efforts now to clean the sea don't seem sufficient enough unless coupled with another quick waste management policy and a strong auditing mechanism. many fear the form of sledge on the surface is just the start of a bigger problem and turkeys in our see of marg margaret risks becoming at that c. c. now, because solo al jazeera daresha cordelia province. ah . hello again. i'm fully back the ball. with the headlines on al jazeera, 2 trains have collided in 7 pakistan, st. providence getting at least 35 people. rescue workers are looking for passengers who could still be trapped under the rubble. 60 people have been injured more than $1000.00 people on board when an interest city trade derailed and was paid by an express service. trade command hider has the latest from his donald bought. they focus on the military. i tend to helicopter dispatched doctors

and pad are medic off to the academic side. at the same time, the national disaster management are tardy said that all rescue efforts are now under way unlikely to be completed within the next 30 minutes. what lead to this tragedy is a big question mark, because the drain, i traveled over 500 kilometers, preliminary results in peruse presidential one off show, right. we in candidate keiko fuji murray with a narrow lead election agency says more than 40 percent of the votes have been counted in 77 percent of eligible voters cast their ballad, an exceptionally high turn out for peru in mexico. the governing party has lost its majority in the lower house in the bank for president andras money. no pace over adore his marina potty and it's alive as short of the votes needed to push through constitutional amendments. mexico has been shaken by the code of iris pandemic, a deep recession and drug related violence. the military wing of hamas has released

an audio recording of what it claims is a captured israeli soldier. the unnamed person is said to be one of 4 israelis who have been held in garza for several days several years rather, deputy leader of the cassandra gates. my wife isa has told ours is 0. her mom wants to finalize the prisoners swap with israel. southeast asian countries are calling on yan mars military june to free all political prisoners and voice from the association of southeast asian nations were discussing the implementation of a plant. and the terminal that began with february's military cool and time and has begun a mass grown of eyes vaccination campaign as it tackles its worst outbreak. so far, thailand was able to keep infection rates low until a 3rd wave in april brought record numbers of new cases. and guess those are the headlines on al jazeera. i'll have more news for you after and story. there is no channel that covers world views like we do under roaming, correspondent,

i am constantly on the go covering topics from politics, the environmental issues, the scale of the towns is like nothing you've ever seen access to health care as well. we want to know, how did these things affect people? we revisit places day. even when there are no international headlines. there are really invest in that, not the privilege, as a journalist. most of us as individuals pay tags, but many big companies don't. landmark dealing to the top corporate tax dodging g 7 nations are going to set a minimum rate. will it for multi national to pay that? sure. and who will benefit the inside story? ah

hello and welcome to the program on the hill robin. do business in one country, shift the profits to an offshore haven and pay little or no corporate tax. it's controversial, but the world's biggest companies have been doing this for years. now. the 2nd group of so called advanced economies, the leading industrial nations are trying to stop the practice. it's agreed to set a minimum corporate tax rate of 15 percent. some of the multinational firms targeted include amazon, facebook, and google. not. they've been criticized for exploiting global tax loopholes while reaping huge profits, not least during the pandemic that will bring in our guests in a moment. but 1st this report from the barker in london tax randy gets pulses racing. but after 2 days of master mass talks in london, a commitment by g 7, finance ministers to for some of the riches companies in the world into paying their fair share. well, i'm delighted to announce that today of the dears of discussion g 7,

finance ministers have reached a historic agreement to reform to global tax system to make it fit for the global digital age. but crucially, to make sure that it's fast, many countries are desperate to plug holes in their finances caused by the coven 19 pandemic. while many nations have been thinking deeper into debt, the pandemic was a windfall for big tech companies such as amazon and google. the raked in huge profit at the moment companies a bill earnings in the countries where they operate. but this old way of doing things is no longer fit for purpose, largely because it's exploited widely by multinational companies that operate in various different competing tax owns. all they need to do is declare their profits where the tax is that it's lowest or indeed whether no tax is a tool and it's all completely legal. but g 7 finance been to say now's the time to level the playing field by introducing

