variance what i and my fellow astronauts of experience the new shepherd rocket as successfully carried out 15 missions to the edge of space all be without passengers with bays on board, the new space race could be about to get even more competitive. the rivalry between jeff bay's often ill on musk has been simmering for years. that barring matches on social media for all to see. but in marketing terms, this could be a victory for the founder of amazon. question is, what will ill on must do to top his rivals late, his move? no one knows, but the world is watching. and the gala caroll this era. miami, florida. ah. hello again. i'm fully back to you with the headlines on al jazeera, the left wing politician federal castillo has a narrow lead over right. we rival cake food, you maury, in peruse, presidential run off a to paul, rising capital is starting to struggle with the fall out of the corona by son

damage. it has a worse death rate account because in the wes, mariana sanchez has more from lima. the trend is clear. dated august. the your is getting this rural volt as the people have voted massively for him in the and this in some areas, even 80 percent of the vote in favor of middle gusty or it is highly unlikely that cake, awful kimani could turn around this even if it is with the volt overseas, which is likely to favor her. but if most of the rural volt coming in is forbid august the year and it is much stronger than the volt abroad. you as vice president, common harris has warned people in central america considering the dangerous journey north not to come. she is now in mexico for talk soft meeting. guatemala was president. china's top legislative bodies examining

a bill to protect the government from being sued by foreign companies. that's after us 1st. and joe by then expanded restrictions on american investments. and some chinese firms with a ledge tied to the military police in the canadian province of ontario, say a trunk attack that killed 4 members of a muslim family. was a hate crime. the drive of a pickup run down 5 pedestrians in the city of london, killing 3 generations of the same family. the only survivor is a 9 year old boy. and the death toll following a train collision in pakistan, southern send province has risen to 63. dozens more were injured and trapped in the wreckage. an express train derailed in got key district and was hit by another train. a few minutes later, the cause of the derailment is not clear. you're upstate with a headlines on al jazeera, i'll have more news for you right after anti story with so raman stay with this. lewis, johnson will host world leaders at a u. k. coastal town for the 2021 g 7,

summit corona virus, vaccines and carbon emissions will be high on the agenda. but with russia and china out of the loop, how much progress can be made in tackling the global issues of our time? the g 7 summit on al jazeera, a century ago german colonize, is almost wiped out in june of people in south west africa. germany's now apologize, but the libyans have labeled the compensation of, of more than a $1000000000.00, an insult. so how should countries deal with injustices committed in the past? inside story? ah, ah. hello, welcome to the program on the hill robin. it's been called the 1st genocide of the 20th century. more than a 100 years ago,

the german soldiers kill tens of thousands of indigenous people from 2 ethnic groups and what's now namibia. last week, germany apologized and agreed to pay $1300000000.00 infrastructure projects over the next 30 years. but in the b, b, as vice president says, that's nowhere near enough, and descendants of the victims say, it's an insult and doesn't provide them with any sort of reparation. the case is really igniting the debate, told how country should deal with past atrocities. for me, the miller reports, while it's taken more than a century, germany is admitted it committed genocide against tens of thousands of nama and over railroad people in them of its size, and how it to deny. we will now officially call these events what they were from today's perspective, a genocide. and in doing so, we are acknowledging our historical responsibility on the light of germany's historical and moral responsibility last the media and the descendants of the

victims for forgiveness. but it's taken years of negotiations for germany to apologize. community leaders had tried through courts to compel the german government to pay reparations for the extermination of nearly a $100000.00 norma and over herero people. this took place during germany's early 20th century colonization of what was then south west africa. all the court bits failed in may. germany agreed with the namibian government to provide $1300000000.00 in development aid for the next 2 years in germany has been dictating. and for me, it was like a case offer you ever met or relate this? and this person is the one to decide whether i have for it or not. and should that find myself guilty? what would be the best punishment or video that i can give myself so that that is how the whole process was not acceptable to the others to say the

negotiations between the 2 governments excluded those directly affected by the genocide. when we 1st met eda hoffman, 4 years ago, she's been fighting for the direct payment of compensation. she fears the development aid will never reach the communities affected. her. our people took it to our resources. what people have become focused on during the genocide, these communities were robbed of their land and cattle today. many say they continue to suffer the legacy of being displaced. and that this chapter in the movie as history remains unresolved for meat amolla al jazeera. well, in recent months, several communities around the world have stepped up called full reparations relating to historical atrocities. indigenous groups in canada are saying the government for the cultural damage caused by residential schools. rwandan

