old fashion concept, call it operative show to sheba shamans, g ford motor company. they could all be owners, partial owners of the cooperative. and the co operative would produce for them. finish metallic alloy and magnetic products. whether that model becomes reality or not, it's clear. world leaders have become aware of a global rare earth supply chain problem and are finally taking steps to address it . rob reynolds al jazeera los angeles, just going, how far we are, and these are the headlines. armenians are voting in a type snapped parliamentary election. prime minister nichol passion, yon resigned triggering this vote, the hope to renew his mandate also lost his defeat in the conflict with neighboring as the by john. re challenges more now from yet?

it's supposed to be another 2 years until elections happen in armenia. but because of that conflict because of the last because of nicole passion, yann's plummet in support, he brought this forward. he wants to basically see this as a way of reaffirming his popularity and giving him another mandates to pursue the reform agenda that he has been trying to push through over the last 3 years of power headlines in israel's new prime minister. now sally bennett is described iranian president elect abraham races when as a final wake up call for world powers. before returning to the 2015 nuclear deal, bennett made those comments during his 1st cabinet meeting. as prime minister, earlier support of iran's new president celebrated his victory on the streets of terror on the hotline. a racy was declared went on saturday in an election marked by voter apathy and economic hardship he did when around 62 percent support,

but fewer than half of eligible voters to pass. and the poll a road that links the eastern and western libya reopening. after many years, the prime minister of the new national unity government began the task by getting on a bulldozer in symbolically removing among the 2 sides of libya were controlled by rival administrations and the allied militias. since the fall of long time later, mama could duffy in 2011, was a sci fi finally agreed last october. reopening of this road, one of the conditions of that cease fire agreement. and i've got a sounds present and i shall, county is replace to, to top ministers in charge of security and taliban fighters escalate their advance to take more territory. when a general bas mila mohammed, the, as the new defense in i'm done for today, my name will take you through the next few hours. right after the listening post. teach, you know,

you can watch out for english streaming live. and i do 2 channels. plus thousands of our programs award winning documentaries. and you get to choose subscribe. you choose dot com forward slash al jazeera english kerry and j area. we have a government housing lender. the operate house has been from deb spot right now as a gag. shipping of the bird has been timing for now. hopefully, that does not damage the unity of the country. alarm richard gilbert in europe. the listening post where we don't cover the news, we cover the way the news is covered. here are the media stories we're examining this week. nigeria, the tweet from the president account, that ended up getting twitter back right across the country. election day. you now, jerry, the government is feeling the heat on the street. it's responses to arrest journalists

and take a broadcaster off the air. stereotypes then and now post cards from the colonial era that shaped perceptions of africa and its people. and exposing the film, industry, shame, and revise. you undergo the ritual g, germany, and some of the stereotypes, it cannot resist to this very day. we begin with africa, the most populous country, nigeria, $200000000.00 plus a market with the most internet users on the continent. 2 weeks ago, the government led by former military man mohammedan bo harry put an indefinite ban on twitter. a platform used by roughly 40000000 citizens. the ban was announced just after twitter had deleted a tweet by the president himself. that violated the companies rules on abusive behavior. there was some threatening language and they're aimed at secessionist in the south. nigeria is 2 years away from its next national election,

a country wide movement hash tagged and stars out to stop police brutality has put the bu, hardy government on the defensive. and twitter has been central to that story for organizers, activists, and the journalists covering them. members of the bu, hardy government have long warned of the dangers of social media. now its reportedly looking to china, the architect of the great firewall for ideas on how to bring critical voices under government control. our starting point this week as nigeria, the biggest city lagos, ah, to understand how twitter has come to be banned in nigeria, you have to start with the history of the civil war 50 years ago over the region of by africa. the war crimes that were committed, the humanitarian catastrophe that unfold. then at in the recent flare ups and power struggles in that same area of the country. that's part of the context. and that is

why president mohammed dupel hardy's tweet, the one that warned his opponent, that those of us who went through the war will treat them in the language they understand, was so offensive. the kicking about teaching people in the language is like to have the jama government talking about the whole it's like it was other than one dad talking about the genocide the happen back. do you mean that the women that were read, that's the bandwidth on the plan? do you mean the estimate, the dream? me the on the board? i'm. i know that with your, during the war on the line with the band, with withers response was not to block the president account or to band to hurry from the platform. just deleted his tweet. for violating his policy on abusive behavior, then hurried government and blocked winter criminalize its use for the 40000000

