that's giving us an interesting record, because now we can actually look at all their photos from the 1st one of the last, or we can actually see a progression of what happened in the emerges in one location. oh, oh i see. and then down here, look under them. it's really easy to have people become involved in science when you make it fun like this, ah, it is good to have with us. hello, adrian funding here in the headlines and i was 0 ethiopians a voting and a crucial parliamentary election. it's prime minister, i'll be on that 1st electoral test. he's on the increasing pressure for the humanitarian crisis and little bit to dry region mom it out of reports. now from out of the you saw the elections, the prime minister facing the left, 3 teeth really came to get popular mandates to continue with his political

reforms. in europe, these parties, but these are elections that have been dog by legal, logistical, and legitimacy issues that are taking place in at least the 3 region in the country . they are the hot region, the highest in the country, the somali we get all these stand up. yeah. and the guy regional law sunday through appeal many as prime. it says one sunday snap parliamentary election. nicole pish, indians party got nearly 54 percent of the vote. his main rival for president robert contrarian is in a distant 2nd place with 21 percent. sweden's parliament has just voted to oust prime minister stuff on love and in a no confidence motion, the social democrat leader now has a week to either resign or call a snap election. the right wing suite and democrats called the no confidence vote last week. after the government lost its left party support,

iran's president elect is expected to hold his 1st news conference shortly. conservative chief justice abraham lacy, who was elected on saturday, will take office in august replacing cassandra honie, turn out was the lowest in recent history. the board in charge of hong kong is pro democracy newspaper. the apple daily says that it will soon decide whether to close it down. it says the company's assets have been frozen by authorities on the hong kong, controversial national security law. olympic organizers have announced that they want to allow up to $10000.00 firms to attend each event. next month's tokyo games . the plan, which would see no more than half of seats filled at venues, is still being discussed with the international olympic committee. last week, japan has top medical adviser, said that 0 spectators would be the safest option. others, the headlines museum to sierra after science in a golden age, next in 2020 new york city was the global epi centre of death. and in

this, from the corona virus, like many cities, the pandemic has altered, the metropolis is very fabric. hundreds of thousands of fled, the celebrated concrete jungle. those who remain know that restoring it's my palace . he will be easy. people in power asks whether the city can bounce back to its former glory, saving new york on just between the 8 and 14 centuries. there was a golden age of science. when scholars from the stomach world introduced the rigorous experimental approach that laid the foundations of the modern fine method, they transformed the superstition of alchemy into the science of chemistry. the chemical industry has, of course, reshape the modern world, giving us new fuel drugs and new materials. but the methodology and principles of chemistry go back over a 1000 years. i'm to my colleague and i've been researching the contributions of

the scientists of the golden age. i'll be placing that the roots of modern chemistry to the scholars of the earliest slamming world. the news news. this is the capital of cut off 2 decades ago. none of this existed all this development has only been possible because of a huge investment of revenue from oil and gas. in other words, the chemical industry, the news,

the oil is responsible for much that we take for granted his daily life from fuels to plastics. medicines, even the common road i'm driving on the chemical plants over there is processing the gas and crude oil that exists in such abundance and at least the oil in its roof state is a mixture of many different chemicals. and these are separated out through a process called fractional distillation. the, the crude oil is heated until it becomes a vapor oil vapor, rises up the distillation tower, and separate into the different components as the fraction eating power. in a modern oil, refinery is a high tech version of a piece of apparatus called and, and limbic used by the golden age scientists. as a distillation to over

a 1000 years ago, the 180 pioneer distillation was the 9th century physician and chemist arises amongst his many writings of the earliest known accounts of using destination to produce substances like kerosene. so few recasting and pure alcohol . this wasn't for drinking, but to use as a medical, disinfected ah, stumbled doctor peter star studies the work of the scholars of the golden age. he's brought with him and allenby, still to show me how the chemist used it for distillation. this one is made of copper. there will be different. others made of glass very well lawfully. yes. yes . the important thing about the still is that there's a hot and, and that there's a cold. and so the whole trend is where the steam is produced. it then condenses

and is received into the receiver. here. what we would need would be water festival, usually distilled water. you could use rainwater, that this data will do and then we will need or whatever you're going to distill. for example, if you're going to perfume, this would be excellent, rather samples up and show the restaurant my mind. and so the water with the rose petals will be heated up here as the steam given off it take the center of the roses. it reaches the limbic, where it condenses back to liquid and drips down here into this other container. who are the people who accounting out these, these, this chemistry? i think there are 2 main names which stand out above all the others above all job of in time. but also arise job and high on a particular very early on in the golden age isn't. he's regarded by many as the 1st scientist of the golden age. what sorts of things is he doing?