a flat 15 percent rate on businesses to help pay back and demick debt that global minimum checks within the race to the bottom. corporate taxation and ensure fairness because the middle class and working people in the us and around the world, tex evasion, will be more difficult for big companies all over the world. and this is a good message for the people of our countries. and especially the big tech guy in giants. we have a 2 page google that's been bracing for a global tax hike for some time. so that strongly supported the work being done to update international tax rules. and hopes countries continue to work together to ensure a balance endurable agreement will be finalized soon. well, facebook said it wanted the international tax reform process to succeed, while recognizing it could mean paying more tax in different places. the big challenge now comes, we're getting enough economies on board to make the plan work, including countries such as island,

where low corporate tax rates have entice several big businesses, including google to build a european headquarters there was good for the g. 7 may not satisfy all talks, will continue at the g 20 summit. later this year. the broker, i'll just sarah london. let's look at why tech firms such as amazon, google, and facebook have been accused of dodging taxes while all have the headquarters in the united states. amazon report to the profit of $20000000000.00 in america last year. it paid 9 percent of that in taxes. well below the official culprit rate of 21 percent, it's european division based in luxembourg, paid no corporate taxes at all. in 2017 google was accused of moving nearly $23000000000.00 to a shower company in bermuda to reduce its foreign tax bill. and last year, the tax agency sued facebook to clawback $9000000000.00 an unpaid taxes, but the trial was counsel due to the pandemic. the

spring in august for this edition of inside story in athens, we have mark rubenthal stakes and for the tax justice network. in the future at nigeria, mr. far dudu our executive director of the african center, the tax and governance and in new haven, thomas pocky, professor of philosophy and politics at yale university and all of global tax fairness. welcome gentlemen. all to the program, mr. paul, can i come to you 1st in new haven? the g 7 seem to be banging their own drug that they've achieved and agreed in principle on leveling tax loopholes. i mean, are they thinking their own praises far too early? well, it is a bit early in the day. this is obvious, the progress, but there are a lot of problems still to be ironed out. the agreement is among 7 countries, and we have more than $200.00 techs restrictions in the world, many of which have 0 taxes are texas below the 15 percent. and so for the

question is whether it would be possible to get everybody onto the same sheet, everybody up to 15 percent or whether some of the traditional tax havens were tried to resist that. another problem is that even above the 15 percent, you have a lot of variation in text, right? and so even if everybody have at least 50 percent, there is still a problem off corporations trying to go shopping for a cheaper text, right? trying to pay 15 rather than 3035 for even up to 50 in some jurisdictions. that gives us an overview certainly of how this conversation is going to go. mark, boom. and so in athens and you have very specific angle why we've invited you onto the program, but in general, is this all about sort of corporate doc tax dodging? i mean, can you see this as a potential 1st step to tightening the rules and more countries coming on board

with the idea of 15 percent though they may not might not actually like it right now. and the way i was summarize, it is the g 7 this weekend has pushed international tax system in for the 21st century, but only for themselves, only the g 7 will see the main benefits of what with analysis weekend, leaving the rest of the world behind thomas project, a new haven has come back to you and very quickly has the u. s. a sort of wanted initially 21 percent but came down in this negotiation in the u. k with the other g 7 finance ministers. so why settle just the 15? is it enough to keep both american industry and global capital's happy at the moment? yeah, i guess that is one of the reasons for keeping it it's 16 right. obviously it's heavy lifting to get it up to 15 in the 1st place. the u. s. if you might know, is trying to increase its corporate tax rate from 21 percent to 28 percent. and 28

percent tax rate would be very difficult to maintain. it will be difficult to keep corporations paying that tax, right. if they can buy a profit shifting, get 0 percent tax rate or 5 percent tax, right in some other jurisdiction. so 15 percent makes a little bit more realistic for the us to collect on it's 28 percent. it seems that they developed countries mr. far and that you're in a future nigeria seem to have it all sewn up that they have all the answers. but do they have the answers for africa? i mean, what concerns you about the agreement that's been made now initially by the g 7 countries? a thank you for having me. so, so yeah, 1st of all, the question is, who designed these rules and who are these rules designed for? like i said, for, it will be in that group of few few and neat countries have been did i didn't this

