we have time to share the wall and work on it. we then have to diet to natural and made by us by people like be 13 cool, says she still getting used to the new technology. we've gone down there yet, but out of what a bit afraid of the new technology because we're not ready. they want to tell us they will deposit the money in the bank, but i don't know whether they will do it. we're also afraid of hacking and all those things the pin demick is having an impact all across the country. but in remote regions, it is forcing people to adapt and use technology to survive. there is i will as jessina who we identity now. ah, this is al jazeera, these are the top stories, the polls closed in iran's presidential election, the hardline head of the judiciary. abraham bracy is the clear front runner among

a narrow field for contenders. the state of the economy and high unemployment with some of the issues dominating the boat on friday. many iranians chose to stay away from the polling booths, as, as at bay reports now from tehran. people the effect because they didn't see some of the people that they wanted to stand in the selection figured out to stand the problem in performance. a moderate candidate that would disqualified by the guardian cancelled that victim buddies. many people saw that as an attempt to make it easier for the french. now, judicial judiciary, chief ibrahim, right, to make it easier for him to stand. there was a real prominent opposition against him, so it makes it easier for him to become president. in fact, the reform is candidate from the 2009 election meet the st. louis, who has previously voted intellectual even under the rest, he came back and said he would be cutting the election. the us is pulling equipment and hundreds of troops and personnel out of the middle east. the pentagon has

confirmed reports. the anti missile batteries were being removed from iraq, key weight, jordan and saudi arabia. it comes 2 years after the military presence in the region grew with tensions with iran escalated. the un general assembly has passed a resolution calling for arms embargo against me and mom. the non binding boat condemning the military coup in february was backed by a 119 countries, but china and many of me in mas other neighbors, abstained. the palestinian authority has rejected a deal with israel to receive more than a 1000000 cobra, 1900 vaccines that were close to their expiry date of vaccine swap. with an answer earlier on friday, the city and say they were told the doses would last in july and august. however, instead received 90000 jobs that would expire this month. you are right up to speed with all the top stories, more news in half an hour up next science in a golden age. we will see you very soon. bye bye. holds parliamentary elections on

june 21. more at state than the result. the countries ranked my troubles at home and beyond its borders. can this vote set back on the road to peace and stability? ethiopia, monumental reelection on al jazeera. once upon a time, the ideal of robots was the symbol of a futuristic world world in which the technology and machine replace human labor to a large extent, that will is with us today in the 21st century. but the idea of what least automated machines is much older than you might see during the heyday of a golden age of fire between the 14th century engineers from across the atlantic world. from the middle east, the southern spain built many incredible devices war to clocks, automatic setting machines, and a number of other innovative creation. i'm team actually the british professor of electrical born him back that i've been researching some of the mechanical wonders

of this golden age of fire and comparing them to the engineering and technological advances of the modern world. the news ah, ah, the fee is we can promise that we have robots in our home carrying out household chores. and that hasn't really happened. well, here's something that might change all that. in this lab, the developing a prototype robot, we might sometime soon have in our kitchen at home. the

news, this is the molly robot, the kitchen, a pair of fully computerized mechanical arm set in a purpose built cantfield. ah, the arms replicate the movements of a human shift, and today the robot cooking the crab. ah. so you can see it move, not like a robot. the motion is not going to very simple. moving to get a robot that a very human and fluid need using motion capture, we recorded movements of a chef hand while that cooking a real recipe. and then this system will reproduce those movements. exactly, the principal, it should be exactly as good the cook as if i'm off the shit, according to the check, is more consistent than the human check. so when a chef is cooking, they call it always get the timing, the temperature,

the amount directly, right? this will get the same mess around the source time with the variable we get the same trip because it's repeated back to the same motion. i mean, at the moment you have to have all the ingredients at exactly the right place because of course, the robot is operating line. isn't it offline spectrum, numb canfield and can't see what one of the reasons robots have made it into the home yet. how difficult it is to deal with the 3 divisions in complex lighting environments, doing the planning actually intelligently being able to make decisions like old salty is not where i couldn't find it. recognize it. yes. and even try to find it, hiding behind something or mixed in the things that look similar sort of thing that we take, for example, and very, very easy to keep hard. so we've taken a much simpler approach. that's the standard,

