production is a problem as well. africa manufactures only one percent of the vaccines being given to its population of more than a 1000000000 people as well. you have them make the developing countries on, in the last, in the queue actually to receive the vaccine. so therefore, this huge momentum to become more self sufficient in that action supply, zika also ponds to make pop up vaccination plants known as fill and finish stations, which can be quickly assembled anywhere in the world. the throne of virus is just part of the focus with measles, killing tens of thousands of children every year. but collaboration with the coven vaccine produces would be a big 1st step suite and has played a large part in the cove at 19 vaccination campaign. truth involvement with astrazeneca, but while the distribution of vaccines has tended to favor the rich, the development of a dry powder vaccine in sweden could make the global fight against disease more widespread and warfare. pole reef out is era loaned,

sweeten. ah, hello again. the headlines on al jazeera, prominent checks are rough residence man on curtis has been released. officer is really forces arrested her and occupied east jerusalem on sunday. police fired stun grenades to disperse protesters outside of police station, calling for her release. with the honey it has more from occupied east jerusalem. mona has been released. she has emerged from that police station. we still don't know if her twin brother mohammed is also released or will be released shortly. now, is really not clear what the charges are so far. we'll have to hear from her what happened inside. but the lawyer told us that she was accused of inciting public unrest, which really is a big umbrella term that could mean anything. al jazeera correspondence nash,

one city was also hit by shrapnel from one of the stung grenades fired by is really forces outside the police station in western luisel. and she was reporting on the protest calling for the release of palestinian activists of shift started off. meanwhile, i'll just recall responding. giovanni godaddy has left hospital. she'd been receiving treatment for a fracture and her hand sustained during her rest by is really forces on saturday. and today it is accused of harassing is really forces and not presenting her credentials. allegations of both. she and al jazeera deny voters in peru are casting their ballots in a presidential run off one candidate as a leftist, the other, a right wing, politician, and daughter of a former leader jailed for human rights abuses. the vote is predicted to be a close contest. mexicans are heading to the polls or the country's biggest ever election. voters are choosing members of the lower house, the congress state governors, as well as thousands of local politicians,

more news. so at the top of the hour after inside story news, news, news, news lists of us as individuals pay tax, but many big companies don't. lunmark ceiling to stop corporate tax dodging sheets of nations agreed to set a minimum rate. will it for the multi nationals to pay that? sure. and who will benefit the inside story? ah, ah.

hello and welcome to the program on the hill robin. do business in one country, shift the profits to an offshore haven and pay little or no corporate tax. it's controversial, but the world's biggest companies have been doing this for years. now. the g 7 group of so called advanced economies, the leading industrial nations are trying to stop the practice. it's agreed to set a minimum corporate tax rate of 15 percent. some of the multinational funds targeted include amazon, facebook, and google. not they've been criticized for exploiting global tax loopholes while reaping huge profits, not least during the pandemic that will bring in our guests in a moment. but 1st, this report from the barker in london tax randy gets pulses racing. but after 2 days of master mass talks in london, a commitment by g 7, finance ministers to for some of the riches companies in the world into paying their fair share. well, i'm delighted to announce that today of the dears of discussion g 7,

finance ministers have reached a historic agreement to reform the global tax system to make it fit for the global digital age. but crucially, to make sure that it's fast, many countries a desperate to plug holes in their finances caused by the cobra 1900 pandemic. while many nations have been thinking deeper into debt, the pandemic was a windfall. a big tech company, such as amazon and google, the raked in huge profits by the moment companies build on the earnings in the countries where they operate. but this old way of doing things is no longer fit for purpose, largely because it's exploited widely by multinational companies that operate in various different competing pack zones. all they need to do is declare their profits where the tax is that its lowest or indeed whether no tax is a tool and it's all completely legal. but g 7 finance been to say now's the time to level the playing field by introducing