was with topic and in the concentration for example, developing countries like africa was like our country's nigeria, egypt. that africa. and there are huge big political question as to whether or not be wants to continue in a system that is bullies because their concern 7 country cannot come up. it's a global tax rule. and that is why we've been clamoring for a global tax. but under the united nation and of course, luck to me. and so let me just bring you in that, based on that, your chief executive alex cover. his written widely on this decision has talked about, you know, the g 7 shamelessly benefiting themselves and leaving rest of the world behind. he then goes on to talk about what the plan would be in the modeling from your organization. that may be as much as $355000000000.00 might be generated to the fair approach under the 15 percent system, maybe only

a $100000000000.00 might be available for poorer countries. so the question then is, it seems that from the analysis, that is the fact that the richer economies that a going to keep the coffers very close you might say to themselves, the real lose is all the poll countries like africa, maybe parts of asia as well and southern america, well, who do you see is the biggest losers in all of us? well, suddenly again, it is lower income countries. lower income countries aren't just getting a fraction of the color. the taxes are going to recover by the glory now. but to lower countries, corporate taxes, they much important now important role and funding called the services of global tax. these today over tax of use, lower income countries may lose less total taxes, which are hundreds of that time the much bigger share of their public health services and revenue altogether. lower countries move the equipment of just over

half their combined public health spending to global tax abuse every year. so for the tea 7th, come out with this really shameless proposal that is not just on ambitious by having such a low minimal tax rate of 15 percent to then take 60 percent or so over the recover taxes. trusting 7 countries were 10 percent off. elation live is incredibly shameless, especially during a time like this during when lower income countries in the rest of the world really was looking through the g 7. but they're behind the re, guy that international tax system that would bring back billions and tax on to the contract from which it was robbed and which is urgent. you need to rebuild and recover and must have future. it does seem that the polar countries, you know, if, if what mark is saying or what's reflected by the organization that he represents a going to be hard hit a such. do you think poor countries may be in africa? will have their arms twisted to join the system and to joined the debate and then

try within that system themselves as independent states to push the developed countries to push the richer countries to, to increase that tax rate. what's your opinion about whether there is enough clout in africa to be able to push the united states to push the g 7 to push japan? well, like we all know, this is the power, right? so saying that african countries are not, do we have the muscle out there? no, we don't have them us. and i mean, history has proven that, and looking at all the conversations, all the rules that i said before, now the cd through the inclusive framework tries to make global talks to set in more inclusive. however, we still have a lot to you because it is wanting to be at a table, but it also another thing to be able to, to set the agenda. so although i'm going to make an effort, but you get it to the african talk to susan forum in terms of whether or not we

have the muscle to actually achieve our own goals. i really doubt that. can i then ask you a country like south africa, which is part of brakes, which is an internal financial group in which includes brazil, india, russia, and china. i mean, south africa was seen as a bit of a heavy weight on the, on the continent. do you think that within a system like breaks or it's membership of maybe a co op, saw the african union, they can as, as a group as an entity? is there any way, politically, to think that they can make some sort of influence, can talk to the g 7 in a way that would represent africa and to try and persuade them that they need to help africa a lot more. so i haven't seen anything on the front. however, like i mentioned under the african duct distribution for which that africa is also a member. i know that africa nigeria a very actively involved with data and you have made some very significant

progress recently in terms of pursuing the african agenda. however, in terms of implementing and agreeing to these rules, we haven't really seen anything concrete. so it is want them to be hopeful, but like i said, it is highly unlikely that african countries for africa and i really able to, to, to, to do anything. and that is, i mean, it is evidence that in the d 7 i've done recently because it's like, you know, we had a g 7. we coming up with this proposal that you like it or not, you will have to, you'll have to take it because if you've already said the agenda is that the framework, it's really difficult for countries because these things that they're not just actually go into treat issues pre deal with issues of transfer of capital. so there are a lot of things to, to consider. and that's why the g 7 life of g 7 countries have the upper hand.

