download provides many different perspectives on a shared world history. new york the world's 1st dedicated platypus refuge will be established in australia to rescue the animals from climate disasters announced it's going to build the facility in dubost city to provide emergency care to the duckbilled mammals it can house up to 65 platypuses the premises will also be used as a research facility to study their reproductive biology. this is a disease or these are the top stories of funerals being held in me and more for one of 38 demonstrators killed on wednesday protesters are back on the streets across the country after the most violent day of the zones has cracked down the un says the actual death toll says the military took power over a month ago may be much higher than reported. the un human rights chief ethiopia's

government to let monitors into t. great to investigate reports of abuses that could amount to war crimes which he says killings and sexual violence are reported to be ongoing malcolm webb has more from nairobi. just last week rights group amnesty international published a report in which he said according to dozens of testimonies thread the eritrean and ethiopian military were responsible for an indiscriminate shelling in the town of x. them it said the eritrean troops were subsequently responsible for a massacre of civilians that it took place in late november or turn the town of my character we heard initially reports of militia aligned with the p.l.f. matic growing civilians and then later a report of counter math appears on the part of militia aligned with the government side. the latest u.s. house of representatives sessions been canceled reportedly because of fears of an

attack security has been ramped up since donald trump supporters stormed the capitol building in january law enforcement officials have faced criticism for delaying their response yemen southern supper to say a car bomb has killed and injured people it exploded in aden in a set of hits security forces of the u.a.e. backed southern transitional council germany's agreed on a plan to gradually relax coronavirus restrictions from monday people will be allowed to gather in groups of up to 5 and some shops can reopen curbs will be reimposed of infection rates shoot up. medical experts in canada are recommending 4 months between coronavirus vaccinations so more people will be able to receive a 1st dose but critics say extending p. periods between those this is an experiment with unproven consequences those are the headlines the news continues here on al-jazeera after inside story by.

awesome covert 900 vaccines better than others in france and germany people are taking up the pfizer shots but shunning astra zeneca is offering health experts say we shouldn't pick and choose so who is white this is inside story. hello and welcome to the program i'm rob matheson not more countries are proving different covert 1000 vaccines to try to control the pandemic the drug makers of touting varying levels of protection for example pfizer and madonna say their shots

worked on 95 percent of the people who received them in a clinical trial oxford astra zeneca reported about 70 percent that has led to a belief that some vaccines are better than all those france's health ministry says only a quarter of the astra zeneca vaccines it's received have been used in germany 2 thirds of its 1400000 viles are still in storage and some sitting say people are canceling their appointments in favor of pfizer but on monday france changed its original advice so those over the age of $65.00 could receive the astra zeneca job germany is under pressure to follow suit included norman actually we should make astra zeneca available for everyone as quickly as possible and not in 4 or 6 weeks and every new vaccine on the market should be put into a system to speed up facts. nations i would make additional doses of astra zeneca

available immediately through general practitioners no vaccine must be left sitting around in germany or some health experts say we should focus on the number of people in hospital and the death toll instead of the so-called effectiveness percent of a particular vaccine this tweet by the dean of the brown university school of public health has been shared thousands of times he says no one who has received a job in a clinical trial has died or been taken to hospital while real world studies suggest any vaccine will prevent serious illness in scotland the astra zeneca job reduce the number taking up hospital beds by 94 percent israel which is inoculated the most people per capita found last month that only 0.04 percent of those given jobs developed covered 19 india's health ministry says no deaths have been linked to the vaccine and in the us the top infectious disease official is urging all americans to get whichever vaccine is available. all 3 of them are really quite

good and people should take the one that's most available to them if you go to a place and you have j. and j. and that's the one that's available now i would take it i personally would do the same thing i think people need to get vaccinated as quickly and as expeditiously as possible and if i would go to a place where they had j.n.j. i would have no has to didn't see whatsoever to take it. ok let's bring in our guests from oxford to samantha found a slot is a social science research or the oxford vaccine group and barcelona geoffrey lhasa this is the head of the health systems research group at the boss of the institute for global health and with us from gun talk in the indian state of sick in the secret chettri as a medical doctor and member of unesco's international bioethics committee welcome to the program thank you very much indeed for being with us geoffrey there's been a difference of course between people hesitating to get the vaccine and people

refusing to get the vaccine but in the short term the result is pretty much the same why is this such public uncertainty about some of these vaccines. well there is a lot of myths circulating there's also some concerns about this speed in which the vaccines were were approved so we try to explain that the process was able to go quickly for a number of reasons including a high uptake in disappears in the clinical trials careful oversight rolling reviews by the regulatory agencies and so there's a there's a you know as you mentioned there's a group that's hesitating but it very much smaller that actually using to get vaccinated samantha as i was just talking about there the media has focused a lot on this so-called efficacy level of vaccines but experts are saying that we should be looking at the 0 or close to 0 hospitalizations and the death tolls to

