who, one of his 1st acts after becoming president was to, in all of the border wall contracts, all the contracts to build or rebuild parts of the border wall that were central to the immigration policies of former president donald trump. but on the other hand, in recent weeks and days really, the very conservative republican governor of the state of texas has basically been saying that he wants to give money to rebuild part of the wall in texas. he's also been speaking a lot of anti immigrant rhetoric. ah, it is good to have with us to tell stories on i'll just hear armenians of those. you get a tight snuff election. nicole pushing ian resigned and triggered the vote, hoping to renew his mandates after last year to cease in the conflict with neighboring as a by a shot or a challenz reports from wherever wins. this election will have to

tackle a long list of problems that hominy faces. you have a traumatized nation after that. defeated in the war. you have a polarized electorate. this has been a pretty bruising election campaign. you have refugee problems, you have prisoner of war problems. you have economic problems and development problems, etc. getting round to even 10 percent of these is going to be a big ask for anyone who wins this election. supporters of iran, new president of celebrated his victory and to run the hotline at abraham racy, was declared the winner on saturday in an election mob by voter apathy, of economic hardship. supporters of both peruse, political rivals have been out in huge numbers, as tension rises over this month's election. a socialist contender. federal castillo has claimed victory, but the right wing candidate keiko for your body says that there's been fraud at a seeking to get votes. an old i've got the stones president,

ash off. danny has replaced 2 top ministers in charge of security. as taliban fighters escalate their advanced to take more territory. general this miller con mohammad. he has been appointed as the new defense minister. his previously held the defense and interior ministry positions and also served as chief of army staff . while general abdel santa the sack wall has been named the do you interior minister? the u. s. is tripling the number of vaccines it's sending to taiwan. more than 2 and a half 1000000 doses of madonna should arrive on sunday. the western nation signal support for taiwan in the face of pressure from china, which claims, self governing taiwan is its territory. and china has says that it's vaccination drive is past 1000000000 doses more than 200000000 people now fully vaccinated. those headlines next up, it's talk to al jazeera. in the next episode of science in a golden age,

i'll be exploring the contributions made by scholars during the medieval period in the field of chemistry, they transformed the superstition of alchemy into the science of chemistry. many of his chemical procedures, all those which may still be used today. oh wow. science and a golden age with professor jim and, and i'll just 0. mm. he's devoted much of his life to diplomacy. bank moon showing south korea is foreign service in 1970. and since then, he's worked and traveled, the world ban began his successful diplomatic career in new delhi before ending up in multiple posts from soul to washington to vienna. in 2004 bank honeymoon served as south korea's foreign minister until 2006. when he declared his candidacy to

replace kofi and as the head of the united nations, the general assembly elected him as the secretary general in october that year beginning his term in january 2007. the challenges he paced were many from iran and north korea's nuclear programs, conflicts in the middle east and the threat of global warming. some of the main objectives that you and achieve during bands 10 year include setting up the 2030 sustainable development goals. the paris climate change agreement and the creation of u. n. women and entity working for women's empowerment. after 2 terms, back left office and was replaced by antonio. good terrace. in 2017. but many of the issues he face still remain. so what can the united nations do to have a bigger impact and effect global change? in his new book, souls, united nations, in a divided world ban reflects on the role of his former organization in today's

multifaceted society, facing many challenges. the foremost secretary general, the united nations bank key moon talks throughout his era banking moon, former secretary general of the united nations. now the deputy chair of the elders, thank you for talking to al jazeera. you have a new book out. we'll come to that in a moment, but 1st let me take you back to the end of your decade. is the secretary general of the un secretary general right up until the end of 2016. some people might say you dodged a bit of a bullet by the date of your departure because your successor, antonio good terrace, took off his on the 1st of january. he only had 20 days before another important world leader took office, the leader of the most powerful economy on earth. and that was donald j. trump. he

was someone who didn't really agree much with international cooperation. some might say he didn't agree with the un system or you relieved you didn't have to deal with president trump in there. we got the person that is speaking. i was relieved because i i was not supposed to deal with him. but what had happened during president trump's for years time, as a former separate gentleman, i was a t p concern about the my to let her in to so rain the most of the important international agreement that had been cancer the journey his time. forced on climate change agreement, which it took almost at 10 p years since no more than 10 years. this is total protocol has, has been almost ruined by the door of the united states and the u. s.

