door safari alpha 0. ron prosecutors in argentina have began questioning the medical team that care for cared for argentinean football, san diego, my don't know before his death last year, 7 health professionals including his personal doctor, are being investigated for manslaughter. madonna died of heart failure 2 weeks after having brain surgery. after the hearing said, judge will decide whether the case should go to trial. ah, hello again. i'm fully battle with the headlines on al jazeera president, joe biden has reaffirmed the united states commitment to nato. it marks a major shifts from his predecessor, donald trump, during this time its members of the ally and stuff in their stance. again, russia and accused china of being a security challenge. fencing russia in china, both seeking to drive a wedge in our transatlantic solidarity. we're seeing an increase in malicious

cyber activity. but our alliance, just a strong foundation, nato stands together. that's how we met every other threatened the past. it's our greatest strength as meet our challenges of the future and our many and everyone. everyone in that room today understood the shared appreciation. quite frankly, that america is back. the chief prosecutor of the international criminal court has requested permission to open a investigation into the death of a lead drug dealers in the philippines. she says, crimes against humanity may have been committed during the government struck down the u. n. u n. the refugee agencies being accused of improperly collecting and sharing personal data from rank refugees in bangladesh. a human rights watch report says the information was given to me, unmindful, using possible repatriation often without informed consent man, mar,

supposed leader ensemble cheese expected to face more charges. on the 2nd day of her trial. on monday she was charged with reaching over 19 regulations, illegally possessing walkie talkies and breaking import export roles. her supporters say the trial is bogus and politically motivated. members of congress in the us have held a moment of silence as the number of cope in 1900. that's their approaches. 600000 . the u. s. accounts for 15 percent of the global death toll and israel's new government has approved a controversial march by jewish nationalists. a day after enough, tiny bennett became prime minister is feared the gathering. couldn't blame tensions with palestinians far right. groups planned to march around occupied these true slims walled old city on tuesday, where tensions remain high after recent fighting. those are the headlines coming up next on archers here. it's the documentary signed in a golden age. stay with us. on june 18th,

iran was told the presidential election will take her sound on his place, put a conservative candidate to succeed, the moderate leader. and what impact on national and global politics join us the latest results analysis of the iran addiction on algebra. once upon a time, the ideal of robots was the symbol of a futuristic world world in which the technology and machine replaced human labor. to a large extent, that world is with us today in the 21st century. but the idea of what lease automated machine is much older than you might see during the heyday of a golden age of fire between the 14th century engineers from across the atlantic world, from the middle east of southern spain. built many incredible devices, water clocks, automatic setting machines, and a number of other innovative creation. i'm team actually the british professor of electrical physics born in back that i've been researching some of the mechanical

wonders of this golden age of fire. and comparing them to the engineering and technological advances of the modern world, i use, [000:00:00;00] ah, ah, few years we've been promised that we have robots in our homes carrying out household chores. and that hasn't really happened. well, here's something that might change or back. in this lab, the developing a prototype robot,

we might sometime soon have in our kitchen at home. the news. this is the molly robotic kitchen. a pair of fully computerized mechanical arm set in purpose built capital the, the arms replicate the movements of a human shift. and today the robot cooking the crab. ah. so you can see it move. not like a robot. the motion, not going to very simple. movies you get a robot, but a very human and fluid need using motion capture. we recorded movements of a chef hand while that cooking a real recipe. and then this system will reproduce those movements exactly. in principle, it should be exactly as good the cook as if i'm off the shift according to the shepherd, more consistent than the human chef. so when a chef is cooking,

they call it always get the timing, the temperature, the amount. exactly right. this is always get the same mess around the same time with the variable we get the same drip because it's repeat very likely that the same motions. i mean, at the moment you have to have all the ingredients at exactly the right place. because of course, the robot is operating line doesn't offline best and none can't field and can't see what is one of the reasons robots have made it into the home yet is to deal with 3 dimensions in complex lighting environment. the planning actually intelligently being able to make decisions like old faulty is not where right guy couldn't find it, recognize it. yes. and you can try to find it hiding behind something or mixing the things that look similar sort of thing that we take for granted. it's very,

very easy to keep hard so we've taken a much simpler approach, not the standardized, everything in the kitchen and make it a very controlled environment. we control lighting and define positions for the green. now we can just run this recipe. it works every single time. ah, i lost the pallet out, a few drops. the if was eaten it in a restaurant, it's cooked by human ship. i guess i wouldn't be surprised that enjoy it. for some reason i, i wasn't quite expecting it to taste so nice and to. i mean this is exactly as a chef would cook it. i mean, i've witnessed a robot making me a very nice dish. of course, this robot relies on the very latest technology. but what was the state of the art at the beginning of the golden age?