judge those vaccines how much does that influence the way that the public at large is viewing these vaccines. i think that's right and the problem is the efficacy levels from the trial are part of the things are get taken away by the public so if you're looking at different vaccines and compare and you have those numbers in mind and it does need to the sale of one vaccine is better than the other is just maybe not the case that you can make these kind of comparisons about trial data and we know that all of the vaccines that have been approved for emergency use of stopping these costs said they own and stones and death so they're stopping transmission also really just points to take in the vaccine that's off the t.v. and not pick and choose and the 2nd is not just about 4 figures a little that though is it because i understand that in india there was a company called biotech to develop his own vaccine called kovacs and no it was if

i understand it correctly it was given emergency approval by the government there were no details initially given about the effectiveness rates how much do you think a lot and a patent lack of transparency is contributing to people's suspicion of vaccines yet transparency level is of course a major determining factor but then again even the current biotechs vaccine was approved so emergency use it was very elaborately available in the government portal leading the side effects off does our our it by shield vaccine which is called action and also the 2nd vaccine which was developed by serum institute which is known as i received the huge shorts and if you visit the government portal off india you will see that alongside these 2 vaccines have been reason long their site thinks so the drums being so level is quite adequate yes but to the masses not because i come from such a country rare not everybody has access to internet and government portals so the

transparency level is limited only to a sudden strata of the society who have access to internet and the portals and that sort of literacy level but to the masses so yes this lack of transparency not exactly but the lack of propagation of the scene is playing in fact is being who in the hesitancy of actions in india. given the fact that almost all the vaccines that are that are being offered at the moment have if i understand it correctly just a couple of month's worth of data that is being provided so they can be provided they can be put forward for emergency approval the long term effects of all these vaccines we don't really know even the pharmaceutical companies don't really know about that how do you get the public. to trust an unproven vaccine really in any medicine in fact yes to many medications which have just come into use venders fame for example i do goldman and its use in that we do know it's not

the long term the sex but in the health and in medicine what we do is we always read the rules and the codes and at this juncture the rules of the facts are not definitely much much much more than once it is obviously better to keep a shot at detecting ourselves from paul that than dying from it so i feel we as health care workers should lead by example you know and we should educate the public as much as possible about the trials that have been done about the side effects so far as much as being the most knowledge is the best counter gown different feel that is what i believe so you know we can give them as much knowledge as we can and about the long term side effects see we do know that there are short term side effects but we don't know you also have this much that that there are blue lights children in low light exactly the way the vaccines were who. jeffrey which we don't know does. jeffrey i just want to ask you i mean the perception of covert itself. obviously we have al-jazeera been covering that story

for ever since it began well over a year ago the images that come to me predominantly are of crowded i.c.u. beds around the world of. health stuff medical stuff under tremendous pressure but the stories of individuals being affected the way that code that actually affects the individuals are far fewer those images are not as strong do you think that that has an impact on the way that people perceive covert and subsequently therefore perceive the need to get a vaccine i do. think you know when medications vaccines are promoted we tell individual stories here it's really been the story of protecting the health system protecting society but we need to emphasize that individuals have been greatly affected long cold it is a very serious issue and i think it's important now to start telling the story of

what it's like for people who who are on respirators responding to for 6 weeks or longer in a hospital the impact on them personally and their life and on their families and there's thousands tens of thousands hundreds and thousands and now millions of individual stories and those are know that well millions of people feel that well it might not affect me or it only be like. a couple of days which is difficult to breathe but what we do know that most long term effects are serious adverse events for accede occur very early on that we don't know is the long term effects and they contract it kool-ade i think that's a story that really needs to be told and emphasized samantha we're hearing that the polish health minister is just saying that he doesn't recommend using the chinese covert vaccine at the moment because of a lack of data how much do you think the stereotypes in geopolitics play a role into the apartment effectiveness our next acceptance of certain vaccines.

