would also allow the government to reduce indigenous territories, which have already been pima catered, and can stop us from claiming more lands. the battle is far from over. several 100 indigenous leaders continued to camp an outside of congress. because they say they're fighting for their survival. and they're running out of time, monica, and i'll give, i'll just 0 re edition narrow. ah, the headlines on al jazeera k, ron has condemned the us seizure 3 pro iranian websites, calling it a breach of freedom of speech to us as a sign violates sanctions against iran. the justice department has accused media outlets connected to the radian revolutionary guard of spreading this information. hong kong pro democracy newspaper apple daily has confirmed it will close by saturday at the latest after its assets were frozen. the announcement follows the

rest of its chief condemnation, sleeping with a 6 staff member, detain this month under china's national security law. they're accused of colluding with foreign forces. more than 20 cases are highly infectious, called the 1900 strain have been found in 3 indian states as co see related to the delta very 1st detected. their house official say was being called the delta plus mutation is a very in depth concern. elizabeth random has more from new delhi. they've identified 3 characteristics of the delta plus so far, the 1st is increased trans miss ability. the 2nd is that it is binds more to the receptor of lung cells, receptors of long cells. and also there's a potential reduction in antibody response as well. now they've said that, you know, there are only 22 cases so far, but it is really important to get on top of this. that's why they've told the 3 states where the cases have been found. that some had astra, mature provision, and catalogue that they have to put strict containment measures in place.

immediately. organizes of next month. tokyo olympics haven't veil, tough new evolves for spectators, including a ban on alcohol. the decision to go ahead with the olympics has been controversial . but organizes insist all necessary precautions will be taken. man was the pose leader on fans which is facing a new trial on wednesday. she is challenge with violating the colonial era official secrets act, which carries a heavy jail term back to 14 years. and she has been detained in the military cool in february. and the u. s. senate republicans have blocked a key voting rights bail bass, 5 democrats. the election reform package contained measures to counteract laws, pass in republican lead states, which restrict voting axis. that republicans argue the bail infringes on states rights and call it a partisan power. grab those are the headlines on al jazeera. i'll have more news after story. stay with me. we understand the differences,

minorities of culture across the world. are you taking out here? we're bringing the news and current affairs. ah, there the western nation slap coordinated sanctions on bella. ruth for repressing human rights. these penalties are increasingly used to punish countries behavior, but do they work? and what are the diplomatic alternatives? this is inside story. ah hello and welcome to the program. i'm hammer, jim, jim, bella. luce is facing new sanctions from the west. the e u. u. k. u s. in canada. say they're presenting a united front against president alexander lucas shameka for repressing human

rights. the action follows the force, diversion of a plane to arrest a bela russian opposition journalist and the crackdown on protest against lucas shank is disputed election when last year. the new measures include travel bands and freezing the assets of people close to the president. the bel erosion exiled opposition leaders for atlanta to kind of sky says they send a clear and powerful message was conveyed to me. you can sky, you did have the union remain ready to support a future democracy arose with a comprehensive plan of economic support of up to 3 billions for democrats, burrows supporting it. we net help right now through the sanctions. there isn't as decided today. he cannot really cited sean and continue putting pressure on the location go regime the department of state and

the department of treasury, designated 62 valuation individuals and 5 entities and response to continuing repression and belarus. and importantly, we did this alongside our partners and allies and with these coordinated actions on both sides of the atlantic, we are demonstrating our deep and shared concern regarding the lucas shank regime. activities sanctions are increasingly being used to punish nations for legit bad behavior. a recent study says their use has gone up significantly in the past 4 years. the u. s. and e, you have targeted russian officials and entities with sanctions over a range of issues. they include the jailing of opposition leader election of only, and the 2014 annexation of crimea. they've been punishing china for rights abuses in hong kong and shin jang. beijing recently passed a law to counter foreign sanctions and the few pressure the european block, the u. s. and other western capital sanctioned officials linked to me and mars john to following the february military coup. and iran economy has been suffering after

years of un sanctions. the 2 nations are involved and talks that could see some that some measures lifted as part of reviving the 2015 nuclear deal. the alright, let's bring in, i guess, in oslo. glenn decent professor of international relations at the university of south eastern norway inverse berg o rick brook, nor a professor of political science at stanford university in berlin. and in washington, dc, laurence core, but former assistant secretary of defense and senior fellow at the center for american progress, a warm welcome to you all. oh rick, let me start with you today. from your perspective. do sanctions actually work? are they effective? well, if we ask a normative question, if something works we need an arm. and if in the particular case of banner rose, one would expect that sanctions would lead to a regime change. then the clear answer is no. because russia is backing what luke

are saying. when and therefore we can't expect a small use of the particular tool to be enough for a regime change. but it also tends a signal to the people in the country that they are not left alone at time to signal to autocratic leaders, that they don't get away with violations of international law. and so it depends on each case, we can say yes they were or they don't, lawrence, are there diplomatic alternatives to sanctions? and if so, what are they? well basically, sanctions are used because you don't want to, for example, use military force. so in that sense, it's better as my colleague just mention, it can have some impact, but by and large, it really doesn't change the behavior unless it's done by the whole international community here. what bella rose, you have a lot of the european countries,