a flat 15 percent rate on businesses to help pay back and demick debt that global minimum tax with in the race to the bottom. corporate taxation and ensure fairness because the middle class and working people in the us and around the world, tex evasion, will be more difficult for big companies all over the world. and this is a good message for the people of our countries. and especially the big tech guy and giant's where you have to pay their fair share. google that's been bracing for a global tax hike for some time. so they strongly supported the work being done to update international tax rules. and in hopes countries continue to work together to ensure a balance endurable agreement will be finalized soon. well, facebook said it wanted the international tax reform process to succeed, while recognizing it could mean paying more tax in different places. the big challenge now comes, we're getting enough economies on board to make the plan work, including countries such as island,

where low corporate tax rates have entice several big businesses, including google to build a european headquarters there was good for the g. 7 may not satisfy all talks, will continue at the g 20 summit. later this year. the broker, i'll just sarah london. let's look at why tech firms such as amazon, google, and facebook have been accused of dodging taxes while all have the headquarters in the united states. amazon report to the profit of $20000000000.00 in america last year. it paid 9 percent of that in taxes. well below the official corporate rate of 21 percent, it's european division based in luxembourg, paid no corporate taxes at all. in 2017 google was accused of moving nearly $23000000000.00 to a shower company in bermuda to reduce its foreign tax bill. and last year, the us tax agency sued facebook to clawback $9000000000.00 an unpaid taxes. but the trial was council due to the pandemic. the

spring in august for this edition of inside story in athens, we have mark rubenthal stakes and for the tax justice network in the future at nigeria, mr. far dudu is executive director of the african center of the tax and governance . and in new haven, thomas pocky, professor of philosophy and politics at yale university and all of global tax fairness. welcome gentlemen. all to the program, mr. paul, can i come to you 1st in new haven? the g 7 seems to be banging their own drug that they've achieved and agreed in principle on leveling, tax loopholes. i mean, are they thinking their own praises far too early? well, it is a bit early in the day. this is obvious the progress, but there are a lot of problems still to be ironed out. your agreement is among 7 countries and we have more than $200.00 techs restrictions in the world, many of which have 0 taxes for texas, be low, you said. and so for the question is whether it be possible to get everybody onto

the same sheet, everybody up to 15 percent or whether some of the traditional tax havens tried to resist that. another problem is that even above the 15 percent, you have a lot of variation in text, right? and so even if everybody have at least 16 percent, there is still a problem off corporations trying to go shopping for a cheaper text, right? trying to pay 15 rather than 3035 for even up to 50 in some jurisdiction. but gives us an overview of how this conversation is going to go. mark, boom. and so in athens and you have very specific angle why we've invited you onto the program, but in general, is this all about sort of corporate doc tax dodging? i mean, can you see this as a potential 1st step to tightening the rules and more countries coming on board

with the idea of 15 percent though they may not might not actually like it right now. and the way i would summarize it is the g 7 this weekend has pushed international tire system in for the 21st century. but only for themselves, only the g 7 will see the main benefits of what with analysis weekend living rest of the world behind thomas project. a new haven has come back to you and very quickly has the u. s. a sort of wanted initially 21 percent but came down in this negotiation in the u. k. with the other g 7 finance ministers. so why settle just the 15? is it enough to keep both american industry and global capital happy at the moment? yeah, i guess that is one of the reasons for keeping it is 16, right? obviously it's heavy lifting to get it up to 15 in the 1st place. the u. s. if you might know is trying to increase its corporate tax rate from 21 percent to 28

percent and 28 percent tax rate would be very difficult to maintain. it will be difficult to keep corporations paying that tax, right. if they can buy a profit shifting, get 0 percent tax rate or 5 percent tax rate in some other jurisdiction. so 15 percent makes a little bit more realistic for the us to collect on it's 28 percent. it seems that they developed countries mr. far and that you're in a future nigeria seem to have it all sewn up that they have all the answers. but do they have the answers for africa? i mean, what concerns you about the agreement that's been made now initially by the g 7 countries? thank you for having me. so. so yeah. first of all, the question is, who designed these rules and who are these rules designed for? like you said, for, it will be in that group a few few and neat countries have been did i didn't this was without taking into