i think these stereotypes are playing a role but on the other side i think. heaven data been made openly available especially it's very paver viewed publication and other ways that make in this information widely accessible will. increase the trust in the vaccines that are coming out. jeffrey we were. i was saying earlier on that one of the problems that she faces in india is the fact that not everybody has access to the internet in much of the as in other parts of the world and therefore getting information reliable into information can be very difficult it tends to rely on word of mouth which presents an enormous problem isn't it because you're relying on the people's assumptions about the vaccine rather than the actual data that some month that was zeus' mentioning there how do you get round that how do you turn

that focus onto the reliability of the data and away from hearsay. but we really need a massive campaign and this needs to be led by the government and its health authorities and that means rechy every home possible with letters with pamphlets explaining the vaccines and explaining those that have been approved by the regulatory bodies that they are safe if they've been approved that it won't be long term effects other than protecting against against the virus so it's really about a grassroots campaign but led led by the government and all of the health care professionals possible so doctors nurses other health care professionals explain it but it's really about reaching it but home it's about having government officials and other health officials on t.v. regularly in the newspapers explaining this particularly to those as you mentioned

good access to the internet or other kinds of technologies so you can always say that that that is something that you agree with but i understand that in certain parts of asia of course there have been health teams who've been attacked when they've attempted to go into villages and certainly at least in the early stages when they've been trying to disseminate this information people have been very suspicious that is putting again health workers at the center of this and at great risk and it's a balancing act isn't it isn't it trying to get the information out how important that information is but at the same time not risking the lives of the health workers the what i feel left at this juncture health worker is not the way it comes to treating the patient all propagating information rebury a very major and it comes with risks but also if the information comes from us people will automatically as you make to be more accountable. so i think that is what you can risk because it is for the greater good and right now as those of you

are talking about the publication of vaccines i would like to once again steve on international media quoting my guru and the author of modern medicine to be a doctor for cheap that we need at least 75 percent off the global population to be either infected on back to need to in order to develop herd human indeed so we also need to put it across that it is not only for you as an individual to be protected as from good but it is also worth the social responsibility beyond being part of history as being written and all of you have a chance to be a part of the cure by participating in the vaccination great and by helping us develop her duty so it is also a social responsibility and this information also needs to be instilled in the minds of people so that they become more accepting to it's the idea of vaccination as a whole and this information coming from health care workers of course is going to be taken in but more accountability and just as compared to our lives so i feel yes

there is risks there are a lot of side effects and that we will have to freeze but be should go ahead and do it with bravery and courage because it is far far great to reach a good some other parts of the world of course which are limited in the number that they alternatives of vaccines that they have available to them and therefore they're restricted to just taking the vaccine that they're being given by the government there are other parts of course which do have this variety which is allowing people to delay making a choice on making a choice to delay getting the vaccine because they don't like one vaccine as it was perhaps happening in the early days in france they they were prefer to take another vaccine what are the risks though of having. that that choice become a negative when people are delaying and delaying because they don't get the vaccine that they actually want and yet covert is still marching on. i would echo what everyone has been saying and the best way to protect yourself and also bring

bring an end to the pandemic will be to accept the vaccine that your. and with the new variant sutta are covered up this is the best way that we can protect ourselves and everyone else by really picking and choosing them and trying to decide which is the best vaccine will only delay that. will cause more problems in the future jeffrey as i was mentioning there dr fauci in the us has said that a minimum level of 75 percent is needed in order to be able to ensure that we're on top of covered 19 certainly in the u.s. but obviously across the world as well what are the risks do you think that enough people are going to hesitate to take a vaccine or indeed not take a vaccine the toll that we may not reach that 75 percent point that in fact we are going to elongate covered 19 for a much much longer period of time. but right now i think there is

a serious risk but i think there's even a bigger risk which is that we need to reach that 75 percent maybe even 80 percent of you know population vaccinated so-called community or herd immunity as quickly as possible because of the emergence of new variance and right now those variants are being relatively controlled by the vaccines except for the variant observed in south africa so that new variants emerge and there's a resistance to that actually means we have a serious problem so we need to reach that 7580 percent very very quickly and right now the global data than most studies are showing that it is a good likelihood that we will reach that percentage but you know that hasn't been studied in our countries and we already know now that their equity issues with them i income countries getting vaccinated faster the low income countries and while i understand that particularly now where the numbers are so low so i mean the european union and most countries haven't even accident 5 percent of the population

so it's hard to imagine you know passing on vaccines to low income countries we also need to remember that invariance emerged in those countries because no one is vaccinated and they start to spread it we go back to having to vaccinate everyone again or at the stores sell for the sake of do you think that there is a tipping point at which governments will be forced to make it mandatory to take any vaccine that is a valuable and what do you think that tipping point might be. if at all there is a tipping point for this particular thing to make one particular vaccine though mandatory i think that would be unethical in my viewpoint because the old wish to live in people have the right to choose but then they should choose responsibly like girl you mentioned before they cannot keep on reading for the vaccine of their choice and believe the anti-vaccination process but yes if at all new and new strains that are emerging and then you resistance starts to develop then yes government can put a cap and against all the privatization of vaccines and make it

