while the confrontation between the opposition and the government continues the lives of millions are caught in the middle threatened by kidnappings and violence that seem to be getting out of control. and deceit and. this is al jazeera and these are the headlines former italian interior minister bhutto servian he has been ordered to stand trial the right wing league party leader has been charged with kidnapping in a case involving a ship carrying refugees and migrants 2019 or a challenge has more from london. the open on the ship the spanish and your ship that's the one where the judge has said that yes this is it there is a case for solving it so onset and this should go to war to trial a week ago in the other one the great iraqi prosecutor a state prosecutor said actually no there isn't a case to answer and the shouldn't go towards trial that has yet to be ruled on by

a judge to decide whether it will or not go to trial and that will happen in a few weeks time no salvini i'm self said at the time he was only doing what was in it at least national interest 3000000 people have now died of covert 19 around the world the united states has the highest number of deaths followed by brazil india and france are among those grappling with severe eye breaks and most countries have seen repeated delays in their vaccination efforts iran says it has identified the suspects it says targeted its main nuclear facility state t.v. is reporting the man fled the country before the attack on the natanz plants last sunday eritrea has admitted its troops are fighting in ethiopia's northern t gray region it's the 1st time the horn of africa nation has explicitly acknowledged its role in the conflicts both governments said previously denied their presence contradict in testimony from aid workers refugees and residents the

u.n. says the eritrean forces have committed atrocities britain's prince philip has been laid to rest in the royal vaulted windsor castle which you can read and read died at the age of 99 last week 30 cos while family members were able to attend the private ceremony because of coronavirus restrictions. ukraine is expelling a russian diplomats after ukrainian diplomats was detained in st petersburg russia accuses as xander a source a nuke of trying to taint classified information and has ordered him home ukraine rejects all the allegations and large numbers of people have rallied in chicago in support of a teenager the teen a boy who was shot dead by police and rage to the shooting of a young black american man by police near minneapolis and those are the headlines inside story is up next.

the end of an era after 6 decades of a castro's cuba gets a new leader will it bring change what about relations with the u.s. this is inside story. hello and welcome to the show i'm sam is a than for the 1st time in 60 years cuba will not have a castro at the helm 89 year old the old castro is relinquishing his position as

head of the communist party under the banner of continuity and unity he says he wants to pass the baton to a younger generation raul and his late brother fidel began their leadership of cuba after the communist revolution in 1959 as he now heads into retirement role leaves the country wracked by the economic effects of coronavirus and u.s. sanctions and flickers of dissent will bring in our panel shortly but 1st this report from our latin america editor newman. not even the pandemic could prevent cuba's 8 communist party congress from proceeding exactly as planned but raul castro's confirmation that he was stepping down was nonetheless historic. my task as the 1st secretary of the central committee of the communist party of cuba concludes with the satisfaction of having done my duty and confidence in the future of the fatherland. nevertheless peculation that the last of the castro

brothers to rule cuba might retire from politics entirely was quickly to rest. i have reached the meditated conviction not to accept offers of any other top party position but i will remain in the party as one of the revolutionary combatant making my humble contribution till the end of my days. i will castro used most of his opening speech to repeat accusations that the united states is tightening an economic news around cuba to sabotage its companies and monetary reforms impose chaos and to provoke a social uprising. this was a thinly veiled reference to an increase in demonstrations and expressions of political dissent in cuba. coincides with an acute economic crisis and scarcity of primary goods. while i live i will be ready to continue fighting for the country

and socialism with the most strength than ever let's shout together long live a free cuba the. crown castro ended perhaps for the last time with the slogan point to his brother fidel. fatherland or death as cuba's communist party prepares to face an uncertain future without a castro at the helm you see in human al-jazeera. well at all gaston is in half an hour with more on how cubans are reacting to roll castro stepping down. what does raul castro's retirement mean for ordinary cubans all the sectors of the population are broadly supported by the government particularly those that lived through the huge improvements in health care education public safety that were ushered in by the cuban revolution in the 1960 s. but for 30 years this island has been living through a slow drawn out economic and social crisis and there's