either everything in the kitchen to make it a very controlled environment, controlled lighting, and define positions for the grid. now we can just run this recipe. it works every single time who's lost the kind of a few drops in trouble. who's it was eaten it in a restaurant? it's cooked by human shift. i guess i wouldn't be surprised that enjoy it for some reason i, i wasn't quite expecting it to taste so nice and i mean this is exactly as a chef would cook it. i mean, i've witnessed a robot making me a very nice dish. of course this robot relies on the very latest technology. but what was the state of the art at the beginning of the golden age? well, we find out in the top will see on, on the book of tricks written around 850

a, the by the 3, the new mussa brothers. the book contains a range of ingenious inventions and contractions. everything from entertainment to making life easier. things like water dispensing devices, a self correcting lamp, and lots of different mechanical tools. they drew the inspiration from ancient greek chinese, persian and indian engineering. but its belief that the inventions in the book go much further than anything else that had been seen before. ah, the museum of the slimy. com, dave and the copy of the key tablet in the collection i. i'm really excited about this manuscript because it's probably one of the most famous texts from the medieval world. the original was written in midnight century by the by new mussa. brothers, one was in the store, number one was a mathematician. a mom was in the nation

a and they were really the center of scientific life. in fact, in the golden age of science, the apostle keyless mood recognize the talents of the brothers from an early age and sent them to study in the house of wisdom in baghdad, where great texts were gathered from across the globe and translated into arabic. during that time, in the house of wisdom, they grew in influence and even became patrons of other translators, as well as translation, they wrote many works of their own, including the book of tricks. it's called the could have it here, which literally means the book tricks a trickery, but they're not to mix in the sense of magic tricks. contractions and devices. exec toys is probably the best term for it. but i mean it's full of beautiful diagrams showing valves and leave is, and gears and very, very clever. they employed incredibly forward thinking processes,

things that weren't really adapted until many centuries, like things like crankshaft, they were using things like differences in precious, in liquid and also in air to make things appear to move by themselves to action their own volition. there's the famous robotic flu plan and operate through sort of water pressure. yep. and there's the self trimming lamp. there's, there's all these kind of things that must have seen like magic at the time. hence the idea of trickery. i guess a lot of the ideas do go back to reaction griggs, people like archimedes, for instance, but they're putting them together in a way that was slightly different. yes, it's not just translation movement. it's rethinking these as well. the stuff in this book is more than just fun toys. it tells us that what they were doing at this time is mid 9th century, dennis of the golden age. they were carrying out the proper scientific

experimentation with the john scott is a mechanical engineer based in cambridge, in the u. k. ah, he builds and tests historic conventions. and currently he reconstructing one of the been new mussa brothers, most complicated devices. ready the flutes, which plays itself by jim, here's the device that you even got little carrick. yeah, yes. so the venue most of the brothers are said to have built, wrote about this. this is the place. yeah. how much detail was that you could get hold of to allow you to reproduce? well, there was a reasonable, there are references, but there are different, apparently different translations. so some things are not entirely clear.

presumably, modern scholars historian, looking back at this, there's a lot of guesswork and how they solve the problem. they said talk me through it. how does this work? right? well, the basic principle is that there is a drive wheel here which operates this rotating drum. that would be water power riley. and there are a series of effectively cams, which lift little arms which then see hello, unseal the tone holes only on the flute. an air come passes through comes in here. okay, what can we have a demonstrate? yeah, we can all get a little tone right now, which is what you might call program to make scale vertical. you could make to that bit by very nice boot. so

you've got this just a scale, but of course these could be real, right? yes. in a sense, this is an early programmable, it's very much. and if you think it way before musical boxes, which was sort of 6700 century mentions, but yes it's, it's a very clever thing for the period. but of course, you use a pressurized air supply to blow the air through. how would the been and most of us have done this well, far as we know from the references, there are 2 ways. one was apparently to provide a steam supply. a very low, precious theme supplied itself is a theme power? yes. the same power, right? the other way of doing it was to use a system of chambers to chambers which could be filled up with water and emptied. if you imagine the 2 chambers as one is filling up, the other one is going down. this one, filling up the air trapped is being fed into here, and then this one starts to empty. this one starts to fill in the attract in there isn't, provides the continuous flow, right? so it's like this operation much like a conventional bellows, but this is