thomas poker in new haven, bring in here because if we talk of africa and countries in africa being loses, there's actually quite a few countries in the northern hemisphere that will also be lose as such as island . and perhaps france. if you look at the islands, what corporate tax rate of 12 and a half percent does attract a lot of big business. we know that, you know, companies like google, i think facebook, the headquarters in dublin and the best local surroundings. france has a corporate charger, corporate tax charge of 31 percent in the conversation. amongst the g 7 finance ministers. i wonder what's going through the french finance ministers mind when he's agreeing to 15 percent as a new culprit right. when france itself charges $31.00. what's going on there? yeah, i think that this follows the pressure from both sides of the one hand. of course, the rich countries, one this minimum tax rate to be close to their own because they don't want to lose corporate taxation. but on the other hand, that's also

a very important consideration. many of the multinational corporations who are the taxpayers, are headquartered in and owned by citizens of the switch countries. so rich countries so far have been quite willing to let these corporations get away with paying very to texas, or maybe you know, texas at all he cost would benefit recruit to their own citizens who would then if you're lucky pay some taxes. but at the very least, would if campaign contributions to the political parties in the rich countries, in particular, in united states. and to think that have a difficult time, for example, france, germany and italy who are part of the g 7 of trying to sell less back to their own e u partners. if we just look at the e u, for example, 20 of the states, you know, and 3 of them are actually in the g 7. what does this say? 2 countries, i lithuania, and where bar case in athens, greece, they're not rich countries. right?

but i think that they can certainly persuade the european countries that a few european countries that have tex read below 15 percent. they would just, hungary is one example. but i think on the whole this is a deal that is doable within the u. n. is generally beneficial to the i think, you know, maybe a little bit in contrast to what the other speakers have said. i think this is on the whole a good step which is very weak step and absolutely more has to be done. but what we now are committed to what everybody understands is that text sovereignty has to be tempered by fairness and taxes in one country have effects on the text, income of other countries as a text competition. and you just have from the country to their own text system without regard to how that affects populations from other countries. so this is

a small step to live at all, but i think we're going in the right direction of understanding that we need to coordinate globally and find the fam, texas them that make sure that the benefits of corporate taxation are reaching all populations. ok, gentlemen, just hold it. i got more information to give our view. is that because taxes of asian cost governments billions of dollars research from poland suggest the european union member states lose nearly $190000000000.00 a year. the tax foundation to us base think tank believes multinational firms have stashed away up to $700000000000.00 in taxes in offshore havens. and the charity action aid says poor countries are missing out on nearly $3000000000.00 in taxes from facebook, google, and microsoft. so i want to come back to you, mark, boom. and so in athens, we mentioned that obviously the, the big companies like amazon and google will quite warmly responsive to the

decision made by the g 7 finance ministers. were you surprised by that? i just want to clarify, i just want to add more about how much taxes lunch is here. just make that concrete large. we estimate every 2nd, the world loses the equivalent of a nurses, yearly salary attack statement. so when you talk about those big numbers, what those mean, you practice years work for nurse loss each 2nd to a tax data. so it's not too surprising to corporations, of course publicly, they're going to come in support and for years these organizations have been saying that they have an impact where it's due. but of course, in practice that has not been the case. it's worth keeping in mind that 15 percent what the gc was, the $37.00 have done is basically keep the race bottom line. so we've known for 40 years at the bottom, it's damaging,

there's been 100 kind of research on this and the damage is economy. the damage is well being peoples wellbeing and crates, all 37 finally this week admitted that. but what they've done by just setting the rate up 50 percent and you're saying you're happy to keep that right bottom intact . so it's not surprising and i'm sorry that i'm trying to bring it and that you are in a future because obviously, you know, so much money lost in the system. what sort of money could nurses salary say a $13.00 or $20000.00 due for a community? if it was tax, a boucher or somewhere else that you can give us a relevant example? yes, so we've started out from studies and looking at the tax incentives which the global minimum tax rate is trying to to address. we have seen that from only one company