also we do from j. c. p, a joint comprehensive plan of action to deal with the iranian nuclear issues. and there were a lot of such and lighting that terrorism which had been into so re, i am very much relieved and happy. and that and joe biden has been elected and returned to paris climate change over a month and now on us is a serious and worship thing with the iranians, flawed returning to j. c. p. o, a and all that i want so many other areas in the world to trade the systems which have been also hampered by the lack of spirit multilateralism. do you think there's lasting damage from the trump era? and did you have a fear that perhaps he might pull out of the un completely and that could affect

the future of the united nations. i didn't think that there was a day or 2 consider withdrawing from the united nations itself. but it is true that i had been very much concerned then as a former 2nd general, i was invited to many international forum. international conference is a small and big, huge time. i have been speaking out that the prison trump's a vision was particularly a very short sighted and morally wrong when it comes to climate change is he was a scientific career, very much and wrong. and then you can, i mean, can you also irresponsible? and i, i poor and one the war that he may be standing in the wrong side of the history. i can tell you that i have done my own most airports. and i've been walking

tirelessly with the world to lead us so that the world in the, those 10 demonstrate their global citizenship, their leadership based on global citizenship. and at this time, i do not see mentally those globally, those who really act genuinely as a global leaders, based on global citizenship. you say in your new memoir, populous bullies are perhaps the least effective diplomats. i suspect that might be a reference to president trump. let's look at one example somewhat, you know, so well because you were a veteran, south korean diplomat rising to be the foreign minister before you became secretary general. i want to ask you about recent developments on the korean peninsula. during the trump era, there were 3 face to face meetings between president trump and kim john on very unusual diplomacy took place in the world a safer place. of course,

he was the 1st to like to say the prison who met north korean did on kim joan and or so he was to force the united state prison for had the stepped on the territory of north korea when things was very brief in that regard. that there was some more the high can expect tension and that us prison would be able to agree on a very concrete agreement with the north koreans to make and do new college ation of the korean peninsula. particularly when i, i'm saying that about north korea, north korea is the only country 1st and the only country and 21st century who have tested 6 times nuclear bombs. and they have also tested the inter contents. our goal is to mrs. long range and short range and they also

are developing a summary based nuclear weapons as a term. and therefore we had much, much expectation. but in the end, his sort of really to show high diplomacy has made the lot of koreans and the people of a piece robbing people very much disappointed. now, the current situation on the korean peninsula is also very much worrisome. we have to make sure that during prison by this era that, that there should be a complete can you creation of the korean peninsula. north korea is a place where the napoleon, human rights record when you a secretary general, used to talk a lot about human rights upfront. but it's pretty clear that human rights abuses

a grubbing around the world. and some of the most powerful countries on us are involved. i give you 2 examples. for example, the week people in china, a permanent member of the security council responsible. what some say is genocide and syria where human rights groups all agree that russia has joined the aside regime in abuses including targeting medical facilities. you a secretary general. how hard is it for a secretary general to confront these sort of problems when they're carried out by the most powerful countries? of course. so abuses of human rights violators in this war. now, because of the divisions, divisions among big powers, particularly diploma members from the secret council, if 5, then not think could have been agreed upon to deal with the human rights. for example, on, in the case of syria,

6600000 syrians are now had become refuges here and there in georgia that live on iraq and new jeep and israel. i have visited orders places. but security council has not been able to agree on anything, even on purely genuine is too many issues because of the people power. then are they who should be blamed on this is already the people. then i have been speaking out that the justice will prevail for those perpetrators of violators of human rights and justice. then i've been speaking out that trust israel prevail if not today tomorrow, if not tomorrow, surely in the near future. that is what i international criminal court and other traditions, bodies, and special court which i have been establish, establish during my time has been working. but unfortunately we have not seen much

