just under water outages the last is here a volcano 1st erupted on friday and is expected to continue for weeks the government says most crops and livestock will be destroyed and 20000 people could be displaced for 4 months. there. is one goal for us masters tournament the 29 year old finished a shot ahead of the field after starting his final round of augusta national with a 4 shot lead it's his 1st tour win since 2070 he's the 1st japanese man to win a golfing major 5 times masters champion tiger woods says that would what impact the entire golfing world. your charges are always a whole robin a reminder of our top stories a power blackout at iran's a big nuclear facility has been described as an act of terrorism but israeli media

quoting an identified sources claim it was a cyber attack carried out by israel's intelligence services it comes at a time when iran and the u.s. are struggling to revive the 2015 nuclear deal laura rockwood is director of the open nuclear network that she things what happened at natanz wasn't a coincidence. in my view without a doubt if this is definitely not a coincidence and one thing you need to remember while it is. israel is the usual suspect in these events over the last few years one must be mindful that there are many opponents in many different corners to the resumption of their joint comprehensive plan of action not the least of which is from within iran itself so it certainly is not coincidental in my view but i think that both president rouhani and president biden are committed to trying to find a peaceful resolution to this issue. with almost 100 days to go before you take

your olympics japan has adopted strict to create a virus restrictions curfews that are in place on restaurants and businesses and large events have been limited to 5000 people trying to stop disease control officials says their locally produced vaccines are highly effective the center for disease control made the rare admission after one study found the sign of a job had a success rate of just above 50 percent polls have closed in peru for the 1st round of its presidential election the crowd of virus pandemic has overshadowed the vote turns of thousands of diet and have been at least 1600000 cases 18 candidates are running. and voting has also finished in ecuador's presidential runoff a tight race between leftist economist andreas are also a conservative banker william or lasso those are the headlines more news in half an hour inside story is next.

plucking people's minds into a computer brain chips are no longer a science fiction and can theoretically be used to treat several medical conditions so can brain computer interface is really transform people's lives and what could be the downside this is inside story. hello and welcome to the program i'm dead imagine being able to control your smartphone with your minds or being able to type using your thoughts instead of

your thumbs or tesla c.e.o. elon musk says that could soon become a reality particularly for people with. his brain chip start up neural link has just enabled a monkey to play a video game by thinking they did it by embedding 2 chips on each side of the animal's brain to record his mind activity and this part of the experiment they were trained to move a joystick data sent to the computer was then used to allow the monkey to control the stick just by thinking about moving its hands up or down while near a link uses a technology called. brain computer interface it reads brain activity and can also communicate information back to the brain it's been around for a while but neural links big advance is making it wireless rather than a direct connection now it's 1st commercial products will allow people with piro says to use smartphones it could also. will be used to help cure a brain conditions like alzheimer's disease on the company's basilan must believes

that it could one day allow telepathic communication without the need for spoken words. so a lot to discuss with our guests let's bring them in joining us from utrecht is nick ramsey was a professor in cognitive neuroscience at the university of attract and then master of the root and they peña who's an assistant professor of digits on legal studies at master university thanks for joining us welcome to the program nicole start with you how significant is this latest reveal from their link it's very interesting from an engineering point if you will i think that made it amazing tiny defies that does a lot more than currently faces can but the rest of the story is basically showing that you can they can do what we've been able to do for 20 years. so it's you know the monkey being able to play again is not a big surprise we have 2030 people implanted with the faces that could do. better

than that but you know i think what he shows is that at least edifies works right in what he seems to be new as well is that it is wireless so does that change where technology is headed and is that a big deal in your opinion now you know we have wireless devices for the last. 78 years the big difference is that the number of electrodes the number of sensors that it can serve is a lot higher and that really a lot harder to base we have fully implanted now it's about 64 electrodes sensors and i think he has over the sawzall or 2000 in that type x. that's really amazing it's engineering feat. i wonder if you can weigh in on the technological advancements and how you would write it. he has so my background is more cloned illegal and technology right which month we're going to get into a little bit later but then just give me your reaction to what you've seen come out

of this video yeah i mean it is fascinating to see how far we've become but i agree with nick that some of these advancements we already saw in research paper so from engineering perspective it's wonderful to see that we can do it right now so is it more of a hype than in your opinion ruta. oh no i mean we do have to take into account. the hype that comes with that discuss think technology full advancements and even must also own social media so there's a big head around it but it is an advancement as well. you are working with 2 patients yourself from what i understand currently using brain computer interface tell us about the aim there and what you're hoping to achieve so i know the field has been implanting people for almost 20 years and we implanted her 1st patient 5 an act years ago she's a less she has a less she's locked in this means that she can barely communicate she can still