consideration for example, developing countries like africa, which is like our country's nigeria, egypt, that africa, china and there. so there is a huge, big political question as to whether or not we want to continue in a system that is bullies because their concern 7 country cannot come up with a global tax rule. and that is why we've been clamoring for a global tax. but under the united nation and of course law group. and so let me just bring you in that a based on that, your chief executive, alex called him who's written widely on this decision has talked about, you know, the g 7 shamelessly benefiting themselves and leaving the rest of the world behind you. that goes on to talk about what the plan would be in the modeling from your organization. that may be as much as 355000000000 might be generated to the fair approach. under the 15 percent system, maybe only

a $100000000000.00 might be available for poorer countries. so the question then is it seems from the analysis, that is the fact that the richer economies that a going to keep the coffers very close you might say to themselves, the real lose is all the poll countries like africa, maybe parts of asia as well. and southern america, where, who do you see is the biggest, lose as in all of us? well, suddenly again, it is lower income countries. lower income countries aren't just getting a fraction of the taxes are going to recover by the glory now. but to lower countries. corporate taxes, much important now important role and funding called the services of global tax abuse. today, over tax of use, lower income countries may lose less. total taxes which are on trees of that time, the much bigger share of their public health services and august revenue altogether . lower countries moves the equivalent of just over half their combined public

health spending to global tax abuse every year. so for the tea 7th, come out with this really shameless proposal that is not just on ambitious by having such a low minimal tax rate of 15 percent to then take 60 percent or so over the recovered taxes. trusting 7 countries were 10 percent off. elation live is incredibly shameless, especially during a time like this during when lower income countries in the rest of the world really was looking through the g 7. but they're behind the right guy. and that international tax system that would bring back billions and tax on to the contracts from which it was robbed and which is really urgent. you need to rebuild and recover. and did mister boucher, it does seem that the polar countries you know, if, if what mark is saying or what's reflected by the organization that he represents a going to be hard hit a such. do you think poor countries may be in africa? will have their arms twisted to join the system and to join the debate and then try

within that system themselves as independent states to push the developed countries to push the richer countries to, to increase that tax rate. what's your opinion about whether there is enough clout in africa to be able to push the united states to push the g 7 to push japan? well, like we all know, this is the power, right? so saying that african countries are not, do we have the muscle out there? no, we don't have the most. and i mean, history has proven that, and looking at all the conversations, all the rules that i said before, now the cd through the inclusive framework tries to make global talks to set in my include team. however, we still have a look to you because it is wanting to be at a table, but it also another thing to be able to, to set the agenda. so although i'm going to make an effort, but to get it to the african talk to susan forum in terms of whether or not we have

the muscle to actually achieve own goals. i really doubt that. can i then ask you a country like south africa, which is part of brakes, which is an internal financial group in which includes brazil, india, russia, and china. i mean, south africa is seen as a bit of a heavy weight on the, on the continent. do you think that within a system like breaks or it's membership of maybe a co op, saw the african union, they can as, as a group as an entity? is there any way, politically you think that they can make some sort of influence? can talk to the g 7 in a way that would represent africa and to try and persuade them that they need to help africa a lot more. so i haven't seen anything on the front. however, like i mentioned under the african distribution forum which africa is also a member. i know that africa and nigeria are very actively involved with data and

they have made some very significant progress recently in terms of pursuing the african agenda. however, in terms of implementing an agree into these rules, we haven't really seen anything concrete. so it is wanting to be hopeful, but like i said, it is highly unlikely that african countries are africa and i really able to, to, to, to do anything. that is, i mean it's evidence that in what the d 7 i've done recently because it's like, you know, we had a g 7. we coming up with this proposal that you like it or not, you'll have to, you'll have to take it because if you've already said the agenda is that the framework, it's really difficult for countries because these things that they're not just actually go into treat issues pre deal issues of transfer of capital. so there are a lot of things to, to consider. and that's why the g 7 life of g 7 countries have the upper hand.