but if the whole international community united, even including some of you know, bella, roosters allies that might have a, have an effect. but it's going to work is going to take quite a while for it to change the behavior. glenn, when it comes specifically to bella. ruth, you know, sanctions have been in place against alexander lucas. shank, a for most of his leadership. have they actually made a difference and how is this latest round of sanctions by the e u. the u. s. canada and others different than previous sanctions? and do you believe that they'll actually make a difference as time? i know not really, and i agree with the former speaker that sanctions only use it works if everyone gets behind them. now the problem often is excessive use of sanctions by the west. it to some extent in the remnant of the unit or area when the entire world was relying on the economy of the us and the west. however,

the international system becomes normal, the polar. we see that the with continued use of thanks. so in the case on the bellows with you not to have alternative. so russia was mentioned now the use of this long lasting or permanent sanctions, especially on issues where the sanction country of little athlete will be able to make concession simpler results in the sanction country. learn live without those sanctions imposed on them. and so obviously russia is not likely to get time to sanction simply because the rush i was also on the sanctions. it's still present about the less and i mean the key less from the past 7 years to be at the russian sanctions did not result in the growing russian economy are making them capitulated . the west director told russia we wanted to come into the east on strategic partner with china to reduce its own ability by cutting reliance on western industries technologies, transportation corridors, banks,

payment systems and us. and we see the same with iran. they're also responding to sanctions by lining them self closer with china and russia, and now we see ban, let us for us to do the same. so i think this will not have the intended effect, but again, we can ask what the 2nd is. if it's promote democracy or is the resume change because as we saw in ukraine and georgia democracy regime change is not always the same thing. and often it can even contradict each other. or if we look more broadly at the idea of sanctions, if they don't get the intended result, if that is not achieved, how do you gauge success? what is the next best outcome? but it is also a matter of credibility. if we have a high moral tone of what the west stands for, that there are norms and values and the supports democracy not only within the european union or the united states, but also in opposition rules and the civil society in countries that are under the

oppression of an autocratic regime and things happen like a blogger is kidnapped from an ab lane as belongs to a european union company. then you cannot just ignore this and say, well, we don't know if sanctions will lead to something. it is a matter of credibility whether you lead autocratic regimes get away with it. or if she found a signal, then you can also be very specific in the targeted group. is that the bodies off autocrat is the norman tour, all the supper specifically from taylor maids personalized sanctions. or if it's something that makes the whole country suffer and then you can trigger the worst case. what norman chomsky is calling about kind of mass destruction that people die because of the economic consequences and it causes poverty all over the countries.

lawrence, if we can look more specifically at the us for a moment when it comes to how the u. s. has imposed sanctions on various countries and governments over the past few years. has there been a shift in the, the american strategy? are they trying more and more to make sure that they don't target huge sectors of society and the economy so that just regular citizens aren't as effective in that they target? instead, more specifically government officials, whether it be their, their wealth, their personal wealth, or the freezing of their assets, or imposing travel bands. well, they are trying to use more targeted sanctions. the problem is, if you're trying to change your country's behavior, you have to target the whole country. you know, for example, you're trying to get a ran not to develop nuclear weapons. well, if you just target a couple of people at the top,

it's not going to change. you're hoping that by undermining the whole economy in the country, the people there will put pressure on them. unfortunately, that hasn't worked. the only case, i know we're really work was against iraq after the 1st gulf war. it really kept them from developing weapons of mass destruction, which unfortunately we didn't realize till we went till we went in there. and you also have to realize that there is an economic impact on your own citizens. the sanctions on iraq are driving up the price of oil for everybody, including it. you know, people in the united states when they pay more for gas, because the iranian oil is not getting to the global markets. and as my colleague said, it's not completely done by the international community. you've got china and russia are making arrangements with the ran. it actually helps these other countries who

are not always your eyes, glen, from your vantage point. would you say that these so called targeted sanctions are more or less successful than the sanctions that have been imposed in years past that more broadly affect wide sectors of countries economies? well, i think they won't have that much effect anyways, because as i mentioned previously, these are on areas where there is not much to do where the sanction country doesn't have much room to maneuver. and again, they're part of the problem goes back to what was said previously, that something has to be done with the send the signal. the problem is that in the west we often post sanctions under the language of democracy and human rights. we often consider it to be very morally righteous, however, by the countries received to great extent and instruments tomorrow morning. so just with the language that we currently use, this idea that the width has to change the behavior. so we take on this very

subject object relationship where the teacher supposed discipline the rest of the problem. there is, is there much rejected entire legitimacy, my country such as china and russia, because the west ends to lecture on various things from human rights, to cyber or in the bellows variation rules. however, rarely about enforcing common rules that are applied consistently, brother, it's usually rules that the west used police others but not apply to itself. so the case on the bellows, i think any even targeted sanctions it will get around it. and it's simply because other countries will try to help them out. now, we were on the case of a little, i'm just, you know, point out that, and this, this dis anxious, i'm not deemed to be legitimate. i, many of the larger countries are mainly russia and china simply because these are not rules that are part of equally to everyone else. keep in mind that in 2003 european countries force the landing ellis believe in precedence,