nigerians who have accounts for what it called undermining nigeria as corporate existing. to have allowed to do you like more to the gratian free junior to we just miss an andrea very suspect. what is the agenda with that old is what is that kid down to green? who's got to if not, if most of the government has never been happening to me is october 20 printed by john goldman. i can hear you and i believe it is. but the guy with the

hat and the right of the people to expression, it's a front of the on the freedom of the press, the suspicion of twitter in i, j is not about twitter. it's not even only about social media. it's about the online civic space, which is the last stand in civic space for nigerians and government wants to control the space. secondly, this is very clear in about ends of protest up to about 202-0000 . that is where the government's antagonistic relationship with twitter was defined with the end stars movement. that piqued late last year and mobilizing the stars was a police unit. the special anti robberies was notorious for its extra judicial killing of young nigeria and for its culture of production. and to start movement was built

around the fact that it was leaving the central and largely because of twitter. it was everywhere, faces approaches that were on this kid issue pretty. who am i not employed to work on any of their scenes leading to an international outcry? the deadly, the biggest foot? this is b. i wasn't going to be in by the 5th or was that platform voice to express police? i think what fire in the, about the put if you know, when government said so, just to be a few what guess what? every 3rd of the month, you know, you go about to talk about will happen on the nice to he caught the government thought he killed 4 simply by said he would just be so good. you still are like, the reason why the protest really hit the government is because they're not used

that is kind of yeah, they used to protest whether the leader that he can reach out to maybe brian maybe are, are maybe intimidate, but this time there wasn't a little water us, it wasn't a bite over there with pockets of the nice us across the poetry that doesn't work according to the playbook of control manipulation. so it's definitely, it's definitely about the pettiness of getting back up to top me. twitter has also been an active critical space for nigerians unhappy with their government's handling of a struggling economy and the presidents inability to quell the secessionist movement in the south. the ban on the platform lead to a fresh round approach. and while nigeria, news outlets are able to cover the band has robbed of an important to the media. not all print and online outlets are complying with the ban on tweeting many or

simply define broadcasters are different. nigeria is broadcasting regulator, the nbc has a warrant. channels that ignoring the ban, would cost them their license to operate. the nbc has been direct. what are you by next? i'm tells you, went to agree. i went to the general kind of vision for instance. they have about 4500000 for the was on twitter, then immediately taught when the announcement happens, because they don't want to be fine or did all on their life. and since we've drawn biden, i do, and government business is also nice enough. business is promoting what phone lines talking to customers online and the tech sector helped. and julia, one of the sessions most we send it is very weird. that nigeria that will then doing this law thought about the long term impact of what you've done, you know, on this particular sector that helped rescue nigeria from the oh,

there are 130000000 nigerians age 18 or younger. it is a huge tech savvy demographic that's been circumventing the twitter bad sending search engines into overdrive looking for vps. the bu, hardy government does not mince words on the dangers it sees in the digital space. late last year, at the height of the end, the stars unrest. information minister lie mohammed told a parliamentary committee that if we don't regulate social media, it will destroy us. this past week, it was reported that mohammed met with the cyberspace administration of china, which overseas the great firewall. we asked him about that and whether china is now with devising nigeria on its approach to social media. probably somebody has grown my part. i never had any meetings so we put the question another way is china's

regulatory approach. a modeled the boo hurry, government wants for nigeria. we're open to going to aggression from can you part of the wood? i don't know how far they've gone, but i do know that it was there was contact with china about building an infinite firewall. i'm if, as a government, you place a button on the want to wipe people off to the people circumvented by the d p. and you're not going to sit down and you understand that the band is effective. if i, while it's quite an extremely expensive, i know the chinese government very well and where they have interest, they don't mind even saying, you know what, let's funded for you guys. and that's where i think all my jerry and need to because the problem is not the fit to national. now you need the big breath and i just copy the asked what to do

with it would cover not everyone cares about the cares about it. right. the this month than the next 2 years of the government will be what people turning to algeria now and a historic moment. the 1st parliamentary elections there since former president i've done these beautifully, was ousted in 2019. flo phillips is here with the latest starting with how the authorities tighten the screws on the press. just before building day, which richard is coming, they promised they would never do just 48 hours before the polls opened. security services arrested 2 well known journalists, color dra, runny founder of the website, caspar tribune, and f. l caught the director through media outlets. radio m and margaret amazon. close out that to being critical of the government and the pair have been targeted

