to physically embrace then return to their side of the border. the us authorities usually monitor the event, but they do not intervene. americans celebrating a new federal holiday to mark the end of slavery more than 150 years ago. the student team says a day of celebration and education, especially in galveston, texas. that's where the last group of enslaved people learned their emancipation on june the 19th 1865, following the end of the civil war. that was after nearly 250 years of the legal enslavement of black americans. ah to 30 g. exactly. let's up big talk story so far today. iran hardline chief of the judiciary. abraham bracy has one friday's presidential election. however, the voter turnout was the lowest in the history of the atlantic republic. the us

state department says iranians were denied a free and fair election process. but washington will continue negotiations to say the 2015 nuclear deal behind the scenes in direct talks between iran and the us are continuing in vienna. iran's foreign minister java reef says it's going well and they can reach an agreement before racy officially takes over. in august there is a good possibility that we will reach an agreement before the end of our tenure as as how soon so we are supposed to leave office by mid august. and i think there is a good possibility that we can reach an agreement very before mid others. the talks are going on right now as we speak, i just read the latest text edited is being discussed in vienna. the text is getting cleaner and cleaner. the brackets are being removed,

so the rebate says it's intercepted 6 om drones launched by humans who see rebels. most of the drones were fired towards hummus mas shades in the kingdom south west. saudi state tv says air defenses intercepted 17 drones in total. over the past 24 hours, more than 500000 brazilians have now died of the corona virus. thousands of people are protesting across the country and the demanding, the impeachment of the president valuable sinatra. rival protests, the taking place in the peruvian capital, lima by supporters of the 2 opposing presidential candidates. and he bought a break which started in the southeast of guinea in february has been declared over by the health ministry. and the w. h shows 16 people were infected, 12 of them died during outbreak in the 2nd largest city in guinea. those i get headlines. the listening post is next. i will see you very soon to the moment. thanks for watching. i talked to al jazeera,

we are in the army were attacking ringo and now they're attacking everyone and me on my do you regret words like that? we listen. absolutely. nigeria with a woman present, it would be great. we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that matter on sierra perry and jerry, we have a government operate house which has been condemned by some painters. diplomat says, a gas shipping of the bird has been timing for now. hopefully, that does not damage the unity of the country. alarm richard gilbert in europe, the listening post where we don't cover the news, we cover the way the news is covered. here are the media stories. we're examining this week. nigeria, the tweet from the president's account, that ended up getting twitter back right across the country election day. you now, jerry, the government is feeling the heat on the street. it's responses to arrest journalists

and take a broadcaster off the air, stereotypes, van. and now, postcards from the colonial era that shaped perceptions of africa and its people, and exposing the film industry, the shaman revise, you undergo the ritual, germany, and some of the stereotypes, it cannot resist to this very day. we begin with africa, the most populous country nigeria, $200000000.00 plus a market with the most internet users on the continent. 2 weeks ago, the government led by former military man mohammed doable harry put an indefinite ban on twitter. a platform used by roughly 40000000 citizens. the ban was announced just after twitter had deleted a tweet by the president himself. that violated the companies rules on abusive behavior. there was some threatening language and they're aimed at secessionist in the south. nigeria is 2 years away from its next national election,

a country wide movement hash tag and stars out to stop police brutality has put the bu, hardy government on the defensive. and twitter has been central to that story for organizers, activists and the journalists covering members of the bu, hardy government have long warned of the dangers of social media. now its reportedly looking to china, the architect of the great firewall for ideas on how to bring critical voices under government control. our starting point this week as my jury is biggest city lagos, ah, to understand how twitter has come to be banned in nigeria, you have to start with the history of the civil war 50 years ago over the region of via the war crimes that were committed to the humanitarian catastrophe that unfold. then at in the recent flare ups and power struggles in that same area of the country. that's part of the context. and that is

why president mohammed dupel hardy's tweet, the one that warned his opponent, that those of us who went through the war will treat them in the language they understand, was so offensive. in talking about treating people in the language. this is like the have the demo government talking about the it like that which was on the season one day talking about the genocide that happened. do you mean that the women that were rip, that's the band with band. do you mean the estimate that 3000000 people that were killed during the war on the language on the band with withers response was not to block the president's account or to band to hurry from the platform. just deleted his tweet for violating its policy on abusive behavior. then harris government and