progress in this. you mentioned syria, and there is an intriguing reference in your new book. it says if the un has been allowed to take a larger role earlier in the syrian war, i believe you would not mile be grappling with their own refugee crisis. what role did you want the un to take and who stopped you? i have been speaking to out by schon, i sat of syria many times, but she's been lying all the time. so therefore, then i pointed my previous cor piano and then locked up right here me and many a were able to, per, met with or in this and the wash ations have not used it any, any success any result because of the division among p 5, pomona, members of the secret council, that is why many members stay so now,

arguing that there should be reform of the secret council, but it is of total. your decision decision is in the hands of a 5, pomona members. there phone. why do the form with the secret in council has been on the agenda many years, many decades now. we have not been able to make any progress. i am really am very much frustrated about that. this kind of situation i am urging as a former 2nd general and also my successor antonio with terrorist who will be real. i'm a real pointed sean. then i think the united nation should really speak out on the mentors of prince, put human rights and human dignity. well, one of those matters is a country that has deteriorated greatly this year in terms of it situation. one way

you worked for a very long time and that's me on mall where there was a qu. on the 1st of february you spoke in the security council, a powerful call to action. in april, you said there was a pleating bowman for strong action to stop the atrocities. nothing has been done. do you fear that fleeting moment has now passed in my report to the security council on april 19th? i suggested to the members of the secret council to consider even the process of invoking responsibility to protect as we did in 2011. in the case of libya, of course, this will be met, i'm afraid to say that by the pewter power and but if dora tours dora regions which we cannot pride to address or in this acceptable situation.

but the member states of the united nations particular securities, they're not divided completely if i did. and therefore i'm very urging. first of all is unusual among the i c n. so i shall be those should take a much, much stronger action. i myself or for my own visit to me. we are not military leader, but they the price that the timing was not the convenient for them. but when would be there would be a convenient time for me to visit because nothing has been happen. it is the people who will suffer from all dis, a military dictatorship. you mention the problems in the security council. and again, it comes back to the dysfunction in the permanent 5 members of the security council with regard to me on mar, with regard to t grey and e. c o p. that seems to be no appetite for any sort of punitive action.

arms embargo sanctions up from russia. and china potentially though, if you move forward, if these 2 countries are going to support sanctions and we know that they're not on the un sanctions, but both countries are on the e. u and u. s. tensions doesn't, increasingly the security council become more and more toothless. and then the un itself become more irrelevant. it's not truthful if in fact it has become 2 or 3 is . but they have chief very strong power on tours to solve the problems, to solve for all of september. i schuman right issues and violations of, and pris person ideas of the international united nations, chatham, in the case of t grey, i'm again the t p concern that this is now being prepared,

perpetrated by. 7 the country when the leader is a nobel peace, laurie prime minister, i b r med war. so i didn't know about pearson only to just a couple of years ago. and now this are 6600000 people in the gray to gray. i think they are suffering or law because of 1st of all level of food levels, one term and there's always a military actions. i am again asking african union african union. they have quite efficient way of making decisions, but they have not yet taken in a productive way. in recent weeks we've seen another conflict in the middle east, the bombardment of gauze, rocket spot by hamas. you have seen this before several times when you are the

secretary general. i was in the region recently. i've been visiting for 30 years. i spoke to quite a few palestinian people and there's absolutely no hope left among these people. what is to be done? this is live and they warm between the israel mouse was really terrible room. and it reminded me of my time when i had to deal with the such kind of friday bombing, which had been mostly provoked by her my sort of times. but i know that it all this had been provoked by her mother and the return by israelis. but the magnitude of returning or in this crisis was not rational rational. first of all, it also reminded me of my own diplomat diplomat. the engagement

in january 2009. it started december late december, 2008, but i was on the road and i was on a so called a conveyor belt to diplomacy. i was visiting at least 4 countries all day. we think the, those of a 4 countries secretary general, should the current secretary general be doing that because he didn't leave new york . right? that's his, his job and i didn't have any comment about this. i have been speaking to prime minister natalia all the times. then there is a saying that you can have a choice of everything as a human being. you can have a choice of your friends or want to meet or to me even you can have a choice of us or spouse. if you don't like. then you can divorce,