move her eyes a little bit but not that much and she we decided to go for an implant that's fully implantable and it works at home and mind you many scientists before us have shown that you can decode gray signal she could interpret braces if you can figure out roughly what someone wants to do. but we decided to make a little simpler. have a fully implanted device that no wire sticking out and that would work at home and as a really big difference from the lab most of the systems that are more advanced they they work in a lab but you have a team of scientists and big external computers to make it work which is not feasible for at home and we have a system that works 24 hours a day and the only disadvantage is it's only a click so the patients can or do users and basically click make mouse clicks and then they can use software that's commercially available for people with

disabilities or. like people that are. have an uncontrollable movement and they use a switch or a chin switch. and that so what we proved is that it really works at home that they can decode the signal reliably enough because what you can do in a lab. showing that you couldn't you know make an arm movement everything doesn't mean it works at all because people are distracted all the time and there's so many occasion that if in the lab you know you can move an hour if you're at home or you're distracted that the the r. is going to go all over the place because that your brain does more than just control the hour but in a lab you're completely focused on moving your arm and nothing else when you're at home that's one of the few different things going on so it's the additional challenge and what does a one hour of them of the challenges that i think that have come with this. this

a couple want is the reliability it's it's very difficult to have the system respond to the very only when a person wants to quite often if you know the computer response well the patient doesn't want to do anything that's that's very irritating another big challenge is to get more sophisticated information so where we really want to go is to decode attempted speech that sounds a lot quicker but when people are completely paralyzed they can't move their facial muscles they can't talk what we think we can do is if we have you know 100 or maybe a 1000 sensors we only have 4 an hour in our patients. we might be able to have a computer say well that the user of the science trying to say so we basically pick up the signals from the brain that you generate to try to speak but those signals don't reach the muscle so there's no movement but those electrical signals

are there the brain and we should be able to see them that's for the next i think 1020 years we're going to be really working hard on trying to figure out how to decode what a person's trying to say that that's going to beat you challenge. ok retard one of the apologies they are one of the statements that the law in moscow has made is that he said the initial goal of the projects such as these is to enable people with quadriplegia to control a computer or a smartphone using just their thoughts but then he also did go on to say that the he seeks to enable humans to merge with artificial intelligence giving people super human intelligence so do you think this type of technology is intended for medical treatment or will we see it evolve into human invention and hansen's yeah that is a very interesting question and also an interesting path for development because at

the moment even with the experiments with. all of the applications says it is that focused with helping people with central. you know. the central diseases at the same time it is worrying to think about what if this technology becomes commercially available so what if we created and how uncertain reasoning skills and who it will be made available so is it available for everyone is it available organized better and it believes questions really create more in the equality considerations and also ethical concerns yeah we'll get into the ethical concerns as well but nick do you agree with that assessment and also the assessments from the royal society which is a group in the u.k. the u.k.'s national science academy in fact one says that b.c. i could be on the verge of explosive growth i think at 1st it will be for medical purposes not was for people that are locked in on you know years to come it will be

for people who have had a brace stroke like bleeding in the brain and they and they can't talk or whatever i think this will be really interesting to make their lives more dignified. and. people who don't. need one i think it's a very high. hurdle to get because you are getting someone to tinker with your bread you do need a surgeon to put it in there no matter how small it is and you know in my experience people are very hesitant even people that are paralyzed they are free has to have anyone taken with their brain because that's the most important thing in your body you can set you can suffer a lot of other ailments but your brain if something goes wrong or memory or confusion everybody fears that the most so i think it will be quite a challenge and it will have to show that or really bring something extra and

that's that's going to take decades i mean it is a sign engineering feat but there's no way that that you know near a link is going to suddenly reveal how to brain works well millions of scientists have been trying to figure it out for for many decades they will hit the send limit we just don't know enough about the brain to be able to make it work the way that ylem thinks it should work so i admired his idea but i see you know our hurdles way beyond a lot of hurdles beyond the technical challenges and again it is an amazing feat to put like sars and so happy parts in a tiny little discus and start a medically speaking medically snuka is probably right so medically speaking what are the risks because obviously as you're saying safety is a top priority always the device and he's to be were proof because the brain fluid

will be in contact with that if ice it's capsulated in titanium whatever but if the liquid leaks in it can also transport chemicals out and we don't know what micro quantities of electronic chemicals do to the. brain that might kill you in 20 years' time there are those are really high standards that we are here to are that's there's a lot of developments as knurling much much less sophisticated but they never reach people because they don't meet the standards the 2nd thing is the sensors it's again amazing technology they're here they were put in there with the big you know sewing machine that they built but we don't know how long they stay intact what if they deteriorate how long to do how long you know is it worth an implant if they're of only last 5 years because then the brain liquid said eat an adult because that's what the brain liquids do they eat up stuff that's alien to them up to the brain.