a younger generation that's demanding more that we need only the 1st thing i'd change is i'd get rid of the blockade so that the spire of this country would change that although when the revolution trials to did a lot for society schools hospitals and there were other things that went backwards housing trade. for me the customers legacy is that there is free education and healthcare and we should be grateful for that and i must tell you that we have serious problems with freedom of expression most cubans are scared to express themselves because they are scared of reprisals all that the police have them in the streets although they take them away in a police car because they won't know the real problems we have humans are living through the most serious economic crisis since the fall of the soviet union the sign is being lashed not only by the pandemic but also by powerful new sanctions of the communist regime put in place improving the economy is the island's main political challenge but the mood here in havana is that more than anything any

cuban leader can do improve the economic future hopes and dreams run through improved relations with the united states. let's get the thoughts of our guests now joining us in washington d.c. philip brenner professor emeritus in the school of international service at the american university in washington d.c. philip is also the co-author of cuba liberate a 500 year quest for independence in have an a cube or we're joined by ambassador carlos right he's the former cuban ambassador to the european union and in. miami john suarez executive director of the center for a free cuba welcome to all if i could start with carlos so does the change in leadership ambassador carlos mean a greater chance now of political change in the country. well i think it's

you have to understand that this change in leadership has been going on for more than 10 years since the old castro to go over us president the 1st secretary of the queue in communist party he announced there would be a transition from what i call a generational differences general power there have been changes in a number of things for example the there is a new hue and constitution that was approved in 2019 which changed the system towards a more collective leadership kind of system but it remains basically the socialist type of system where the single party and and. basic control of food the political process by the cuban communist party but we have now a broader democratic debates on cuba as a matter of fact all the main documents today existing and this side and said the

pattern over cuba is moving where broadly discussed by the cuban says and ship and approve only after that discussion so we are we are in a bit of change in the broad sense of continuity from what. they were the 60 years of ok of the 2 brothers being the major political figure more in let's bring john in john listening to that cuba has been undergoing political change for the last 10 years said the ambassador and now there is greater perhaps scope for discussion of change how excited are you. unfortunately not terribly excited and if we see what's taking place with dissidents one example is the santa syndrome movement the 27 n. movement that has been experiencing some severe repression over the last few months not much real gentlemen heard in various us into the protests in november by well

started at least and the requests and also and also the agreement and also an agreement initially with the minister of culture for a dialogue which was then broken by the minister and i actually ended up physically assaulting some of these demonstrators a couple months later but to the ambassador's point of a transition what's been taking place has been a succession 1st from fidel to raul castro and i believe it may not be formal this time but a succession from raul castro to a new generation of castro leaders most prominently i'll handle castro spain why to i bring up his name there handle castro. then lieutenant colonel back in 2014 was the main person who negotiated the normalization of relations between the united states and cuba he also organized the visit of vladimir putin in that same time period and today colonel castro he's part of the ministry of the interior continues

to be an important force dissin so describing him as the one who's pulling the strings in cuba now roll castro even though he's stepping down will still have i believe a veto over what takes place in the country for some time whoever replaces him as the head of the communist party of the last name isn't castro will have to respond to both role and alejandro castro in what is actually done let me bring in ambassador for a quick come back on that particular on the point ambassador this is seems to be the widespread assumption among some at least that at all castro will continue to pull the strings behind only some strings behind the scene. i think he will turn into the elder person to be consulted on very specific and concrete issues but the main lines of what the government is going to do are already in paper the guidelines for the transformation of the q economic system the cost of dilution

they cause have dolly sejour now let me correct an idea that was thrown in by john alexander castro dots on a coup by any post and the structure of the government as a matter of fact. right now i don't personally have talked to him he he is waiting for an us simon says he was replace as head of the national security. council of the equivalent of the national security council of cuba so i think he is not in form he should get better information or i'll give john a quick can i give you 10 seconds for bring philip in yes very very quickly what i said was not formally in a position but one who exercises power the fact of the matter is it wasn't theirs canel or anyone in a high position who negotiated the normalization of relations between the united states and cuba it was lieutenant colonel 100 cross to respond to look those negotiations secretly from 2013 forward with the united states that indicates to me

a person in important position all right so i think you've both made albeit informally good points on that one let's shift things a little bit and talk perhaps to philip about miguel diaz can now he becomes 1st secretary of the communist party but he's not an unknown in the world of politics he's in fact the cuban president what do we know about his political inclinations philip and where he might stand when it comes to political reform. well 1st it's very important to recognize that what's going on today and this weekend is a party congress and really. that raul castro was that he worked very assiduously to separate the party from the government and so that we killed the as can i was elected president 2018 and so there will be other obvious continuity and the government the government in effect takes its direction