blocked winter criminalized it's use for the 40000000 nigerians who have accounts for what it called undermining nigeria as corporate existing. to have allowed to do you might be more to the gratian to we just miss i and andrea very suspect. what is the agenda with that old is what is that kid down to green? who's got to move in a session? if not, it's more screened, the government have never been happening to back up need to integrate it,

goldman. i hear you and i believe it is. but the guy with the hat and the right of the people to expression in front of the on the freedom of the press, the suspicion of twitter in i j is not about twitter. it's not even only about social media. it's about the online civic space, which is the last standard, civic space for nigerians and government wants to control the space. secondly, this is very clear in about n stuff. protests up when you talked about 2020. that is where the government's antagonistic relationship with twitter was defined with the end stars movement. that piqued late last year and mobilized the stars was a police unit, the special anti robberies notorious for its extra judicial killings of young nigeria and for its culture of corruption. and to start,

the movement was built around the fact that it was leaving the central and largely because of twitter. it was everywhere, faces approaches that we're trying to predict who works on any of your things leading to an international outcry. this is the biggest for this and that is b, i wasn't going to be in by in on our platform voice press release. i me caught fire in the to put this when government said so just to be a few what guess what? every 5th of the month, you know, you got to go about to talk about will happen on the nice level to watch. the put that government thought the cute for simply by 30. so just to be so good. you still are like, the reason why the protest really hit the government is because they're not used to

this kind of yeah, they used to test whether the leader that you can reach out to maybe brian b r os, maybe intimidate, but this time that wasn't a little water us, it wasn't a bite over there with pockets of the nice us across the country. that doesn't what i put into the playbook of control and manipulation. so it's definitely definitely about the pettiness of getting back up to me. twitter has also been an active critical space for nigerians unhappy with their government's handling of a struggling economy and the presidents inability to quell the secessionist movement in the south. the ban on the platform lead to a fresh round approach. and while nigeria, news outlets are able to cover the band has robbed of an important to the media. not all print and online outlets are complying with the ban on tweeting many or

simply define broadcasters are different. nigeria is broadcasting regulator, the nbc has a warrant. channels that ignoring the ban, would cost them their license to operate. the nbc has been direct apples you by your neck. i'm tells you, went to green. i went to the tunnel kind of vision for instance. they have about 4500000 for the was on twitter, then immediately taught when the announcement happens, because i don't want to be fight on it all on their life. and since we've drawn by them i do, and business is awesome. this enough business is promoting what online, talking to customers online and the tech sector helped. and julia, one of the sessions most recently. so it is very weird that nigeria will then doing this a lot thought about the long term impact of what you've done, you know, on this particular place sector that helped rescue nigeria from extension. oh,

there are 130000000 nigerians age, 18 or younger. it is a huge tech savvy demographic that's been circumventing the twitter bad sending search engines into overdrive looking for vps. the bu, hardy government does not mince words on the dangers it sees in the digital space. late last year, at the height of the end, the stars unrest. information minister lie mohammed told a parliamentary committee that if we don't regulate social media, it will destroy us. this past week, it was reported that mohammed met with the cyberspace administration of china, which overseas the great firewall. we asked him about that and whether china is now with devising nigeria on its approach to social media problem. somebody has grown. my point was i never had it and making it so we put the question another way is china's regulatory approach a model the bu hurry,

government wants for nigeria. we're open to abrasion from. can you part of the wood? i don't know how far they've gone, but i do know that there was, there was contact with china about building an infinite firewall. i'm. if, as a government you place it back to us, you want to wipe it off to the people circumvented by the d p. and you're not going to sit down and you understand that the effect it's while it's quite an extremely expensive, i know the chinese government very well and where they have interest, they don't mind even saying, you know what, let's fund it for you guys. and that's where i think all my jillions need to because the problem is not the fit to national unity. the breath and i just copy the asked what to do with it

would cover. not everyone cares about that. you care about it right here this month than the next 2 years of the government will be for what the people turning to algeria now and a historic moment. the 1st parliament re elections there since former president i've done these beautifully, was ousted in 2019. flo phillips is here with the latest starting with how the authorities tighten the screws on the press. just before building day, which richard is coming, they promised they would never do just 48 hours before the polls opened. security services arrested 2 well known journalists, color dra, runny founder at the website, caspar tribune and f. l cardi director through media outlets. radio m and margaret and i will close out that to being critical of the government and the pair have