many of his chemical procedures are those which may still be used today. for example, cancellation, or precipitation or distillation job and how young was a poly math who grew up in modern day iraq bast work covers medicine, music, alchemy, chemistry, and much more. there were thousands of manuscript attributed to far more than a single man could actually have written, is believed. many later scholars wrote under his name because he was held in such high regard. whatever the truth he's credited with applying and experimental based approach to early chemistry. ah, ah, the scholars of the golden age began applying the scientific method to chemistry by which i mean, they were conducting experiments in a way that was a big leap from the pure philosophical thinking of the greeks. but to conduct

canceled experiments, they needed operators, much of which hadn't even been invented at the time. and the chemistry in particular, they need to hone their skills at gloss, blowing, and glass making. and so i'm going to be to, man, you're going to show me just how difficult or easy it is to actually carry out that skill. i think nearly allah chemo is in be of any kind of to start molly. clear up. all right, there are some next one can sure she can hear me the me

a call that had not had the judge on one of them and i left the city number with me if you evelyn high, i was making allenby back in the leg a century he said he would have been doing it this way. the sort of laugh they would have used over a 1000 years ago would have been very different. they would put that there and, and lead and all the other ingredients into these ovens and just cook them and bake them until they melted. so although they did have glass blowing to shake the molten

cloth, they didn't have something with such high temperature like this. jetta of gas hear me ship. well, that's pretty remarkable. my own i although job i don't have those like him performing experiments and effecting operators work they were doing was very much a mixture of chemistry and alchemy. indeed, the arabic word for chemistry is l. kenya. from which the word alchemy is derived. but whereas modern chemistry is a rigorous thing that science alchemy is associated with super petition a magic. the alchemist's main goal was to turn other metals into gold, his followers job and how young was known as l. sophie, the mystic,

because they believed his work was no different from sorcery. even today, some chemistry can seemed like magic. assume the chemistry student and she's going to help me with some demonstration that i guess could be used as part of a magic show. i'm going to turn these calendars liquid black simply with the power of my mind. right? think can use i have i need to make the chemicals together. okay. first of all, we have to turn off the light. here we go. ah, oh wow. i use, he's not, it's not holt, so this is a chemical reaction that's giving up light,

no heat. and for our final trick me, of course for all these reactions, we know that the chemical explanation for what going on. but what we call chemistry has its roots in the elf kimmy of the golden age. so peter, to what extent was there real science being done in amongst all this miss mysticism and alchemy? jim, i don't see a contradiction between science and alchemy. rather, i see a synergy one feeds on the other quite often and, and that you could say about every periods, great period of scientific breakthroughs. you said of the grief, the height of a latin middle agents. you could say it's very nice off. we'll even isaac newton was involved in alchemy. the classic example yeah,

ah, ah. the early alchemy obsessed with turning common less valuable metal into precious gold job would have been high on a particular was obsessed with trying to dissolve metals. and that led him to research or different kinds of acid. but gold is notoriously difficult to dissolve . so i'm going to buy small amounts of it and see if it's possible to them. and can we sell them at that, at a 5 digital way to nothing. they could and then there's another visible emily, the love list that we have, how 100 they had the she 5 more. just haven't come in about a thought to convince ali and stuff. and in this little community,

she didn't complete what had been offered for the fall job in high on chemo, howard and helen. okay. city is the one that come in. so we'll have this going. i figured when i figured my shovel going thing the through my experiment to dissolve gold is professor health boesky. what the hell i need your chemistry expertise here. i've got this gold coin and i wonder, is it possible to dissolve gold very, very difficult in gold like all noble metals is relatively on reactive, but particularly interactive towards acids. as any one acids can really do the job, which is this one aqua region, which means kingly water is called can be water. because it's the only thing which is all gold, is believe that job of high on 1st distilled it and it's

a mixture of to acid, nitric acid and had a chloroplast. yes. and it's the section the corrosive and except for the react, it sounds nothing. it's very, very nasty, it's vicious. so can you demonstrate it for me? let's see if it works. so we're going to pour it into the baker. i'm gonna send you the where breaking into science and a golden age, which he can see again at 330. i was gmc on tuesday that's take you live to to ron bracey is holding us 1st news conference since being declared, president elect. that's listening. imagine the chair of amendment, chair activity or age out of the have a quarter of a to below that it was for the to as it is for men who just you know, have result. hailey here on our lives are not too long every one day on that have you for we are on the late to

be of you on the dictate of taking a and also appreciate all the media are on the port us all the international and domestic media maintenance media was on the, on the quarter got more have to great event off 28. of course a lot of this year who was that is followed by a great similar events, different stages of history. they showed their willing him, me to national, the nation's whoa,

