaccine particularly if somebody doesn't have city so asymptomatic transmission and that could account for a fair proportion of the transmission really is the potential problem dominick i saw you nodding along to some of what simon was saying just there that you want to jump in. on it i think now is the time for us to be talking about

banks is that occasion and because the evidence he's ease of moving and because they seem programs rolling out i think is a very at of these incentives for countries to head think about when they can use that x. is to be good for vets in hospitals as a way to move towards more normal life patrick what would vaccine certificates mean for those who would get them. so i think that it would mean very different things for different countries and different businesses that are going to utilize this because now there's many it is a very complicated topic and i think sometimes we simplify it too much because you know we we know that. vaccines are not 100 percent of the cases that the tests that we use to determine whether someone's an you're not are not 100 percent accurate so so it all depends on why and how do you use these

certificates and and how that's going to help us get back to like a normal way of living and restore our economy simon are we not talking about the real possibility at some point that we could see discrimination come into play with vaccine certificates i'm talking about perhaps a 2 tiered system of access for the haves and the have nots. well that's a distinct possibility i mean in the u.k. there is mooching evidence that certain groups in the population are more reluctant to have the vaccine will perhaps even have less access to it so anything about that would fall in there i think our discrimination noles potentially so yeah it's a real possibility i don't want to be full of trying discussion dominic there's an ethical debate that's been brewing for some time around this issue of vaccines certificates could you just talk us through some of the issues at play here that

are being debated ok so the basic ethical argument in favor of benzene hospitals is that it's justified to restrict people's freedom of movement their freedom of association if normal everyday freedoms to to reduce transmission of the virus and to prevent big series of cases taking out hospitals. but is somebody easier. if it is the case that it is immunity and they were very much reduced chance of spreading the virus in that case full restricting the individual disappears and then it becomes a question of is it justified to restrict that individual i think there are 2 obvious series of implementation of things because. one is in terms of quarantine and when travelling between countries if many countries currently have. periods of

compulsory quarantine but by long periods of considerable expense if somebody had for example 2 doses of an appropriate bank scene at an appropriate time i think there's a strong case that they should perhaps. not not be required to have such long. also. cases of reply was for self isolation after contact with somebody who's had a virus if somebody has had to make the net again looks like a place where if they should eventually be exempt from the world health organization has urged caution on vaccine passports it's formed a smart vaccination certificate consortium it seeking to develop a common digital vaccines are difficult that will be recognized by everyone that will mean creating a global standard for vaccine recognition and coordinating the efforts of national governments but the w.h.o. has also said that for the time being it opposes the introduction of vaccine passports allowing unrestricted travel it said there isn't enough information yet on how effectively vaccinations can reduce transmission of the virus patrick from

your vantage point what role is the w.h.o. ultimately going to be playing when it comes to standardizing all of this when it comes to the vaccine certificates. i think that they're going to have a hard time controlling all the individual countries and individual countries making their own rules 'd for their own people and their own standards for whether people mean quarantine or not after traveling so i think if they don't come up with something that's acceptable to lots of different countries the all the different countries are going to make their own ends and i think that the thing is there's not there's never going to be a perfect system for doing that isn't that the back scenes are not perfect that you could get one back in that has a higher rate of ethic and you get different back in that has a lower rate of ethic and so there's never going to be a fully equipped this summer for the perfect system but i think for practicality

that this is something many countries are going to adopt in and i think one of the things that you mentioned was whether this could be used for travel for travel is a very specific application but it's but there's lots of other reasons why it could be used within that country or within a certain region you know i work in a hospital it's important that we know that people entering the hospital are don't have hope it or that they're immune to kill but we could save money by not having them so there's lots of practical reasons that could be applied in different situations maybe not just for travel and then each country might have their own rules to it because some countries might not have it must quality and how they distribute back they might have a higher rate of infection in their country so then it would be ok for them to implement post travel. quarantine so that people that are mean could come back and not be quarantined in their country simon look to me like you want to jump in and

add to what patrick was saying please go ahead. i was not a along because i agree with everything i said i think the world health organization comes up with a set of. vice. it would be just that it would be a starting place for a lot of other countries to to build on the mend and they're all come up with their own ideas about what they think suits them best and it always needs to be remembered that now these vaccines is 100 percent effective and also we don't know what it takes or what it means to be. immune to cave in 19 we don't know what we call the correlates of protection what they are so if you measure a blood sample from somebody we don't really know. how what we measure relates to whether or not they're immune so there's a huge amount of uncertainty around this dominic how concerned are you about the