thomas poker in new haven type spring in here. because if we talk of africa and countries in africa being loses, there's actually quite a few countries in the northern hemisphere that will also be lose as such as island . and perhaps france, if you look at the islands, what corporate tax rate of 12 and a half percent does attract a lot of big business. we know that, you know, companies like google, i think facebook, the headquarters in dublin. and the best local surroundings. france has a corporate what charger, corporate tax charge of 31 percent in that conversation. amongst the g 7 finance ministers. i wonder what's going through the french finance ministers mind when he's agreeing to 15 percent as a new culprit rate. when france itself charges $31.00, what's going on there? yeah, i think that there is probably pressure from both sides of the one hand. of course, the rich countries, one this minimal text read to be close to their own because they don't want to lose corporate taxation. but on the other hand, and that's also

a very important from situation, many of the multinational corporations who are the taxpayers, are headquartered in and owned by citizens of the switch countries. so rich countries so far have been quite willing to let these corporations get away with paying very soon, texas, or maybe, you know, texas at all the costs would benefit recruit to their own citizens who would then if you're lucky pay some taxes. but at the very least, if campaign contributions to the political parties in the rich countries in particular, the united states. and to think that have a difficult time, for example, france, germany and italy who are part of the g 7 trying to sell less back to their own e u partners. if we just look at the e, for example, 20 member states, you know, and 3 of them are actually in the g 7. what does this say to countries like lithuania and where bark is in athens, greece, they're not rich countries. right?

but i think that they can certainly persuade the european countries that a few european countries that have tex read below 15 percent. they would just, hungary is one example. but i think on the whole this is a deal that is doable within the u. n. is generally beneficial to the i think, you know, maybe a little bit in contrast to what the other speakers have said. i think this was on the whole a good step which is very weak step and absolutely more has to be done. but what we now are committed to what everybody understands is that text sovereignty has to be tempered by fairness and taxes in one country have effects on the text, income of other countries as a text competition. and you just have a country through their own text system without regard to how that affects populations from other countries. so this is

a small step to live at all. but i think we're going in the right direction of understanding that we need to coordinate globally. and find the fam, texas, them that make sure that the benefits of corporate taxation are reaching all populations. ok gentlemen, just hold it. i got more information to give our view as of how because tax avoidance and evasion cost governments billions of dollars research from poland suggest the european union member states lose nearly $190000000000.00 a year. the tax foundation, the us base think tank believes multinational firms have stashed away up to $700000000000.00 in taxes in offshore havens. and the charity action aid says poor countries are missing out on nearly $3000000000.00 in taxes from facebook, google, and microsoft. so i want to come back to you, mark, boom. and so in athens, we mentioned that obviously the, the big companies like amazon and google will quite warmly responsive to the

decision made by the g 7 finance ministers. were you surprised by that? i just want to clarify, i just want to add more about how much taxes lunch is here. just make that concrete large. we estimate every 2nd, the world loses the equivalent of a nurses, yearly salary tax haven. so when you talk about those big numbers, what those mean, you practice years works for nurse loss each 2nd to a tax data. so it's not too surprising to corporations, of course publicly, they're going to come support and for years these organizations have been saying that they have an impact where it's due. but of course, in practice that has not been the case. it's worth keeping in mind that 15 percent what the g c was a $37.00 have done is basically keep the rest of the bottom line. so we've known for 40 years at the bottom. it's damaging, there's

a 100 kind of research on this and the damage is economy. the damage is well being peoples wellbeing and crates, all 37 finally this week admitted that. but what they've done by just starting to write up 50 percent and you're saying you're happy to keep that right bottom in tax . so it's not surprising and i'm sorry that i'm trying to bring it and that you are in the future because obviously, you know, so much money lost in the system. what sort of money could nurses salary say a $13.00 or $20000.00 due for a community? if it was tax, a boucher or somewhere else that you can give us a relevant example? yeah, so we've carried out some studies looking at tax incentives which the global minimum tax rate is trying to to address. we have seen that from only one company getting