getting tax probably be able to save about $100000000.00 or just one company or what it cost estimates. is that these 100000000000 and actually billed over 2500 primary healthcare. well equipped primary health care centers. so in terms of what, 20000, what the new doesn't don't us and do looking at it from from the health. but on the health perspective, i think it's a long way in equip, in a primary health care center. yeah. and i think my mock was agreeing with that certainly enough. and so i want to about to thomas here. and you have because it's a unique opportunity that the written in the last 36 hours as those finance ministers got together to agree on how to you might say rook recoup lost money for that and to help rebuild their economies. i mean, what, this situation and this development and this agreement has happened if there hadn't been a change in leadership in the white house and the global pandemic at the same time

. so i'm pretty sure it would not have happened and not with, from trump would basically have put suit in america. the 1st policy trying to not multilaterally, but individual, the 5 to get as much money out of corporations as possible for the united states in so far as the, even where they wanted that money. as i said before, in many cases, the american needs are the republican. it needs better off, collect the less money from corporations and more in campaign contributions than get taxes for the country. again, coming to the end of the program, the month payments come to you in athens now in the light of what's actually happened over the last 2436 hours. how do you see the move now progressing not to and the conversation, not just amongst sort of, you might say the northern and southern hemispheres,

but from countries far wide as a new zealand to india, from taiwan to the philippines. who in fact all have for example, a facebook, a head office or regional center, they're all have different tax scenarios. it's a very large debate for the future, isn't it? and it's not going to be solved overnight. i agree, and the group must on this, it's not just or international international tax system that has been shown to be unfit. it's a process we have for international tax rules. yesterday, 7 countries, assumptions world plan for the rest of the world and that plan sees and taking a larger share of the pie that they ought to recover. tax the oh cd. we just put for the proposal that the 2 sentences appears to be supporting will disproportionately give o c countries or countries 1st dibs on a record tax. so it's not for center national tax system. it's not working, it's a process. what we need is international tax rules and and so you will talk

about approach hasn't just been recommended by the high level and in fact the panels us this week or the comics forum signals that approach as well. so going forward, the path is bring international tax rolls to, to, to a let the democracy of the un is an interesting conversation. i'm sure we will be revisiting in the future for the time. we have to leave it out of afraid, but i'd like to thank you all not boot and so in athens must have that you're in a future agirri and thomas project. if you have gentlemen, thanks for your thanks very much for joining us on this edition of inside story. and thank you for watching as well as you can see her best and all of our previous programs. again, anytime by visiting our website at all there at dot com, the further discussion you guys will facebook page on facebook dot com forward slash ha inside story. also join the conversation on twitter handle areas at a j inside story for me, the whole rahman until next time for the whole team here. thanks for watching

the news. in the next episode of science in a golden age, i'll be exploring the contributions made by scholars during the medieval period in the field of mathematics. the term algebra can be traced back to the arabic word algebra. we're going to the limited model technology 40 percent, often with beta found they gave us the final building block, find the discovery medieval on science and a golden age. with jim alkalinity on al jazeera talk to al jazeera, we can the army were attacking ringer, and now they're attacking everyone in me on my do you regret? well, it's like that we listen. absolutely. nigeria with a woman, preston, it would be great. we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that

matter on al jazeera. this is polly. despite being in germany, 2nd tier of football, and without a single major trophy to its name, it has become one of the world's most iconic teams. and it's all down to their fans . but for them send poly transcends sports. for then football is about politics, protests and music. these fancy themselves and the vanguard of global struggle against and a phobia inequality, and racism with over $500.00 supporters clubs outside germany. they're able to spread their message far beyond their handbook home. but some police history is far from innocent. the club is sending out a warning about the rise in popularity of far right parties like the a, f, d. nazis and fascists have no place in san poly today.

ah, knowledge of the me with at least $35.00 people killed and fix the injured after 2 trains collide in southern pakistan. ah, you're watching al jazeera alive from the how ne, fully bad people also ahead. a close presidential race in peru, early counting shows a left his school teacher and his right wing rival s separated by the finish of march in mexico's governing body, loses its majority in the lower.