before. okay. these outlets have been blocked a numerous times for supposedly insulting the president andrew any was any released from prison this past february off the 11 months behind bars for undermining national security. in this case, they were released one day later, but they were out of the reporting mix for a crucial 24 hour period. which sounds tactical. exactly. and you've got to remember that jerone and cardi on their outlets were threatened to prominence 2 years ago, that coverage of the mass protest movement, iraq, that ended beautifully cars, 20 years and power. and that iraq movement has been back on the streets, protesting many of the same issues that they did in 2019 corruption military will, the lack of free speech. this time, however, they were also calling on algerians to boycott the election. so the government saying with these arrests with quite clear stop opposition media from getting the word out on the boy called. but the authorities plan didn't exactly pan out the

vote to turn out was very low, just 30 percent and that's the official number. that's the domestic media. what about reporting from the outside? they care about that too? they do, and it's probably got something to do with the fact that i want anyone to know about the low to turn out just a day off to the election. the ministry for communication decided to suspend the broad was license for the international news channel, france 24. now the official reason given was quote, clear and repeated hostility towards algeria and its institutions. and this goes back to another historic grievance. france, $24.00 is owned by the french government, which has repeatedly rejected requests from algiers for some kind of official recognition or apology for the atrocities that were committed by france during that period of colonial will. now this past january president macro said that there will be quote, no repentance and no apology. the algerian government was equally unapologetic when

it took from 24 of the banks. in the late 19th century, there was a form of mass media, a visual one, the pre dated television by about 50 years. and he guesses as to what that medium was. postcards, postcards were a european media phenomenon. the photos let people see the world without leaving their home. and like many modern forms of media, they were visual cheap and relatively easy to distribute. but it was the era of colonialism, and postcards were also a means of asserting racial superiority. photographers were sent with colonizers to take pictures of what they saw, sometimes of what they wanted to see, from the most mundane aspects of life to some disturbing images of colonial brutality. the european powers went home long ago, but the stereotypes in those images continue to shape perceptions of africa today. the listening posts talking often now on the legacy of postcard from days gone by.

law is free for us now to fix a postcard as a kind of happy snap from holidays. right? sort of wish you were here to family and friends. they were in their own day, a new media craze. they were produced specifically to construct a particular image of africa. an african scramble for africa occurred 880 fourish where you are p in power is basically carved up different parts of africa. to colonize part of that process was to somehow justify colonization. why one nation would take over another nation. they sent missionaries, they sent auditions, and they sent photographers, the people with the cameras get to dictate how we see who we think we're staying,

what we think we're saying. and so i think that's part of what makes those images so dangerous. images that show europe civilizing mission. men wanted it to be seen. the monuments of empire courthouses churches ports and train stations. and local. those in need of civilizing photography with a major component of european colonialism in the late 19th and early 20th century was the golden age of postcards. an early form of math media. damages taken by an assortment of commercial photographers. missionaries refers and convenient administrators printed and posted back home, billions of time, shaping years of africa and the orient. they come under 3 very new

themes, the kind of highly sexualized, eroticized women, you know, arab woman or african women, bare chested, often posed in the suggestive way. the other theme would be africans, as servers, you know, always in a kind of domesticated state, servants, to colonial administrators or missionaries or military personnel. and then the 3rd, the african savage, you know, african warriors savage as uncivilized not to be trusted me. this is nigeria and it's titled evil hunters with lot guns. and this was a very common type showing sort of the rarity or the savagery of africans and particularly as hunters. and so this particular image is basically just showing them in their everyday coding. and you can see that it's actually been stage to

some extent because you have 2 individuals on either side who are kneeling and sort of looking directly at the camera. so they're the and understanding of cooperation and collaboration between this dimension me, photographers carefully selected both objects and mess around for those and the business offending prescott. there was a commercial interest in making images that sounds like are in some ways fit into a preexisting by. you can see that clearly in images from frances colonial encounter with north africa, faces with women who did not conform with their exotic fantasy photographer simply made up photo that did. ah, they had this mythology of algeria, this kind of over sexualized. they had the image of the hair in their mind, but when they arrived, the algerians looked nothing like the french had imagined them. many of the women

were bailed or covered, and so they were inaccessible to the photographer's gaze. they ended up hiring people to act as models. they set up studios. they asked the women to pose in the way that the colonizers had imagined those people. then they produced postcards and sent them back to france to say, this is what these people are like. and they need our help. this is a damage occur, mercifully driven business. and it was the photographer's people running photographic studios that were looking for cards that they could sell could sell cheaply. all these postcard produces and photographers were copying each other. they were roofless and stealing other people's ideas and images. so this is the way in which he, jesus can reproduce themselves over time. all the lands is days depicted in the police gone so long since one their independence. but the cultural impact, the stain of the imagery lives own, you can trace the link between depictions of black and brown bodies today. and the