tax probably be able to save about $100000000.00 or just one company or what it cost to me. is that these 100000000000 and actually billed over 2500 primary healthcare. well equipped primary health care centers. so in terms of what $20000.00, what the new doesn't dollars can do looking at it from, from the health. but on the health perspective, i think it's a long way in equip, in a primary health care center. yeah. and i think mark was agreeing with you that certainly enough is about one about to thomas here. and you have because it's a unique opportunity that the written in the last 36 hours as those finance ministers got together to agree on how to you might say recruit, recoup lost money for that and to help rebuild. i recall enemies. i mean, what, this situation and this development and this agreement has happened if there hadn't been a change in leadership in the white house and the global pandemic at the same time

. so i'm pretty sure it would not have happened and not with from, and trump would basically have put suit in america. the 1st policy trying to not multilaterally, but individual, the 5 to get as much money out of corporations as possible for the united states in so far as the, even where they wanted that money. as i said before, in many cases, the american needs are the republican, it needs better off, collect the less money from corporations and more in campaign contributions than get taxes for the country again, coming to me into the program in my room. and so i'd like to come to you in athens now in the light of what actually happened over the last 2436 hours. how do you see the move now progressing not to and the conversation, not just amongst sort of, you might say the northern and southern hemispheres,

but from countries far wide as a new zealand to india, from taiwan to the philippines. who in fact all have for example, a facebook, a head office or regional center, they're all have different tax scenarios. it's a very large debate for the future, isn't it? and it's not going to be solved overnight. i agree, and the group must on. it's not just or international international tax system that has been shown to be unfit. it's a process we have for setting international tax rules. yesterday 7 countries which comes in the world plan for the rest of the world and that plan sees and taking a larger share of the pie than they ought to for recovery tax the oh cd we just put for the proposal that appears to be supporting will disproportionately in the countries or should be countries 1st dibs on every current tax. so it's not traditional tax system, it's not working, it's a process. what we need is international tax rules and and tax

approach hasn't just been recommended by the high level and in fact the panels just this week or the comic forum signals that approach as well. so going forward, the path is bringing international tax rolls available. democracy of the un is an interesting conversation. i'm sure we will be revisiting in the future for the time . we have to leave it. i'm afraid i'd like to thank you all not boot. and so in athens must have found that you're in a boot, agirri and thomas project. you have gentlemen, thanks for your thanks very much for joining us on this edition of inside story. i thank you for watching, as well as you can see her best and all of our previous programs. again, anytime by visiting our website at all there at dot com and the further discussion you guys will facebook page on facebook dot com forward slash a j inside story. also join the conversation on twitter handle areas at a j inside story. for me, the whole rahman until next time for the whole team here. thanks for watching

the news. news news, news. news award winning programming from international. so make one quick so it's right on the bike and the global discussion. what guarantee that will be the right to the 65 life giving voice. the voice here in california is almost everybody's a paycheck away from being on house program that open your eyes to view the world today. this is what the picture looks like. the, the world from a different perspective on our nearest

i just went and talked to al jazeera, we oh, skinny ami were attacking ringer, and now they're attacking everyone and me on my do you regret? well, it's like we listen. absolutely. nigeria with a woman present, it would be great. we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that matter. on our sierra, living in a room is a risk not worth taking for most. but for a 10 year old boy, there is nowhere else to go. in the absence of his parents, his grandmother dedicates herself to his upbringing. never knowing whether the next explosion or echo one step closer to the place they call home.

the distant barking of dogs. a witness documentary on al jazeera teaching. if you could watch out because they were english streaming lied, and i do channels plus thousands of our programs award winning documentaries. and you get to choose to scribe. you choose dot com. forward slash al jazeera english. me. ready the news this is al jazeera. ah, you're watching the news, our live from a headquarters and the high and 30 and obligated coming up in the next 60 minutes. is really police violently breakup protests against the rest of palestinian residents in the sheriff is a rough neighborhood of occupied east jerusalem. nothing will stop us,

nothing. we faced more.