opposition parties are demanding an apology and reparation for frances role in the 1994 genocide. and many l. julians want compensation for abuses committed during francis colonial rule. the un human rights chief as urge countries to confront the legacy of colonialism and make amends for violence. ah, well let's bring in august for this edition of inside story in when talk we have pen abroad care research on transitional justice and a project consultant at the maybe a institute for democracy in sala, in sweden, heading melva, senior research associate at the north africa institute. and a member of the s w a p o, that's the south, west africa, people's organizations liberation movement. and in london, professor phil clark called the international of international politics and the co director of the center of conflict writes and justice. so i seen of estie of london,

welcome all to the program. miss panic and i thought with you, a wind hook up, apologies. are a huge step holiday for those who want to say that they did something wrong. it's a big a more difficult step sometime to accept when your ancestors have been the victims, and those apologizing weren't there at the time. i think that's interesting, the apology. she aspects, especially when it comes to, to reparation. because the apology should be an outcome of a process that takes place before of consistent engagement between the perpetrators and the victims or so to say the descendants of perpetrators and victims. the i don't, i'm a and tomato group. they continue to identify as victims and not descendants of

fictions because they do feel that the pros, that the inherited injustice just continue to make them victim. however, when it comes to the apology from the german side, i think maybe that's for a lot of his sustain comes from people feeling that well, i wasn't there or i didn't do it. and ultimately, i think was reparation. the important symbolic nature of it is to really shift the debate, not you know, about punishment or anything. it's about in an inherited responsibility. and we cannot start to go further unless we start to think about the symbolic nature of reparations, of acknowledgment of knowing our history, knowing the role of what needs inherent said so. so that's just feel that you're being slapped on a hand and being forced to apologize, but that you actually mean it. ok, let's move over then to mail that because if it's about the indignities

a community has experienced and an apology is part of the way there from your understanding and your knowledge and experience. what are the main issues now that the libyans and the nama and over harrow communities want to dressed? i think 1st of all, it's about a full recognition or with general committee and iraq to the consequences. he was in terms of the social economic structures which all part of the social media today. and i think there is a mismatch reflects the metric power relation. because while in germany, breast is considered a note of german history, west is not off, but it's the presence, and it's very much a life,

especially among the older and nama, and some of our communities, who or wherever, to turn on. and why it's important to offer. i'm reserved upon her to that through the fuser force. negotiate that's keeping my germany in 2015. yes. what happens is for today's perspective, general side. and then they said now that's open, bio was they were jason's with me. the government help us to apologize. i think that is adding in, in june, of course, i think the debate about the apology and the finance will continue certainly for the weeks and months ahead. so we can put that slightly to one side, may come over to professor clark and london. i mean, in northern europe where you are in london, much as taught in schools across the board about world war 2, colonialism and it's focused around the events of northern europe,

the colonies i taught from a northern european experience. and as mr. mal but just said that it was a footnote sometimes about what happened in africa. but the colonies and events in those continents barely get mention and barely understood by the public at large doesn't have been maybe as experience now have to be re taught in, in germany, in the way that the germans had to really look at the way they behaved. when it was a nazi state during world war 2, i think that's right, that what both of your previous gets to emphasize the importance of acknowledgment that before we talk about apology and reparations, former colonial powers have to honestly and fully acknowledge the crimes of the past the direct actions in various parts of africa. and i don't think we're seeing that from these european powers at the moment. i think we're seeing these piece

meal forms of acknowledgement that sometimes dodge some of the toughest issues of what britain did. and it's colonies what germany did, and it's for my colonies. and part of that acknowledgement i think is expressed towards the victim communities in places like namibia in wanda, in sudan and elsewhere. but part of that acknowledgement is also in side those european societies themselves. it's education, it's public museums and monuments. it's about having a, an honest, domestic debate. it's about the, the nature of colonial crimes. and i think that most of these european states at the moment are incredibly reluctant to have that kind of conversation in africa and very reluctant to have that kind of conversation at home. and indeed, i know that penance noting an agreement who will come back to you in a moment, because before i go profess o'clock, the terminology you see so very difficult to accept that when you mentioned the word genocide, you see that in countries who don't want to acknowledge that they were perpetrators of genocide and it's an important term legally as well. so what sort of effect is