often degrading and oriented us depictions of the colonial period. then like now, the bodies of those deemed in some ways more likely to show up in the media, starving, destitute, naked, or dead. the only bodies that we see in the media are usually brown and black bodies from other countries that end up producing and vision of the world where violence is something that happens elsewhere to nameless victims. i used to think that something about being an american was the reason that we didn't see americans bodies in the media. but then i saw michael brown's body on the front page of the new york times and he's an american. so it seems to me that there's something different operating that she had for us to ask questions about whose bodies are made visible, whose bodies are hidden and why and what work those images do. the continuing visions or images of kind of black death and trauma,

has definitely continued from the past. those images are enduring. if you have no association with the person as a human being, when that humanity is removed, it's easier to think about that person as, as, as an object. almost like a scientific, you know, object. there is no agency, there is no humanity i. there are layers to these postcards. they tell us a lot about the colonial mindset and, and the time before photos appeared in newspapers, they also serve as a form of photo journalism. but to many of these images stripped the subjects of humanity, they are the visual expression of a racial hierarchy. today, pictures like the 4th of confront how those who thought themselves, who peria, constructed an image of those deemed the we examining and critiquing. these

postcards really helps us understand the nuances of history. the postcards themselves moved through so many different facets of life at the time, whether it's the post office or through colonial offices, right through the hands of everyday citizens. these were artifacts, they really made it into every niche of life. and so we really should understand them as artifacts of our histories, tangible objects that have come through history with us. me. people have talked a lot about have photoshop or video manipulation has introduced the possibility that images can be doctored or falsified. but what these colonial photographs show is that they've always been doctored and falsified. they've always been put to political use. and it's our job to become viewers who are more critical and better

able to see what they actually show, which is the violence of the colonial vision to become viewers capable of looking past the margins and rescuing the information that is there that we are trained not to look at all and finally, a more contemporary form of stereotyping hollywood style. the movie industry liens heavily on stereotypes, wherever those films are set. but directors tend to lose the plot completely when they're detecting the global self. suddenly the cellulose takes on a c, p, a tent. shem manic ritual t is served, and the islamic call to prayer turns into the unofficial soundtrack. this next kick talk by stand up comedian content creator finley. christie captures a few of those stereotypes and more in just 40 seconds. here's bedding, but you can't watch this video without having a few pretty well known films come to mind with the next time. here at the

listening american character, welcome to professor. where's the city auto gem, shame and revise. you undergo the ritual or make around to get their money to the local to free and made them to be in the other america said my aspect going to stand up pretty hearing i was using just to say come in. now that may take you through the market and then a low ceiling house would be instead of a front door in mamma, allegations of torture, emerging under the military one on one east investigate the secret detention center i make on the defective to reveal life one out of the, of the,

the health of humanity is at stake. a global pandemic requires a global response. w h o is the guardian of global health. delivering life saving tools, supplies, and training to help the world's most vulnerable people, uniting across borders to speed up the development of tests, treatments and the vaccine keeping you up to date with what's happening on the ground in the ward and in the lab. now more than ever, the world needs w. h. making a healthy a world for you. everyone talk to al jazeera, we can, the army were attacking ringer, and now they're attacking everyone in me on my do you regret words like that? we listen. absolutely. nigeria with a woman present, it would be great. we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that

matter. on our sierra blue face mosques, a common sight in city centers around britain, but as lockdown to elicit people will still be wearing masks for months or even years to come. an ongoing nightmare for the environment. this video shows stuff at a wildlife hospital helping a bird that's been caught up in discarded letter. it's a face made of plastic. now a written survey found 70 percent of people using disposable market didn't realize that we using single use prospects, researches at university college london. so if every person in the u. k. used one despite almost every day for a year, it would create $124000.00 tons of waste, half of which would be, and recyclable, the factory that trying to provide an alternative financial borrow coaching like other such mosques can be washed and reuse. the design that we've come up with, ethical, sustainable, and entirely made in the u. k. it looks like facebook to be part of many people's lives, at least in the short term, whatever, calling the way they're being urged to consider where it comes from and where it'll

end up. we understand the differences in the cultures, the cost around. what moves wilson, the news and calling to that matter to you the . ready news. ready this is al jazeera ah hello money. this is the news i live from, dive hall, coming up in the next 60 minutes. armenia hold not selection to choose between a prime minister blame for military. the face on a former president excused corruption. he chose the hangman of tara israel's new prime minister, one.