but when it comes to your rep can neighbor, you have no choice, you have to leave as your own, as of this planet or the last continuous. this is what i have been saying, therefore i am urging now, next, pres, prime minister. mister bennet seems to be next. the prime minister is right. and he should sit down together with the president. the monmouth, mom, when i was, i was a bus of police in 1330, already i joined us on the table is a matter of choice. there are many speakers, the cows reservations. numerous is simply the cause resolution. and there is also also agreements. and there is ever no court. i'm sorry, sorry to interrupt you that they all refer to a 2 state solution,

but just the situation on the ground now. where is the viable palestinian state? it's already been built all over. now, palestinians, of course, they are not sort of sort of the unified and, but when they are on the oppression under such a shoot, it difficult. schuman see, taishan is only natural that they are not united. then you shrier as a bigger and more powerful country. they should be more compassionate. i have declared why this thing is right. i think i'm the only sexual general who has been public stating that israel has said, i appreciate the change in secret concern of israel.

that was very much appreciated by israelis because nobody was speaking out about you shows all security concern is a genuine. so we fully appreciate that kind of training that does not give any right to destroy all this a sentiment. then the unconditional bindings with much, much super military power, and therefore they should sit down together. but many options are already available . and there are many countries who are really willing to support push a solutions. now with or is is having different the relationship with the united arab emirates bearing and then, and moral call and the middle east vision. i think this is a good opportunity for us. right. is also to be genuinely compassionate and tried

to resolve this once and for, for a lasting peace. so that you say it is and palace years can leave peace in peace and security side by side as or of puerto who's covers international affairs and is based un headquarters. i witnessed many of events you did not appreciate from reading the book your viewpoint on them. but i'll have to be honest with you, there is one part of the book, one section of the book i found rather jarring. and that's when you refer to haiti . and as you know, there was an earthquake there. and then un peacekeepers brought cholera. and yet you say of the court case that was brought against the un. i thought this law suit was fraudulent from the beginning and i was incense every time i thought about this attempt to extort money from the united nations. surely these were just people who

had been victims of the united nations trying to get some justice. united nations also lost a 100 to staff and saw peacekeepers. and it was the united nations united nations on the my leadership who had been genuinely and persistently trying to have been hayes and paper on poetry team. hundreds of thousands of people have been contaminated by color and virus. yeah. just to interrupt you for a 2nd. you know the right thing and set up a fund for those people, but it's woefully underfunded. no money is going to these victims. so can you not understand why they want to take out a cool case? my last report to this general assembly on hate. he was only december or my last month 2016, and i appears that we need to mobilize some fundings. that was not

a big, big money. and but member state one that the willing to show down sincere support for haitian people at the same time, haitian leaders, leadership. they weren't divided among themselves. that was also one of my source of this, that distinction and regret that there is a thing that the heaven helps those who have come service, but they were not really united starting from the present. that was what i was very much a sorry to witness myself. as a sacred, general member states have now shown much, much to support for haitian hated. that's one of my regret. and that is one areas that the course on this, on the plate and after the construction process,

you know, it's an issue has been plain. sometimes you know, unfair way, but i'm ready to to receive that kind of criticism. you will, new memoir, looking back on your life's work is called resolved. but looking forward many of the world's conflicts and problems are not resolved. can i ask you how you see the future, how you see the future world, your grandchildren will live in? are you hopeful when united nation member states are not solely that a unit united? that is the program now. then there is no way for any. however, you have or simply gender 1 may be and then not a single individual or country can do it alone. we should put all our hands on but there together for the secretary general of the united nations

banking moon. thank you for talking to our to 0. thank you so much. thank you. sure there's a lot. i the go to the from one is a whole world cup was what rooms were made. it turned into a nightmare of rest and torture by argentina. johnson footballing legend, eric kent introduce his cloud. your temporary, one of the special few stood up for their beliefs, whatever that cost. football rebels on al jazeera, the 300 years of danish come. and i think an international interest in the island to rebuild his gray. a young generation emerging, determined to nephew meet him,

and he'd be on faith as jude and politician, as they tackle age old issues with that powerful the fight for greenland, a witness documentary on al jazeera. ah, armenians votes and aspect election call by the prime minister in an attempt to heal divisions of the last year's war with john. ah, i've adrian said again, this is al jazeera life from also coming out. the supporters of rome's president like abraham racy celebrates his landslide victory. the critics say the vote was.