been targeted before. okay. these outlets have been blocked a numerous times for supposedly insulting the president and drove any with any release from prison this past february after 11 months behind bars for undermining national security. in this case, they were released one day later, but they were out of the reporting mix for a crucial 24 hour period. which sounds tactical. exactly. and you've got to remember that runny and cardi on their outlets were trying to prominence 2 years ago. that coverage of the mass protest movement. iraq, that ended beautifully cars, 20 years and power. and that iraq movement has been back on the streets, protesting many of the same issues that they did in 2019 corruption military will, the lack of free speech. this time however, they were also calling on algerians to boycott the election. so the government saying with these arrests with quite clear stop opposition media from getting the word out on the boy called. but the authorities plan didn't exactly pan out the

vote to turn out was very low, just 30 percent and that's the official number. that's the domestic media. what about reporting from the outside? they care about that too? they do, and it's probably got something to do with the fact that i want anyone to know about the low to turn out just a day off to the election. the ministry for communication decided to suspend the broke was license for the international news channel, france 24. now the official reason given was quote, clear and repeated hostility towards algeria on its institutions. and this goes back to another historic grievance. france, 24 is owned by the french government, which has repeatedly rejected requests from algiers for some kind of official recognition or apology for the atrocities that were committed by france during that period of colonial. we'll. now this past january president macro said that there will be quote, no repentance and no apology. the algerian government was equally unapologetic when

it took from 24 of the banks. in the late 19th century, there was a form of mass media, a visual one, the pre dated television by about 50 years. and he guesses as to what that medium was. postcards, postcards were a european media phenomenon. the photos let people see the world without leaving their home. and like many modern forms of media, they were visual cheap and relatively easy to distribute. but it was the era of colonialism, and postcards were also a means of asserting racial superiority. photographers were sent with colonizers to take pictures of what they saw, sometimes of what they wanted to see, from the most mundane aspects of life to some disturbing images of colonial brutality. the european powers went home long ago, but the stereotypes in those images continue to shape perceptions of africa today. listening posts target can offer now on the legacy of postcard. from days gone by.

law is free for us now to fix a post card as a kind of happy snap from holidays, right? sort of wish you were here to family and friends. they were in their own day, a new media craze. they were produced specifically to construct a particular image of africa. an african scramble for africa occurred 880 fourish where you were p in power is basically carved up different parts of africa. to colonize part of that process was to somehow justify colonization. why one nation would take over another nation. they sent missionaries, they sent additions, and they sent photographers, the people with the cameras get to dictate how we see who we think we're seeing

what we think we're seeing. and so i think that's part of what makes those images so dangerous. images that show europe civilizing mission. men wanted it to be seen. the monuments of empire courthouses churches, courts and train stations and local those in need of civilizing. ready photography was a major component of european colonialism in the late 19th and early 20th century was the golden age of postcards, an early form of the mass media. the images taken by an assortment of commercial photography with missionaries as no defense and convenient administrator, were printed and posted back home. billions of time shaken years of africa and the orient. they come under 3 very new themes,

the kind of highly sexualized eroticized woman, you know, arab woman or african woman, bare chested, often posed in the suggestive way. the other theme would be africans, as servers, you know, always in a kind of domesticated state, servants, to colonial administrators or missionaries or military personnel. and then the 3rd, the african savage, you know, african warriors, a savage as uncivilized not to be trusted me. this is nigeria and it's titled ego hunters with guns. and this was a very common type showing sort of the barbarity or the entry of africans and particularly as hunters. and so this particular image is basically just showing them in their everyday clothing. and you can see that it's actually been stage to

some extent because you have 2 individuals on either side who are kneeling and sort of looking directly at the camera. so they're the and understanding of cooperation and collaboration between this dimension. photographers carefully selected both objects and mess around those in the business offending credit cards . there was a commercial interest in making images that tantalize or in some ways fit into a preexisting by. you can see that clearly in images from frances colonial encounter, with north africa. faced with women who did not conform with their exotic fantasy photographer, something made up photo that did. ah, they had this mythology of algerians is kind of over sexualized. they had the image of the hair in their mind. but when they arrived, the algerians looked nothing like the french had imagined them. many of the women

were bailed or covered, and so they were inaccessible to the photographer's gaze. they ended up hiring people to act as models. they set up studios, they asked the women to pose in the way that the colonizers had imagined those people. then they produced postcards and sent them back to france to say, this is what these people are like, and they need our help. this isn't damage occur, mercifully driven business, and it was the photographer's people running photographic studios that were looking for cards that they could sell. they could sell cheaply. all these postcard criticism photographers were copying each other. they were ruthless and stealing other people's ideas and images. so this is the way in which she generous kind of reproduce themselves over time. all the lands as depicted in the guidance of long since one their independence. but the cultural impact the stain of the imagery lives on. you can trace the link between depictions of black and brown