coming to be present in order. this was a message to the whole world of this was meaning phone great participation of the people in the election. despite the corner virus, the dissipation was took place despite all of the psychological war by the enemies of iran on the great nation of iran that they participated. despite to all of that in the election, they went to the get him and the hard to cast the votes. that was despite the fact that there were some gradients and some this, this at this fraction because of the situation. but there were many,

many messages there were given by the nation of iran. one of them is, was the national unity and the need for change the change of the change in the circumstances of the economy and social circumstances. that was the one i thought the message of the nation was the must. there must come along, the owner might have been power. he must be following that social justice must be provided. this was the out of this whole year. this was the message of iran and to show that they are the only one they are going to continue to pass along that i am the mother of the islamic

revolution, especially how to or great. so the minute general mr. must have all the money this message was given by the iranian nation. i had gone through the prison through the participation each of the piano. and they held ours and hailing to the battery message given to them by did about all your great liter supreme leader long last saw this was also a message. the participation of people was also a message to the officials are not part of the government and they should listen to this message. well yeah, the promise that we are giving we have given to the people we have to stand by a little more stand by over problem hello. which means that

we will have to do our best to resolve the problems that people are facing. and the have a quote over what all the results that issues that we are confident that relying on the grace of god and the resources of the nation. how came to mind going over paul, we're human resources, especially the young generation out of the him are going relying on the natural resources that our country enjoys, willing the situation and the set specials will change. the benefit that people don't and bring the easiness bank east to their lives. yet how you all were in domestic policy. and this government

will be called medical and improving the business of the people improving these on quite the livelihood of our great asia. the shuttle got to go improving the situation or the condition of the government. i'm sure that if you don't want to have tissue room on it and share the book as he does actually doing many of the development in over come through, we have to end and we have to go for a healthy effect. putting you system which is run by the dilution of the people effective people. this is

how may i appreciate all the services provided by the different government in iran. and no doubt, there has been a lot in the past 40 years. we have witnessed the work and the efforts made to die off by the government. but if not, to develop for development development in many areas by now. so all, all the books has been done, but decide all the work that has been done. we are facing joy have if you are on the we can actually i'm on raise the hall to high levels in some areas in years. the cause of them is having

mismanagement. you cause the lack of attention to the need. people are on the job on the last last year we have utilizing which the young generation do have a problem and we have backs while yet that just actually with regard to the to me that if we the just is the the episode of the you're going to have in our government was so you know, you formation the or will me the epicenter of what we are going to do in the government and that requires justice. come on, the b documentation will get me the high document such as the city should constitution of the or on the policy of the government. the

development as government, they are all will be taken into consideration about a new government when the thought that the 7th program development with the help of he will need the help of the department. government departments. we hope to be shuttle it all or get it for sure you get the questions will help me improve the conditions of life, come on the people's life and bring back hope bring back the trust that has been the amount of damage for some reason that again that did show that i don't really the public ceiling is going to be to let the new government is the government of hope that

a government of trust building a government does not belong to a certain faction or part of the government departments. and it's all over the country. are the people who love the country, they are worried about people who are not worried about illusion and they all are working to resolve the problems of the people. they are all calling anyone who is feeling that a joy to work, to work for the people who will be all or call it whether the to the foreign policy . when you're good on, the water must know that the condition you have to change with the participation of the people in the election. and this is

a new condition, new situation in front of the people. it would be for sure for those must know that the maximum pressure was not effective on the people. and they have to review this time on. they have to return the nation has shown that they are resilient and against the pressure they have to know that all who are should win any foreign policy is not going to is taught with p c or with john. you're not going to any to jet that, john, you're doing all or interaction at all the war was in that whole the country balanced and

we don't care our balance. one with all the country negotiation, any negotiation that is going to guarantee the benefit of ordination. what are the doors for negotiations will be supported by me or economy? call it the economy situation is not going to be bound to the negotiations. so they're not being got we will not lead to will not allow it rule doing negotiation. any negotiation should be based on a big salt, and it should have something for the great nature and that it should have been achieved for the people of iran. for paul ross that says, despite all of our limitations,

we are going to follow how about and such as your service and all. i know that this of the and if you have any question, i'm willing to answer. thank you very much for your opening remarks on those gibberish on. allow me to mention that all the reporters on are allowed to only because one question is more than a question is going to be appropriate for over time management $11.00 of the value of whether you got from being or digital voc. how about and what it was, i don't know, you knew some of the euro news will be the 2nd thing the report

show your mirror was over at the mall from the ira. be because when i'm going to go to late, he's going for your head for winning the election gonna so it trust the nation still not when he's done, i want to get you. nobody said you money bought hotel. you got home that you have to do when it's also emphasized during your opening on the most important problem of the people is economy go back and related to their livelihood. so what does the main gun call government about how to improve the likelihood? what will be your 1st decree or and.