from the party but i think we can make too much of this change party leadership are. so what do we know about me yes q no he was is an engineer he was a regional party leader and then was brought to a banner in an effort to rejuvenate the party in a. in the central part of the party and he was minister of higher education and then became vice president. essentially waiting in the wings become president of as president he has been somewhat cautious although there have been some major changes already this year there in the one awaited change in the dual currency has been it now implemented there under me guilty as can now there is this new constitution it was raul castro had it

constitutional commission but the is to now is the president and we have a new customer but as ambassador said cherice power. they and so those are a significant reforms he is someone who is not on it illogical he is someone who tries to do things almost like an engineer and sometimes that misses the human element i. i think that's the biggest complaint about we will go he lacks a kind of charisma. of intuitive understanding of politics but it's not an idealogue that's going to be interesting to see then how he's going to relate to a younger generation ever can take this question back to ambassador carlos we saw protests in november do you think that this current leadership is going to be

able to manage expectations or do you think there's a chance we might see protests emerge once again. ok let me let me let me answer by this i think i think let's let's not put too much on this demonstrations they existed i don't think they were handled as they should have been handled i have been on the record as criticizing the way the ministry of culture and the ministry of the interior and the the demonstrations but this this are not you know huge events they are rather limited events you what what you have to focus on is on the thousands of cubans who are right now fight the the the main battle that cuba has today which is bank wishing the pun d.b.i. they covered the 70 countries the world cuba is dealing with that there are certainly has its ongoing in the last but it also has a lot of say working on the when we look at the fact that the san isidro movement

existed for water around 2 years. isn't something worth taking no tolls can we not say that there is at least the sanction of the younger generation that once more plurality in the country this is not a a microscopic phenomenon i am not saying it is said by crow scopic i am not saying that they are there are not being. wrong reactions to the to the diversity of q well what i am pointing out is that exactly that q is diverse it's not the question of the government confronting sang it's either all or d $27.00 and there are many other actors has a better fact for example when 27 and happen about 30500 electoral joined the demonstration for a station in front of the ministry of culture when they tried the same thing again in january simply nobody appeared because they didn't have the reason to

appear because there have been a parallel discussion of which for example i have been part. in which we are discussing these issues so what are the other hand you have all the people who are working to make the pun disappear and these are supporters of the government obviously they are not against the government they are doing and here there is one example of the government doing something very well indeed working on deep on the on the basis health scientific advice on the basis of what the health people are telling them what they should do and all the other hand there was the the badly managed situation we sang you see that all. and it was the 7 n. . sides confronting each other the many sided many sided political situation in which everybody is putting something let me bring john

into the discussion fuel perspective on this point how easy is it going to be to keep power centered within the communist party when the leader is no longer the leader no longer has the the revolutionary credentials that legend status of the castros. well i think very simply while raul castro is still alive and also other members of the historic generation continue in high post in office they'll be able to do that the question will be as was the case with fidel castro's death if there be some sort of psychological break with raul castro's death and that's why you see this 10 year process of the norman club and the castro's trying to manage those aspect expectations with this succession model but i'd like to return very quickly to what the ambassador was saying about the pandemic pen demick and specifically the fact that there are questions

throughout the past 3040 years of how the cuban government has responded to past epidemics covering them up locking up doctors like dr does he then goes back in 9798 who warned about a gang get a demo when people were dying we also saw that there was a lack of reporting during a sikh epidemic in 20162017 we're receiving reports now that the situation in cuba with regards to cope in 1000 is much worse that's one bit than what has been reported with official numbers i think everyone is concerned about defeating code 19 globally and also within cuba but in addition to that the face honestly my government. has done better than some of the neighboring regional countries you know contain we don't know because they date in 20162017 those claims were made about the epidemic that broke out in the region and then in 2019 we found out because of tourists who'd been infected by sica in cuba through contact trace studies that cuba had done as badly as everybody else in the region so my suspicion

is ok if we see that for example the dominican republic has 4000 dead that's probably much closer to what the accurate with the real numbers into but not the numbers provided a fish i think i can only what but one white anything i want to say can hold up very briefly is that directions if you. many terry made by n.g.o.s and by the cuban diaspora has been blocked during this time of economic hardship in cuba and that's on the cuban government ok let me give the colace a chance to come in quickly. please in 30 seconds if you want to come back in on some of those points before we move to further well i think john has put some isolated incidents as the rule you know i live in cuba i every morning at 9 o'clock i watch television because the head of have baby ology at the ministry of public health gives a broad information of what's happening how many cases where are the cases where