well, we find out in the key target, or the book of tricks written around 850 a the by the 3, the new mussa brothers. the book contains a range of ingenious inventions and contractions, everything from entertainment to making life easier. things like water dispensing devices, a self correcting lamp, and lots of different mechanical tools. they drew their inspiration from ancient greek chinese, persian and indian engineering. but its belief that the inventions in the book go much further than anything else that had been seen before. ah, at the museum, let me call dave an early copy of the key tablet. he on, in the collection the, i'm really excited about this manuscript because it's probably one of the most famous texts from the medieval world. the original was written in midnight century by the, by new mussa. brothers. one was an astronomer, one was

a mathematician. a mom was in the nation a and they were really the center of scientific life. in fact, in the golden age of science basset, keyless mood recognize the talents of the brothers from an early age and sent them to study in the house of wisdom in baghdad. where great texts were gathered from across the globe and translated into arabic. during that time, in the house of wisdom, they grew and influence. and even became patrons of other translators, as well as translation, they wrote many works of their own looting the book of drink. it's good to have it here, which literally means the book, a tricks book, a trickery, but they're not to mix in the sense of magic contractions. and devices. executive toys is probably the best term for it, but i mean it's full of beautiful diagrams showing valves and leave is, and gears and very,

very clever. they employed these incredibly forward thinking processes, things that weren't really adapted until many centuries, like things like crime shows. they were using things like differences in precious liquids and also in air to make things appear to move by themselves to action, to their own volition, the famous robotic flu plan that operate through sort of water pressure. yep. and there's the self trimming lamp. there's, there's all these kind of things that must have seemed like magic at the time. hence, the idea of trickery. i guess a lot of the ideas do go back to the ancient greeks, people like archimedes, for instance, but they're putting them together in a way that was slightly different. yes, it's not just translation movement. it's rethinking these as well. the stuff in this book is more than just fun toys. it tells us that what they were doing at this time is mid 9th century,

the venice of the golden age. they were carrying out proper scientific experimentation with the john scott is a mechanical engineer based in cambridge in the u. k. he builds and tests historic inventions. and currently he reconstructing one of the been new mussa brothers, most complicated devices. ready the flute which plays itself by jim, here's the device. fantastic. are you even got the little character? yeah, yes. so most of brothers a said to have built it wrote about that place. yeah. yeah. how much detail was that? you could get hold of the allow you to reproduce. well, there was a reasonable amount, there are references, but there are different,

apparently different translations. so some things and not entirely clear, presumably modern scholars historian, looking back at this, there's a lot of guesswork and about how they solve the problem. they said talk me through it. how does this work? right? well, the basic principle is that there is a driveway over here which operates this rotating drum. that would have been water power is a riley. and there are a series of effectively cams, which lift little arms which then seal or unseal. they tone holes only on the flute . an air come passes through comes in here. okay, what can we have a demonstration? we all get a little tone right in this year. i take no mo, it is what you might call program to make scale, but you could make it by very nice

boot. so you've got this just as a scale. but of course, these could be rewrite yes. in a sense, this is an early programmable is very much, and if you think it's way before musical boxes, which was sort of 6700 century mentions, but yes it's, it's a very clever thing for that for the period. but of course, you use a pressurized air supply to blow the air through. how would the bending mussa brothers have done this? well, far as we know from the reference is there are 2 ways. one was apparently to provide a steam supply, a very low pressure steam supply center itself is, well, it is the power. yes, the right. the other way of doing it was to use a system of chambers, 2 chambers, which could be filled up with water and emptied. if you imagine the 2 chambers, as one is filling up, the other one is going down. this one, filling up the air trapped is being fed into here, and then this one starts to empty. this one starts to fill in the attract in there isn't, provides the continuous flow, right?