bodies today, and the often degrading and orientalist depictions of the colonial period. then like now, the bodies of those deemed in some way, more likely to show up in the media, starving, destitute, naked odette. the only bodies that we see in the media are usually brown and black bodies from other countries that ends up producing vision of the world where violence is something that happens elsewhere to nameless victims. i used to think that something about being an american was the reason that we didn't see american bodies in the media. but then i saw michael brown's body on the front page of the new york times and he's an american. so it seems to me that there's something different operating that she had for us to ask questions about whose bodies are made visible, whose bodies are hidden and why and what work those images do. the continuing visions or images of kind of black death and trauma,

has definitely continued from the past. those images are enduring. if you have no association with the person as a human being, when that humanity is removed, it's easier to think about that person as, as, as an object. almost like a scientific, you know, object. there is no agency, there is no humanity i, there are layers to these postcards. they can a lot about the colonial mindset and, and the time before photos appeared in newspapers, they also serve as a form of photo john. but to many of these images stripped the subject of humanity, they are the visual expression of a racial hierarchy. today, pictures like the 4th come from how those who put themselves who peria, constructed an image of those deemed the we examining and critiquing. these

postcards really helps us understand the nuances of history. the postcards themselves moved through so many different facets of life at the time, whether it's the post office or through colonial offices right through the hands of everyday citizens. these were artifacts that really made it into every niche of life. and so we really should understand them as artifacts of our histories, tangible objects that have come through history with us. me. people have talked a lot about have photoshop or video manipulation has introduced the possibility that images can be doctored or falsified. but what these colonial photographs show is that they've always been doctored and falsified. they've always been put to political use. and it's our job to become viewers who are more critical and better

able to see what they actually show, which is the violence of the colonial vision to become viewers capable of looking past the margins and rescuing the information that that is there, that we are trained not to look at oh, i'm finally, i'm more contemporary form of stereotyping hollywood style. the movie industry leans heavily on stereotypes, wherever those films are set. but directors tend to lose the plot completely when they're detecting the global self, suddenly the cellulose takes on a c p. attent shem manic ritual. t is served, and the lama call to prayer turns into the unofficial sound track. this next kick talk by stand up comedian content creator finley. christie captures a few of those stereotypes and more and just 40 seconds. here's bedding, but you can't watch this video without having a few pretty well known films come to mind with the next time. here at the

listening american character, welcome to professor. where's the city auto gem, shame. and it was, you undergo the ritual or make around their money to the local to pay them to be in the other american said my aspect and it's been a pretty hearing. i was using just to say, now that may take you through a busy buffer market, and then a low ceiling house would be, instead of a front door out there, a world peered into the murky world of state sponsored spyware. and the discovery biologist era journalist 06 technology smartphone system. is this the new frontier?

espionage ah, think about the sophistication of exploits to breaking the phone. this is as soon as we get your phone on our in the next episode of science in a golden age, i'll be exploring the contributions made by scholars during the medieval period in the field of chemistry, they transformed the superstition of alchemy into the science of chemistry many of his chemical procedures are those which make the williams today. oh wow. science and a golden age which professor jim and please. and i'll just 0 for some, a robot is a mechanical or even that self driving train of the apple. but androids today can be over the humanoid. robots like, me, will be everywhere else. 0 documentaries. next lead on the weird and wonderful world of robot that learn. think for you and even trust. i feel like i'm alive,

but i know i am a machine origins of this nation. coming soon on out here. me each and every one of us has got a responsibility to change our personal space for the better. or we could do this experiment and it might of us could increase just a little bit that wouldn't be worth doing. but he had any idea that it would become a magnet, is incredibly recipe for women to get 50 percent representation in the sum switched to somebody here and getting this pick up to collect the segregate to say the reason this is extremely important service they provide the city we need to take america to try to bring people together trying to deal with people

who have been left behind me. ah . the celebrations in iran, lungs like when for him, racy giving conservatives to control for the 1st time. ah. hello, i'm darn jordan. this is just a red light from coming up. the brazilians raise their voices against president bolton rose, humbling of the panoramic. that's now.