what comes out of those electronics electrodes what is going to leak into the brain are they going to break those are all things that we need to worry about not for the short term but you really don't want to risk someone having severe problems 10 years after you reply to it because these things are not easy to take out. on the issue of human and handsome and i mean there is an estimate that says the expected market value off this industry is at $1720000000.00 and that's by 2022 so for a lot of companies that may be interested in this there is huge potential is that something that worries you and what sort of privacy and security issues would this rain. yes the investments fairly they've followed the technological developments some not really surprised to hear that there is so much interest and this

technology but a lot of worries come with that so i think the 2 areas of law that would be most affected is criminal law if we think about responsibility and human capabilities for controlling their mind and actions so what if you now don't have this interview dearie of a machine that could alter some of the states and then the other thing that you mentioned about the privacy and data protection so these devices gather data directly from your brain and at the moment. there's a lot of discussion about data protection online on the internet and certain apps and your phone that you have quite a lot of control over whereas when it comes to our brains and mind we really don't know enough and we can't control enough what information is given away and how is it used afterwards as to what purposes are used for that what sort of regulation is there around this issue if any at all. so

i would say at the moment there is a vegan to relate that when it comes to implanted devices and brain development there is protection when it comes to product liability and medical devices such but at the moment we don't really have enough specific regulation that would focus on that is implanted in humans so there is a gap there and when it comes to data protection again g.d.p. art that is really privacy concerns and data protection in europe it doesn't specifically address these kind of questions why do you think that is why is there a lack of regulation. yeah that well it's i think it's in the tourist lee. said that regulation always lags behind development and technology and at the moment there is progress in developing laws about ai. protection and liability at the same time ai include so many different aspects that it really goes

into almost all areas of law and it's such a huge task that it is going to take us much longer make someone who works in b.c. i do you think that it needs regulation. i think i think. what was said is correct we don't really know why it's not there it's because there's nobody in plaid skirts just not common yet. i think an additional part is the responsibility issue so we do get in the area of robotics and automated few quibbles but they brain implant it interprets a wish and what if the wish is you know who says it is it let's say ever wheel chair even if you control a wheelchair with your d.c.i. and you hit someone in need and you hurt someone who is responsible is that the wheelchair or the technology because clearly they didn't quite interpret you

correctly or is it the is the user because he didn't get the right instruction these are these are pretty complicated fields where human behavior gets in tangled in intelligent the machinery and the who is responsible is one issue that we have to deal with threats in our day our users our patients we do not allow them to control mechanical devices because that it's just too risky even if we trust the system quite hot quite well but it's still too risky and i think that's going to be more and more complicated and it's quite a challenge to get that. handled legally but i think a lot of the things that go for ai robot x. they apply to b.c. i am not and i'm not sure you need a separate kind of legal. domain for this what about the risk. you touched upon this just a moment ago but the risk off people's brains being hacked is that

realistic. yeah well i'm not entirely sure how red is realistic that is a link specifically for the implants but there have been a lot of data breaches in the last few years where a lot of personal information has been leaked so if personal a sensitive information such as your address or name is leaked it is really difficult to replace that and at the moment we don't really have enough scenarios what if some of your brain states what if some of your thoughts are leaked because that is very sensitive data and for legal when we really want to protect that yeah that's the thing i mean will break data can it actually be bought and sold like people's information is now online yeah i don't really have an answer to that question but it is worrying and it's something we should consider before this acknowledge is made available ok and they how do we prepare for this future of this

future of b.c. eyes. i don't think we should prepare i think there's a lot of work that that's ahead of us with the better technology i really hope we get the current device available provided it's safe i don't know. but once we're there and once we know how much we can extract from graeme. that's a that's a set where you know we can sink about what consequences are inferences people think that those devices can read to mind or sauce or notions there is there is no indication whatsoever that we're going to be near good enough anywhere in the next decades because the simple thing is the brain has 100000000000 little cells that will do their own say getting crap together to be able to make sense out of what's happening in the brain it's very distributed would happen in the you know