that would have, you might say in this context with namibia and with germany, still really talking about the very tenuous relationship and historical issues. i think something we have to recognize about the bibby in cases that germany was dragged, kicking and screaming into this dialogue with maybe a government germany didn't want to be that they didn't want to acknowledge the genocide. it was only because namibian activists have started taking legal cases into foreign jurisdictions, but germany got a bit spurt and decided that i needed to look into this type that should also be remembered that germany's 1st response to the herrera genocide was to offer a very poultry sum of only 10000000 euros, and it was heroic nama community groups. that said, that's simply not enough if you committed genocide here and we still as communities living with the legacy of that genocide today, we need something that is much more substantial and much more meaningful. and so i think all of that raises some very serious questions about the sincerity and the

honesty with which germany is, is engaging with nearby. and of course, this isn't just about germany. we could argue very similarly about belgium and france and the netherlands and the u. k as well in exactly the same conversation. are we putting on those? hopefully a little bit later course penny you nodding in agreement in when talk and basically the voice about the reparations not being good enough. the situation not being good enough was initially accepted by the vice president obama. now he should be in at the time to remain calm and quoting and think deeply about the response to the deal . we have made remarkable progress over the past 5 years of negotiations and there was an opportunity. we should not waste yet. he's changed his tune, hasn't he? he's not very happy with this offer by germany. what seems to have happened? what changed for him to change his mind? i can only speculate that it boiled down to the reaction of the median public at

large. i'm sitting here in the media almost every day in the newspaper. it's about another chief who has disagreed with it a public joint statement by the headed or nama chiefs activist groups speaking up about it. so i think it is correct to say it, it is, it is a huge improvement to what's been happening, especially when you look at the history of this process to get to this point. however, i think the way the public is reacting is, but because it's been such a process, it is just getting more and more frustrating. and i think the vice president has to take into account the, the views of the movie in public. he knows that. and everyone knows that reparation has to be accepted by the people for it actually has the impact that you wanted to have. i guess that's, that's the main issue. the, the main developments are in happening here in the public in the maybe i'm heading

melva in upside is how you see it from where you are. because you've had years of being able to research and in depth fleet speak to the people at the heart of the problem. well, i pointed to good perception, me entirely different from those in germany. but professor clark made reference to a very important point. it's actually a railroad activist for if the german president is supposed to offer an apology as a 1st step should do so in germany to bring the message back home. what's happened in the german color me then to create a minimum around as in german, 5 today. what there was before the hollow course before going to number and then trying to close a chapter,

which is not close. why i've got some in sufficient agreement. now 1st of all, why materially compensation and the germans desperate award the germ reparations is an important part. often upon the g will never ever can compensate for the loss of human life and the river rayber consequences to test raise more to be done and reconciliation if there is a way for reconciliation needs to be between and among people and not governments. and that's already in the current negotiation. obviously there are many examples around the world that we can look at that are very similar and have this find thread of apology and reparations. and understanding phil clark, i come to you, i mean, we've seen in south korea, for example, over the years after world war 2, that forgiving japan and its behavior towards korean comfort. women has never

really been settled, despite agreements between the 2 governments. despite the financial agreement and a political agreement, it's still festers as an issue to this day. and what one does, even if you do have financial, you might say an ending finality to it. is this something that could fester for namibian in the same situation that the south koreans found themselves in for what? nearly 70 years? yes i. i think that's the danger that if issues of apology and reparations on handled well, it compounds the original crime. there's an opportunity now to acknowledge the past to do something constructive about it, but if that's handled in a piecemeal fashion, if that's handled poorly, it can in fact make the situation much worse. i think the difficulty in the germany, namibia cases that of course, germany has, i, previous experience of large scale reparations towards the jury's population after

the holocaust. and it's much debate about the effectiveness or otherwise of that. but in that case, germany at least did seem to fully try to come to terms with crimes committed during the holocaust. and there was a systematic attempt of reparations for the jewish people. now been the 1000000 casey never simply use being compare and contrast with that. and, and at the moment, i think as pen a and, and having it both emphasized the deal when the baby seems to be falling short. germany has a history of engaging, clearly and systematically on this question. that reparation always seems something very, very different in the namibian tyson. that's the kind of thing that i think could cause a lot of bad blood. and could festa for a very long time, pena broken window. how difficult was it for the local communities to actually, you know, get the voice said we've heard that it's been, you know, decades maybe a 100 years to get to this particular point. but can you just give us an example of, of a voice that you've spoken to who had ancestors that had been at the forefront had