fact that governments will or won't be able to properly protect the health data those who get the vaccine and have these certificates going forward well. i think we thinking about vaccine path but we can look to other types of certification or other types of information so one of these analogies is regular passports we we very familiar with regular passport which have to be secure in the and. held within them and they need to be free from from being easily copied and or are having fraud and in terms of health information and. the information it's there it's contained within a bank which is not what most people would think of as it seems it is a mason and there's not revealing somebody who's know how rico is revealing whether or not it had a bank scenes and that kind of concern about the safety of. security of

health information might not be so patrick you had mentioned the issue of travel going forward just a few minutes back so i want to follow up with you about that issue if we're talking about issuing vaccines certificates for travel or vaccine passports as some may call them how would countries go about standardizing criteria for vaccines are difficult what i mean is what if you've taken the vaccine that's been approved in one country and then you wish to travel to another country where there's another vaccine that's been that's been approved for use only one vaccine that doesn't it doesn't match with the with the vaccine that's been approved in your country how will that issue be dealt with. well i think you brought up an excellent point that this is a very complex issue and and you know you're right about that one country may not accept the vaccine from another country or where they might not accept this or

religiosity from another country or even from another look we're sure that's not it by them so because of all of these things every country is probably going to be a little bit on their own that if i'm in this country and i got back city in this country where i got tested in this country then then that would allow me to be. to able ovoid post travel quarantine when i come back to my home country because that's where i was vaccinated that's where i or may have been tested and that's where there's a record of me become having been active before so i think it might end something like that where each country has their own will so then your certificate may not apply in another country because there is an agreement on on how we do that testing which backings work which is there except it as proof of this i mean this is a potentially very complicating factor is it not i mean order for something like this to really work when it comes to travel to lots of different places going

forward protocols and some form of standardization would need to be agreed upon right. yes it does but of course governments sometimes or some governments i should say have a tendency to insist on their way or the highway so. they move some of them will not be very interested in listening to or for example the world health organization has to say you know i can envisage circumstances where some countries will say this is what we want this is what we expect incoming visitors to have it terms of testing and or a vaccine and if you don't like it you can come in so i do think that that while standardize ation is desirable i think there are certain countries who will insist on doing it their own way dominic there's growing fears that this kind of documentation could exclude or discriminate against those who've been left most

vulnerable so far by the pandemic what do you say to that. well one of the interesting things about vaccine passport in countries that have deliberately chosen to vaccinate 1st those individuals who are most vulnerable and most affected by the pandemic is that actually vaccine will serve to improve the quality and to redress some of the inequality so for example those who are in older age groups who clinically vulnerable as you do who have had 1st access to the vaccine will potentially have 1st access to some of the freedoms that might go along with that but of course there are some people who are going to miss out for example at those who are. young or are unable to have a vet seen for asked for a medical reason will have chosen not to have a vaccine and that i think is a race that different ethical issues because of course if somebody chooses not to have a vaccine then they choose to take on board the consequences of that patrick what

about the fact that we don't yet know how long the effects of the vaccine will last i mean how much would that complicate this at some point what it would proof of boosters potentially be required. i think the data is coming out that you know the immunity can't last quite long from natural infection at least 9 months from from earliest infections that we have and from the vaccines we should expect similar level durations of immunity and if we compare it to either vaccine problem that at least 6 months if not longer so so i think what you said it's probably going to happen where we're going to have it stirs or we're going to have to have some kind of testing to ensure that we still have a certain degree of immunity but that as simon said before we don't really know even if you are tested that whether you know your you have antibodies that you're

necessarily need so that all of that measures that we have are inaccurate so so i think if whatever system we implement we have to accept some degree of inaccuracy in there and but you know we can't have a perfect system you have to have something that's just good enough so that we can return just some semblance of normal life dominic looked to me like he wanted to add to that please go ahead. well i think one of the thing that to you took many is we don't know how long immunity will last attempts at lanes that will happen in what we used to the idea that these is a time limited and it seems quite possible that banks in hospitals will also vic's and require that eventually rehabilitation or evidence. of abuse does all that they might need to be renewed if in 6 months time we find that that immunity is longer lasting so well we don't know that immunity is going to last 6 months 12 months 2

years yet that doesn't mean that in the next 6 months we have to just wait and. and you know i someone i want to talk for a moment about the effect that this could have in the long term i mean do you foresee that having to get these certificates or having these certificates issued will encourage more people to get vaccinated i'm talking specifically about people who might either be hesitant to get the vaccine or might just be afraid to get the vaccine right now and want to wait a little bit longer. i think that for travel. i think the effect on that would be small that that would be something but i don't think it would be huge i think the big. plus it's if you stop freeing up society if you say to people you can go to the cinema restaurant or the after or a football match or whatever but only if you have if you've been vaccinated that's where the biggest driver of vaccination will come from i think patrick let me pick