a water pad bellows. so the whole contraption is cont, was really water power moving the, the wheels and cold. yeah. water powering pushing. yes. yes. right. yeah, it seem with a general philosophy because they're obviously evolved a lot in water lifting water movement devices. so water was obviously as a most power, very much in mind. so i imagine when they came to develop this water power thing they thought of to make it work for me to play the key role in many medieval engineering projects, both large and small. this limit world inherited many techniques of irrigation water supply from the egyptian greeks and romans. this beautiful structure is an underground water reservoir in constantinople, modern day, a stem ball that was built by the romans in the 6th century. the engineers of the

golden age preserved this, that they also modified, improved and constructed their own water project. to develop new techniques to capture, store, and res water use many sophisticated hydronic pumps and water raising devices would be vetted by l. jaceria. one of the most prolific engineers of the world, ah, born in the 12th century, he served as a royal engineer at the art of lou palace in what is now turkey assembles museum of the history of science and technology in islam. they've built working models of some of l. jeffries, water devices, dr. debt, left quinton explains them to me. ah. you have a look inside this building. you can see the donkey and this donkey moving

mechanism, bringing into running these gears as you can see. and then lifting the water up to these channels. that's quite a sophisticated machine. it is a sofa. and generally he was more fascinating engineering with water devices like how generous were hugely important throughout your stomach world as their empire spread across the globe. engineers of the golden age built reservoirs, unimpressive dams, many of which still survive today across the middle east. and islam explain as well as these dams, in places like cord of iran and syria. irrigation was also provided by norion from the arabic not all of which a giant scooping water wheel. but as populations grew throughout the atlantic world, it became necessary to have more advance devices. and towards the end of the 12th century, l, gerry developed sophisticated water pumps. so have

a more sophisticated water listing devices as the water moves the water wheel round. that's moving backwards for this like a double piston pumping up the water through both pipes right up to the tower. it lifts and pumps water up to a height of 11 meter l jessie re combined several sophisticated mechanisms. the pump works via the valve that create a partial vacuum causing the water to be suck top from the river below. this top is also remarkable because it has a double action. each side takes it in turn. this double pumping makes it much more efficient. the machine is driven by the river itself, which turns a water wheel. and that water wheel is attached to gears and 2 pistons.

water is sucked up from the river by the pistons, which slide back and forth as the deer turns. by doing this, al jazeera is converting the rotating movement of the water wheel into a linear side to side motion. it's possibly the earliest description of a crank slider, a fundamental components of many modern machines, including car engines. ah, ah, we know about till january devices. because he wrote about them in great detail, and the copy of his greatest work exist right here in the stumble. ah, the ottoman has conquered constantinople, one day, stumble towards the end of the golden age. and when they took power, many thousands of manuscripts for transferred here, sir, stumble ah ah,

this is a wonderful text. it dates back to the mid 1200. the title of the book is key to other job. fill me what i'm as which try was late father can tell to the complete book of knowledge and work. what is lovely about it is that throughout the text of these wonderful vivid color diagrams of his contractions and devices, they get increasingly complex and ingenious. this is a particular favorite of mine because it depicts an animal, an ox, or donkey, which is supposedly turning this axis and acting to pump the water. but at least one account suggests that the, actually the animal is it needed its haul is only there. so it was not to scare people to thinking this some kind of magic. essentially,

the water is in the river here. and as it drops down below the river, the energy, the kinetic energy of the water, turns this axis by set of gears, which operates a vertical axis and spins in that, in terms operates another gear. we lift the water in these vessels up to a higher level. so it's self sustaining. it's beautiful and you don't need an ox or don't keep to operate at all. i, you know, long on the moon in the snomed followers of the faith required to pray specific times during the day. and so knowing the time accurately is very important today, looks like this. outside the mosque gives the precise time to suppress

the o . l. january. and other engineers of the golden age devised a great many clocks which were more accurate and elaborate than what had gone before. l. jesse re wrote about clocks that rely, i don't, candles were driven by weights, or were regulated by water. but his most famous creation was the extravagance elephant. call me ah, ah, professor beer is one of the scholars of the engineers of the golden age. he studied the original description of the clock written in there is great will up

that will just in me to the major between the tyler the major who made would they deny them more than i and then you're pulled to all the details about the mechanisms are all written in this book, the elephant clock not only showcases the height of sophistication in mechanics at the time. it's also an early representation of the multiculturalism that existed join golden age. she your parking lot, does any rod can really joke, return your list of the years? she no one is that i didn't have a few years wish them and i just took the young previous hold mechanism. us or touch petroleum with the clock. tell