are the main incidents what the government is doing every day the working group of the council of ministers handling this meeting and it's shown on television how do they discuss with the governors of the provinces so and there is broad information leaked or national committee or and here john is confused see what he said in miami what the american government does the the american government has really increased the embargo the sank shows during the pun the bia that that should be condemned even by cuban americans in my ok you made a good point and i thought lou in government we will have 8 thank you we need to move on let me try to bring philip into the discussion and asked the question whatever happens well 1st of all for the by so you are shaking your head do you want to get in on some of what was said before we move on. well i agree with president zuma right that john is taking a few incident every government under states that the response to cohen.

sometimes intentionally sometimes unintentionally there is no evidence that cuba is to liberate we hiding what's going on in fact they have an extraordinary record in this case checking people and they've developed a vaccine that looks like maybe it helpful to the rest of the world ok and then we got we must absolutely now move on to ok 10 seconds john john i'll give you 10 seconds go then you get and then they have done this was eco they have done this with david that done this with cholera in 98 in 2012 and beyond 2620 something in terms of ok reporting were all right you made your point jockeys from speaking out all right you made it home we must move on to talk about economics philip whatever happens with politics is it fair to say economic reform must absolutely be stepped up by desk i know the economy contracted 11 percent in 2020. so

cuba's largest problem is that it doesn't export but now it doesn't have a way of bringing in hard currency which is what you need in order to be able to buy on the international market to cuba imports 2 thirds of its food that's crazy now for agricultural country surrounded by fish and water it should not be importing much speech but at this point it needs to find ways of getting hard currency not only to change its agricultural system but to import food and so it's trying to do that it's trying to open up more to foreign investment ending that dual currency will purge that it's now allowing cuban americans to invest all right we in europe we've got a minute left now sorry for that let me try and give the final minute then to the ambassador and also this question does cuba have an alternative to widening the

scope of private business and capitalism if it needs as phillips had more of foreign investment it has it has it house and model that was approved over the last 10 years the main problem has been implementation of the model because there has been how not to stay as the faithful to communism if it's widening up to capitalism. it's going towards what both of the world has which he said makes that got me here that that i think is a baby brother and we certain parts of the cuban style bridge when they think of socialists and that's only they old economy whereas what what all are experiments in china area down there will trade that you have to go to where it makes that quarter we there is a lot of upper edge in. the risk of what would would be to open up the private sector allow investment private investment allow private

investment by cuban americans which was that was. recently or a lot there is this resistance from the bureaucracy and this sort of system from the party ideologues or go forward and it has been approved castro said it himself yesterday or i'm afraid he has beaten city all that and this is the problem we have already i'm afraid we are at a time so i know this is been a really interesting discussion i wish we had more time but we do need to thank all of our guests at this point look for perhaps to continue this in and of a show that's thank philip brenna thomas and so guy and john suarez and thank you for watching you can see the show again any time by visiting our website al-jazeera dot com for further discussion head over to our facebook page that's facebook dot com forward slash a.j. inside story you can also join the conversation on twitter our handle various a.j. inside story from me sam is

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a quite complex story from mainstream to street journalism and maybe objective is to get beat me to send it to the wall to shoot what's going on exposing real world threats to objective it's often of on the returns from astarte $11000.00 people who were arrested for the listening post covers louis news discovered on a jersey it. came from the countryside to cairo and became part of a. team to say this is a different role be in the dorman al-jazeera world meets the man you've been keeping a close eye on residential life in the big cities for decades but who may now be passing into history. will see the movie he wasn't normal but he's now managed by a security company the doorman of egypt on al-jazeera. that in america is a region of wonder laws tragedy and violence but it doesn't matter where you are

you'll have to be in the pool related to the human condition. only. because the like and it's my job to shed light on how and why. i think this is al-jazeera. hello there i'm how he had seen it with the al-jazeera news are coming to you live from doha coming up in the next 60 minutes 3000000 people have now died from covert 19 we'll look at some of the regional hotspots that are causing along. an italian judge or just the former interior minister of the need to stand.