so it's like this operation much like a conventional bellows, but this is a water powered by those so, so the whole contraption is really water power moving the the wheels and cold. yeah. water powering pushing yeah. through it. yeah. it seem with a general philosophy because they are obviously evolved a lot in water lifting water movement devices. so water was obviously as a motive power very much in mind. so i imagine when they came to develop this water power was the 1st thing they thought of to make it work. me played a key role in many medieval engineering projects, both large and small. the stomach world inherited many techniques of irrigation water supply from the egyptian greeks and romans. this beautiful structure is an underground water reservoir in constantinople,

modern day assembled. it was built by the romans in the 6th century. the engineers of the golden age preserved this, that they also modified, improved and constructed their own water projects. they develop new techniques to capture, store, and res water use many sophisticated hydrophilic pumps and water. raising devices were developed by al jazeera, one of the most prolific engineers of the manic world. born in the 12th century, he served as a royal engineer at the arctic lou palace in what is now turkey. i stumbles, museum of the history of science and technology in islam. they've built working models of some of l. january's water devices, dr. debt, left quinton explains them to me. ah. as you have looked inside this building,

you can see the donkey and this donkey moving mechanism. bringing into running these gears as you can see, and then lifting the water up to these channels. that's a quite a sophisticated machine. it is a sofa. and generally he was fascinating engineering the water device like hell. january's were hugely important throughout the a stomach world as their empire spread across the globe. engineers of the golden age built reservoirs, unimpressive dams, many of which still survive today across the middle east and slamming spain, as well as these dams, in places like corda, iran and syria irrigation was also provided by norie and from the arabic, not all which a giant scooping water wheel, but as populations grew throughout the atlantic world, it became necessary to have more advance devices. and towards the end of the 12th

century, l. january, develop sophisticated water pumps. so have a more sophisticated water listing devices. as the water moves the water wheel round, that's moving backwards for this like a double piston, pumping up the water through both pipes. right up to the tower. it lifts and pumps water up to a height of 11 meter l jessie re combined several sophisticated mechanisms. the pump works via the valve, the a partial vacuum causing the water to be sucked up from the river below. this top is also remarkable because it has a double action. each side takes it in turn. this double pumping makes it much more efficient. the machine is driven by the river itself, which turns

a water wheel. and that water wheel is attached to gears and to pistons. water is sucked up from the river by the pistons, which slide back and forth as the beer turns. by doing this, al jerry is converting the rotating movements of the water wheel into a linear side to side motion. it's possibly the earliest description of a crank slider, a fundamental components of many modern machines, including car engines. ah, ah, we know about till january devices. because he wrote about them in great detail and the copy of his greatest work exist right here in the stumble. ah, the ottoman has conquered constantinople, modern days stumble towards the end of the golden age. and when they took power,

many thousands of manuscript for transferred here to stumble. ah ah, this is a wonderful text. it dates back to the mid 1200. the title of the book is catawba, john n, me well, which translates father can tell to the complete book of knowledge and work. what is lovely about it is that throughout the text of these wonderful vivid color diagrams of his contractions and devices, they get increasingly complex and ingenious. this is a particular favorite of mine because it depicts an animal and ok, so a donkey which is supposedly turning this axis and acting to pump the water. but at least one account suggests that the actually the animal is it needed. a tool is

only there. so is not to scare people into thinking this some kind of magic. essentially, the water is in the river here. and as it drops down below the river, the energy, the kinetic energy of the water, turns this axis by set of gears, which operates a vertical axis and spins it. that in turns operates another gear. we lift the water in these vessels up to a higher level. so self sustaining is beautiful and you don't need an ox or a donkey to operate at school. i was on the moon in the snomed owner of the faith required to pray specific times during the day. and so knowing the time accurately is very

important to day clocks like this outside the mosque gives the precise time to suppress the o . l. january and other engineers of the golden age devised a great many clocks which were more accurate and elaborate than what had gone before. l. jesse re wrote about clocks that rely don't candles were driven by weights, or were regulated by water. but his most famous creation was the extravagance elephant club. me ah, professor beer is one of the scholars of the engineers of the golden age. he

studied the original description of the, written in just a really great tech will up that will just in the media to the major within the tyler, the mediator who made would they deny them? well, more than i know you're pulled to all the details about. the mechanisms are all written in this book. the elephant clock not only showcases the height of sophistication in mechanics at the time. it's also an early representation of the multiculturalism that existed during the golden age. she parker, who does any rod can really joke. you're listening to this. what she wanted that you didn't tell me more? no tv years. i've just been my job is that the young previous told me on my sort edge, petroleum ah,