us a time with an indicator at the top showing the number of hours in sunrise. but the main mechanism for this clock is hidden inside the elephant belly of both that float sort of water tank and every half hour creates an eye catching display. the ball slowly fills with water from a home in its bottom and sinks off the half an hour when it thinks it holds a series of pulleys and strings which run all the way to the top of the clock. they connect the bowl to a candle of bulls which is concealed in the top. the talking of the police and strings causes the channel to tilt, and so one ball is released. this makes the bird on the top spin round and the time indicator advances. the bowls travels through and falls from a full can speak into a mouth holding it. and this call is the elephant driver to beat the elephant. as the mechanisms inside the clock triggered the floating bo this pull back and start filling with water again for the next half hour.

ah ah. ready there's another inventor who's been associated with perhaps one of the most extravagant claims of the golden age. a blast had been torn. others lived in the 9th century the same time as the new mussa brothers, and came from endless c. amongst achievements, he studied last extensively, devising a new method of manufacturing colored glass, and even making early corrective lenses a precursor to reading classes. but that's one story about him which if truth is absolutely remarkable, human kind has always dreamt to flight. since long before the right brothers built their 1st airplane, in fact, we know that back in the 15th century, the united has been changed through diagrams of glided to be 700 years before

davinci abbas had been for not had already taken to the skies. and the green is a pilot with the british royal air force, and i want to get his opinion on whether it been for us could really have made himself fly over a 1000 years ago. the news, the story goes that we are not devoted years of his life to building when made for wooden bird account. say that he jumped off a towel or a hillside and remained to minute sailing over the flat lands outside court. just how likely is this story to have been true? i'd love to think it was possible, but he's got some big challenges to doing that. and i 1000 years ago having the engineering structural technology to be able to produce the wings. the materials at the time would have left him with a very heavy flying machine. he would have had to run off really quickly to get it

able and even faster to survive. the landing the, having the center of gravity in exactly the right place and actually having the control to be able to control the roll pitch the your, there's a 100 years of design and development has gone into the technology on this airplane right now. the news also make the even more challenging is that supposedly he didn't even have a tail attached to his wings, which would have made landing for t problematic, i guess. well, very simply, without this pace, this airplane will not fly. or indeed, you won't be able to control will lift when you come into landing the. i would love to believe that it is possible he could have done this, but more importantly, he is recognized as one of the pioneers of the show that it might be apocryphal.

but it's what he stood for as, as an innovator, as an inspiration to late generations. it's important. he is part of the amazing story of the ocean. ah, we don't know for sure with a possible or not the story is true. but what we do know is that there were incredible engineers and inventors during the summer world in the golden age, men like l january and the new mussa brothers, who created incredible mechanisms to build intricate and detailed inventions over a 1000 years ago. the next time we look at how the scholars of the golden age started to develop the field of chemistry. oh wow. we

see how they created new equipment and industrialized chemical processing. we put the fuel upon hughes and how they began to turn the superstition of alchemy into the science of chemistry so important to our lives today. the news in the next episode of science in a golden age, i'll be exploring the contributions made by scholars during the medieval period in the field of chemistry. they transformed the superstition of alchemy into the science of chemistry. many of his chemical procedures, all those which make today oh wow. science and a golden age with professor jim is on al jazeera ah,

ah ah, allegations of torture emerging under the military cracked in $11.00 east investigate the secret detention center i make on the defective to reveal like one out of the or when the news breaks and the story bills when people need to be heard, nigeria with a woman press would be great. and the story needs to be told algebra, her teens on the ground to bring you more award winning documentary and life needs . the discussion here in iran is moving away from the presidential election to questioning the system. there's really no way that they can sort of think syria is economy as collapsing on online

ah, al jazeera, as a use all the me. the polls close in iran's presidential election to meet accusations of a staged competition. ah, again, peters, i'll be here and you're watching al jazeera alive from headquarters. also coming up the un adopt the resolution calling for global arms boy court against me and plus i'm tony chang on the time border fighting has forced more than

a 100000 people into the jungle, but essential supplies are running. it also had no deal a vaccine exchange agreement.