up on a point that dominic was making earlier about those who may not be able to get the vaccine for one reason or another perhaps a health reason maybe they have allergies or underlying health conditions i mean what happens to them in a scenario like this where more and more people are being encouraged to get the vaccine and would get these vaccines are difficult that would either allow them to reenter businesses or sectors of society or to travel. i think this is a difficult problem to address them and there's going to be at least now i'm in term here is where there's going to be found in a quality for people that have found a reason why they cannot get the vaccine but as ward more people become back needed and more and more people become immune because of natural infection then that will create that environment of herd immunity where where these people can then again have them of their freedoms without having to be acting or be exposed so so i think

that didn't matter i'm and eventually you know we know that the pandemic benchley and we know that benchley will get back to normal it's just a matter of time and you know some people are not it's not can you quote from in that interim period dominick i saw you nodding along with like you want to jump in please go ahead you know i think that's right i think some people concerned about that seem possible because they have this idea is that as this is going to be a penman a change to our ability to move around unless we provide these sort of medical certificates because we don't know with what's going to happen with current a virus even a year or 2 years to 5 years time but i think it's reasonable to assume that this is these phenomena of these. are a short term measure there a way to get from here in the pandemic to. endemic free free free world simon if more countries start requiring vaccine certificates or if they

start offering vaccine passports isn't this essentially making it or making the vaccine mandatory. not necessarily for travel if that's that's what they're needed for but again i come back to my point that why the participation tsotsi that's when they fact that he becomes more or less man of the tree so yeah i can see that unless governments legislate to prevent organizations of any sort insisting long vaccine possible bit like a say a restaurant or a p f or sports ground and then yes they legislate against them insisting on seeing that possible then they will become. the vaccine will become compulsory effectively dominic around the world there are large inequities when it comes to

the vaccine and who has access to it i mean going forward how our government's going to guarantee that vaccine certificates or passports will be fair well i think that there are very serious issues it and it to do with global inequality in banks in distribution and mike is in about that and not about that those who travel really full use who you have really to be fortunate it's a it's about a much more serious issues in the. lives and illness and i think that is the reason why do i believe it needs to be and there already is and the need to be more attention to how can we distribute and these banks seen as quickly as possible to all of those around the world to who would want you to benefit from it patrick just very quickly i only have about 45 seconds left how about the fact that new strains are emerging right now is this the right time to be rolling out certificates while

this is happening. i think adventure that handler is going to end what we can control is how long it takes people we get back to a normal state so i think anything that we do to bring back normalcy is going to be helpful so this may not be a perfect solution it might be a new variant coming out but then just we just need to tackle those problems as they come along just like you know quality we've got to tackle that and new variants come up and then we have to develop new vaccines that we shouldn't try to wait for this perfect system and hijack this whole initiative because of all these different things we just happen to us them as weak as they come along just like everything else all right we run out of times we're going to leave the conversation there thanks so much to all our guest dr simon clark dr patrick tang and dr dominic wilkinson and thank you for watching you can watch this and our previous programs any time by visiting our website at 0 dot com and for further discussion go to our facebook page that's facebook dot com forward slash a.j. inside story you can also join the conversation on twitter our handle is at a.j.

inside story from a miami gentlemen the whole team here i for now thank. you . kill and sleep well i pray and influence peddling the fall of the french president nicolas all cosy will be in the dock in a court room and also investigations on march the 1st will hear the verdict in his trial follow the story as it breaks the mold of reaction on al-jazeera.

since its inception in 1961 the kuwait fund has been supporting people's livelihoods in over 100 countries by funding projects in an array of sectors. ranging from infrastructure to health and education. these initiatives ultimately help to eradicate poverty. and promote sustainable development. an ancient land and one man's dream to transport tons have billions from europe and fly them over his beloved country. in a nation reeling from decades of violence. to borrow 500 meters away from still very straight can an international team of pilots get this man's dream off the ground good news over babylon on al-jazeera. to say

just say that it's time for a different approach so let's leave simplicity to the headlines join me as i take on the lies dismantle the misconceptions and debate the contradictions are marc lamont hill and it's time to get up from. her. 0. hello there i'm a star this is the news hour live from our headquarters here and coming up in the next 60 minutes u.s. health regulators are set to approve the johnson and johnson vaccine after studies found it to be highly effective in preventing coded $1000.00 including barry and it's gone now becomes the 1st nation to receive vaccines as part of a global scheme to ensure less wealthy countries.