hundreds of millions of sensors and i don't know how we're going to put those in the ground there are reports however there are reports that facebook itself is developing a b c i implant that does read brain activity i wonder if you know anything about the . i would i don't know that they do brain implants they're really geared towards noninvasive like helmets or things like that i don't see how they can do anything more surprising that what iran is doing i think he's the head off. the field in terms of the number of neural electrodes and the number of sensors but he says sensors 3000 been there in like a few square millimeters of the brain and the brain is a lot larger than that so i don't see any technology implant or not implant that's going to get anywhere close to what we need to start thinking about you know reading minds and everything which i think for me and my colleagues it's not

a target we don't there's there's no reason for this and the only thing that we carried out from the brain is the part of the brain that's used to you know control your muscles and pretty much anything else in the brain is extremely difficult to to interpret. moments ago you were mentioning that this can lead to an equal and sort of divided societies if this type of technology is only accessible to some i wonder if you can just flesh out that argument for us. yes so here i was thinking more about really long term development of this technology because some of the claims that iran is making that he would want to access some of these thoughts maybe record some of the memories that we have or possibly enhance the reasoning of some human beings so i believe that if such technology is only available to people who can pay for it that could further. just develop

a net inequalities are ready in society so that could be a huge problem and i know the both of you are speaking to us from the netherlands but so over in the u.s. any sort of human trials needs to get f.d.a. approval so. would this industry face significant hurdles do you think when it comes to getting grosser regulatory approval from the f.d.a. . so that really depends i feel the f.d.a. is taking this novel to roche though they have given their missions for it experiments long taken the monkeys but it will take years because we also have to think about long term impact of this technology so there will be particles but i don't see that it would be possible that it would get approval for this so do you agree with him on moscow when he said that near a link would start human trials by the end of 2020 which is the sear is that a significant target ruta. i do think that is too optimistic but

then again we don't know the full story of what's happening behind the scenes but 202020 is very early and do you see the human trials starting by the end of this year or this year i think it's possible it's only need to prove to the f.d.a. is that it's you know there is there is no harm done to animals for these 6 months or something like that the f.d.a. is much more inclined to help these studies that call them safety in a fix if safety in a fix a sikh tests. they are going to book in europe it's extremely difficult to do that because there is no f.d.a. it's all they'll get it to the governments of europe and some european rules. i think the we're not going to have that many developments in europe they're all going to be in the u.s. because they have a special program that expedites the development of human brain implants and technology there will be some casualties some people that get harmed but this what

the the f.d.a. gives permission for to say will test your device in a human after you've shown it safe and hamels and from there you go further and those studies typically last maybe 6 months maybe years own and it's supposed to be exploited. yeah i think it's possible if it's you know to get approval with the f.d.a. says. if you have a lot of fun and say you could test the nationals real quick and you don't have to change to device based on that because then you have to go back to the animals test again if the paperwork is right you have enough people to make it right the paperwork then the end of 6 years should be he's ok thank you so much we'll leave it there in the ground say thanks for joining us live peanut thank you so much and thank you for watching you can always see the program and again any time by visiting our website al-jazeera dot com for further discussion you can go to our facebook page that's facebook dot com forward slash a day inside story and you can also join the conversation on twitter our handle is

a day inside story from myself and the whole team thanks for watching the life and . a passion for supporting local communities. and pioneering enough to tip african science and technology projects how his child beautiful. glorious are all of us on this planet not just africa al-jazeera front as a leading by a chemist determined to use his scientific knowledge to say africa women make

science from the lab to the field on al-jazeera. the story goes that the statue of an ancient greek god he beat the waves for millenia. until a palestinian fisherman on earth the priceless relic. the story continues but as the world's attention was drawn to. mysteriously the day it disappeared once again. the apolo of ca's. on the jersey. for did rémy to send them well enough families to pain is unbearable for of their relatives were killed last week during a military operation ordered by the venezuelan government security forces accused them of being part of a colombian rebel group and said they died in combat but neighbors and family members insist they were innocent taken from their homes and executed under

pressure been as well as the defense minister vladimir by breena said the armed forces were open lige to defend their country from the regular groups but added that human rights needed to be respected and that the events at the border would be investigated. your charges are of means the whole robin in doha remind of our top news stories a power blackout at iran's main nuclear facility has been described as an act of terrorism but israeli media coating unidentified sources claims it was a cyber attack carried out by israel's intelligence services it's happened today after iran and the events you raney of centrifuges is at the site and when iran and the u.s. are struggling to revive the 2015 nuclear deal mark fitzpatrick is a former.