the clock tell us the time with an indicator at the top showing the number of hours in sunrise put the main mechanism for this clock is hidden inside the elephant belly of both the float, sort of water tank and every half hour creates an eye catching display. the bowl slowly fills with water from a home in its bottom and sinks off the half an hour when it thinks it holds a series of pulleys and strings which run all the way to the top of the clock. they connect the bowl to a candle of bulls which is concealed in the tongue. the talking of the police and drinks causes the channel to tilt. and so one ball is released. this makes the bird on the top spin round and the time indicator advances. the ball travels through and falls from a full can speak into a serpent mouth holding it. and this call is the elephant driver to beat the elephant. as the mechanisms inside the clock are triggered the floating bo this

pull back and start filling with water again. for the next half hour ah ah. ready there's another inventor who's been associated with perhaps one of the most extravagant claims of the golden age. a blast had been for now lived in the 9th century the same time as the new mussa brothers and came from and to see it. amongst achievements, studied glass extensively devising a new method of manufacturing colored glass and even making early corrective lenses a precursor to reading. but that's one story about him which if truth is absolutely remarkable, human kind has always dreamt to flight. since long before the right brothers built their 1st airplane, in fact, we know that back in the 15th century,

the united has been changed through diagrams of glide, should be 700 years before davinci abbas had been for not had already taken to the skies. andy green is a pilot with the british royal air force, and i want to get his opinion on whether it been for us could really have made himself fly over a 1000 years ago. the news, the story goes that we are not devoted years of his life to building when made for wooden birds account, say that he jumped off a towel or a hillside and remained to minute sailing over the flat lands outside corridor. but just how likely is this story to have been true? i'd love to think it was possible, but he's got some big challenges in doing that. and i 1000 years ago having the engineering structural technology to be able to produce the wings. the materials at the time would have left him with

a very heavy flying machine. he would have had to run awfully quickly to get it able and even faster to survive. the landing the having the center of gravity in exactly the right place. and actually having the control to be able to control the roll pitch, the your, there's a 100 years of design and development has gone into the technology on this airplane right now. the also makes the even more challenging is that supposedly he didn't even have a tail attached to his wings, which would have made landing pretty problematic again. well, very simply, without this pace, this airplane will not fly. or indeed, you wouldn't be able to control the lift when you come into landing. the i would love to believe that it is possible he could have done this, but more importantly,

he is recognized as one of the pioneers of the show that it might be apocryphal. but it's what he stood for as, as an innovator, as an inspiration and later generations, that's important to us talk of the amazing story of the ocean. ah, we don't know if the hill, whether possible or not the story is true. but what we do know is that there were incredible engineers and inventors during the clinic world in the golden age. men like l january and the new mussa brothers, who created incredible mechanisms to build intricate and detailed inventions over a 1000 years ago. the next time we look at how the

scholars of the golden age started to develop the field of chemistry. oh wow. we see how they created new equipment and industrialized chemical processing. we put the fuel on the phone cues and how they began to turn the superstition of alchemy into the science of chemistry. so important to our lives today with discover a world of difference determination. i'm coming down, we are moving freedom. we saw on the 16th corruption and compassion, the just 0 world selection of the best films from across our network of

channels. the latest news, as it breaks from a violent escalation in many parts of the country becoming increasingly real with detail coverage conditions are really clean until the local administrator has said that they've already detected several cases of cholera from around the world. a couple of 100 migrant children have been found places on the mainland to alleviate the pressure in the air to talk to al jazeera, we are in the army were attacking ringer, and now they're attacking everyone in me on my do you regret? well, it's like we listen, absolutely. nigeria with a woman presses, it would be great. we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that matter on sera chin. and i'll just say english in h t for the best experience to say english h d 's available across europe on satellites, usually the 13 sci astro,

long and astro. 2 g. starting 1st of july, 221 altitude english se across europe will only be available on 45124182800078. for further information, visit our website. ah, they to stand together. that's how we met every other threatened. the past. joe biden reaffirmed us support for nato as the lions. his leaders take a taffy stance on china. ah, hello, this is al jazeera live from dill, fully by people also coming up. the international criminal court says crimes