been victims of what they experience. can you give us an example of an experience of the treatment of germans towards native libyans? well, during my, during my research, i conduct to some interviews and there's also some work done by caspar erickson, which is one of the very few bodies of work that actually captures the oral histories of the hero, nama and de mata, communities, and a lot of it a lot of identity today is shaped by these atrocities and issues around around land and restoration. and i think what's so important to remember while we're discussing, especially when we hear some rhetoric by german government officials to say, while the genocide of such a long time of both. the 1st attempt for restoration was in 1919. that's

black over a century ago. when it was very taco action, it was the, the chief, the time actually asked for land back so that the head of people can live as a nation once again. that needs to be understood in the context of federal colonialism and the fact that then it was brought up again in 19 twenties. that was brought up again that the you in 1949 onwards. so when we have to understand that the opportunity, especially under colonialism and i, i hear us talking about the holocaust in germany's willingness to acknowledge the holocaust and make amends. very different context. and at the end of the day, germany has had a your oh, i mean for has had over a century of protection based on the international politics of the time of the

colonization. the namibian groups us as early as 1995 exercising their democratic rights. maybe being one of the last countries received democracy, of course to it. but not late on our part. it's just over due justice it, let me just bring in the melva here because you know, we talk about the pressure puts on germany kicking and screaming, perhaps as well to come to these talks in 2019. there was a un report that was dumbing of belgium's colonial past in congo, and it suggested quite strongly and i quote with a view to closing the dark chapter in history as a means of reconciliation and healing. there are several other un backed investigations about colonial rule, and how colonial powers may need to face the past sooner rather than later. is it up to bodies like the you and if you can deem them independent to actually

tell nation states you need to look at your colonial past. you in my tried to put more regression on those colonial powers, but i'm afraid it's different. that's remember, a consult already in the 1980s adopted a report which qualifies war against hero and the non general of the 20th century. so it's almost 40 years on record. that's also remember that after world war one retreat, north side took away the german economy risk, the argument that german colonial policy is quantified as civilized now as the risk of being, as they make cynical. but the terms of reparation are

actually decided by those who have the power of the physician and not why those who read the meaning of railroad as a non mark web, i had a job. ready but at the roadside trinity, the other colonial powers dealt with germany. s one. the colonial power was rich was defeated. but for obvious reasons, they did not impose reparations on germany for the colonial, wasn't use his fight. the fact that they pointed to the colonial prophecy, profess o'clock he went to an agreement back, i'll bring you in on this whole issue of reparations, and how clever your pals deal with each other. and also this issue of the un and where it stands in more than 21st century. i mean, i think one of the things that you and has been emphasizing in the last 10 years also is that especially in many parts of africa,

colonialism in many ways didn't die. the neo colonialism of these european actors is also very important. it's not only about european states dealing with things, but happened in the colonial period. it's also about how they relate to african states. today i've been doing trade on equal terms of development packages formulated according to the needs of local people, as opposed to power break is in, in european capitals. that this whole issue about the colonizing isn't only about doing redress events 10503050 years ago. it's, it's also about more equal relationships to die. and i think that is something that many european states, even though that you and pressure are still very reluctant to engage with, certainly one to watch and certainly a very interesting development, certainly for southern africa. unfortunately, we have to leave the program, but it's been fascinating. speaking to all of you, i'm sure we'll be revisiting the subject in the not too distant future to my guess . penner broke in when talk heading melba in of solar in sweden and to professor

phil clark. in london, thank you so much for joining me on this edition of inside story. and thank you for watching as well. now you can see all of our previous programs again, anytime by visiting our website down there, a dot com for further discussion. go to our facebook page, and that's facebook dot com forward slash a j inside story. now you can also join the conversational twitter handle there is at a j inside story from me and the inside story scene. thanks very much for your time . and your company, ah, ah june on a jessie, who will take half honey's place will bring you the latest from iran presidential election on june 18th. the bottom line returns to discuss current development and

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on out there are abuse and then accused by the government of failing to safeguard their families. and the fault lines investigates, institution life victim blaming that is leading to survivors of domestic abuse being separated from their children. how many of those removal do you think were absolutely necessary? probably like 510 percent of the cases that most the abuser needs to be held accountable. not the mother failure to protect on a jersey chin in to al jazeera english and h t for the best experience to say english h d 's available across europe on satellites. usually the 13 sci astro, long chaos and astra to g. starting fast to july 221 altitude english se across europe will only be available on full 5124182800078. for further

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