a national aids program and then that can that is all you need to bring point on the conditions under which the government can make a certain vaccine mandatory the privatisation of vaccines need to be stopped that is the only real otherwise it is a complete on the fico thing to do so to impose a certain fact since the so didn't companies that actually on the public but yes like jeffrey mentioned if we reach the juncture of résistance then we will not have any option but we need to do it in a to go manner that is what is samantha it seems from what all 3 of you are saying that the fundamental problem is in the messaging that they people are looking at the wrong thing and the media is is basically propagating that we're looking at the wrong figures as we mentioned before we should be looking at the hospitalizations and the death tolls not the efficacy of weight if we're not going to get to a point where governments are forced to make taking a vaccine mandatory what incentives do you think people could be offered in order

to encourage them to take the vaccines. i think there's already been some incentives that i've been offered by the private sector and so being able to travel some airlines saying that they will last full backs nation before taking a flight. i think also set in venue's and. events will be asking for vaccination say it could be the case that there is not even the need for the public sector or the government to enforce vaccination is going to come about through those private into the engines jeffrey do you think that there's a risk that if that does happen then we're going to end up with a essentially a 2 tier society when it comes to vaccines and with the potential that that could create rifts within communities and rifts within societies because between those

who have not taken the vaccine for whatever reason and those who perhaps might be regarded as more privileged who have. it made in the short term some optimistic i hope is an end in sight maybe that for the next year or a year and a half there are limitations like samantha you know described. these could be then used for concerts this could be entering your country it could be trampled it could even be attending a school in person so there will be some decisions for the public sector to make as well but then i hope ultimately that we will. you know as a mini the virus and then we will go back to issues where it. is not as relevant because there will be it's very much virus in the community it's transmitted anyway. samantha how much does politics play a part in this because we one of the issues that they had in france with astra zeneca was that the president about your microphone had originally voice concerned

about the concerns about the effectiveness of the astra zeneca vaccine for people about 65 that situation in france has now been reversed but how much of an impact does the way that a politician approaches this have on whether or not people do get injected the politicians that have an unusual impact i think they have to be very careful about these kind of statements being made because it will affect behaviors and then it's very hard to reverse once you have said something in that particular example i would say that. misreported didn't help the situation and the media should also play their part in making sure that the stories they publish are curates and it's not enough to go back and correct misinformation that's already got out there it's there has to be checked and clear and accurate information to

begin with does the guy understand that promise and then from 0 to got injected himself and i think that was with the kovacs and virus did you notice a significant difference when he did that in uptick yes of course like in a country like my name yes heavily to remember magicks chile as you. a lot of influences there in my country so well you know as soon as my president my prime minister knowing of the locked backs needed there was a huge storage of people tweeting about it will sink pictures about it and along with it even the nurse who vaccinated and even she gained fame overnight so the influence is huge and i feel that is the kind of social responsibility that lies on the bill that issues to propagate the vaccines because what these c s d is in the media and it stays there for good. you know it is as i do agree that it has a huge impact and are late because of and those talking about incentives out like

to add that in india when we were discussing and then we were trying to go out to family planning and our huge population issue started giving incentives monetary incentives but people who agreed to surgically sterilize themselves males and females so we are in the process of implementing the sima vaccinations are concerned to give more neutrally incentives to the people of lower economic strata in order to increase the compliance because in the developing toward whole country like ours people will not hesitate to 20 any kind of intervention injection for that matter you get getting someone into a benefit in return for it so you know we should try new in a region please in order to increase the compliance for i want to thank all our guests samantha vanderslice geoffrey last address and the d.c. metro thank you too for watching you can watch this and all our previous programs any time by visiting our website al-jazeera dot com one for further discussion go to our facebook page that's facebook dot com fox last a.j.

inside story and you can also join the conversation on twitter we are at a.j. inside story from iraq matheson and the whole team here by for now thank our al gore. they captured the hearts of fans around the world but these footballers are unlike most obvious they fought hard. and put themselves on the line for something more important than the beautiful game footballing legendary cancer dot introduces 5

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organize a sham marriage and a financial and emotional cost but then he left me for a woman 33 years older than him marriage for sale on al-jazeera. hello there i'm mr hall at the top stories for you here on al-jazeera protest as a back on the streets across miasma a day after 38 people were killed in the west crackdown since the crew the u.n. says the actual death toll since the military seized power over a month ago may be much higher than reported scott height reports. like thousands of others just in nickname angel went out to protest on the streets of mandalay on wednesday less than 24 hours later people gathered for her.