airplane because of the u. s. government because they wanted to arrest one of their was the lowest. and we're snowden. and we have a similar case in 2016 when you threaten to the final course of the russian airliner to make a u turn. and so they can the rest arrest and i might and critic again, no outrage, there's no sanction. so it's this very selective application of these rules, which is therefore resulting and becoming see images, which is why a lot of this larger countries now are simply refusing to play ball. and instead supporting the bellows, even though it russia, or china. neither of them are really happy with lucas ankle government. still, they refuse to play along these rules or we can look to me like you were reacting to some what glen was saying there, did you want to jump in? well, we don't need to go that as far as looking at the west that behaves like morally superior autocratic regimes. we had

a similar situation between the united states and germany on the case of the pipeline that connect germany directly with russia, north seems to the united states and the congress in particular. punish companies that are involved in building this pipeline did not lead to regime change in germany, but it massively affect the public opinion. and it put germany in a very defensive position when it comes to package deals in which germany was always reminded that it is willing to sacrifice a homogenous position in european energy policy. and when finally by and stopped sanctioning germany on that particular case, it was a major relief and everyone was willing to give in on other unrelated subjects. lawrence, you know, already in this conversation, we have spoken about china, we're talking about russia. we've spoken about iran and other countries. i want to talk for a moment about me and more because since the military coup in february,

since the military took control of me and mar, you've seen the us, britain, the you, they have impose several waves of sanctions against the john to their they have targeted specifically, leaders of the military. and yet the military hasn't changed it's behavior in any kind of significant way. they seem to be relying on support from china, from russia, from the, as the on countries, from your perspective, have the sanctions against me and more and against the jump there have any meaningful impact. ironically the big impact is on the people of name are not the leaders because as you pointed out, they can get help from china and russia. a lot of times countries do this and i'll speak for the united state. they do it because it makes them feel good. they've got to do something. my goodness, what happened to me i'm being mar,

they had the overthrow of the, the elected government. and so we got to do something. so you do it. the more countries you can get to join you, the better, the better it is, the potential having a long term impact. but by and large, it's a substitute for taking war dramatic action. it's more of a symbol than anything else in most in most cases. going, you know, in your previous answer, you mentioned russia and russia, of course, has been sanctioned by the us for among other things, election, meddling and cyber attacks. are these making any kind of a difference? i know not really. it's, well, it's the teaching russia to learn without to live without the united states. again, linking itself closer to, to china. because again, the, then the problems tend to be the same. the sanctions are largely unilateral. that is their impulse by one side to dictate or to change the behavior of another and

then not use to enforce rules based system. that is our system. but they're all supplies the same, same or one. and that's the main reason why russia not going to budge, and that's actually just learning to live with it. so i don't i don't think it's going to make much of a difference even if they're escalated as again, you mentioned cyber and human rights. the common denominator of all of this is that it's only in reference to what russia has done is never, never goes to other way. it never addresses the united states, hunger activities, didn't ever address as human rights issues in, in the united states. so it's always this instrument for sovereign and qualities, one side to police the other. and under those circumstances is being completely illegitimate in moscow, which is why they refused to listen to it. and instead of just find the economy to inoculate themselves from further pressure. all, rick,

it seems more and more we just hear about sanctions being imposed again and again the this just seems to fill the headlines week after week. so i ask you, have we gotten to the point where sanctions are simply being overused? well, there is no such thing like a perfect pre owned for how we use different tools, no matter if it's the policy or if it cannot make sanctions. i think it really depends on a case by case i'm now in a united germany and the wall came down because you cannot make embargo on socialist countries. they were cut off from access to technology, and that made them. he cannot meekly implode. and that was the beginning of the end, and he cannot make experiment called socialism. so it's not completely useless and it depends on the circumstances. of course, i wouldn't loppy in favor off if you can impose pours on others in the name of

whatever, please do it or you should back. i think it really depends on the case to discuss under what conditions it makes sense in connection with other tools. lawrence, you know, when it comes to the west imposing sanctions more often in some ways, you know, from your point of view, does this not just encourage the countries that are being hit with sanctions to just look to other countries and strike deals with them? i offer as an example, iran signing deals with china. we're venezuela signing deals with russia. i mean, what do you say? well, again, unless it's the whole international community that does it, then obviously you're going to have nations take care of their own best interest. and if they are ordered or talk, receives and don't have much pressure from the people, they can minimize the impact by going to other countries and even what the impact

of the u. s. lead sanctions had, will not get the people to rise up. and i think again, it's a way to say, well, we didn't just ignore this, we put sanctions on and then you can move on because you can't solve all the world's problems. you're not willing to use military force. we have sanctions on to book for over 50 years and we didn't get rid of castro. so this whole idea that you know, way it's going to achieve that subject is really something that needs to be analyzed as you're doing today. so people realize the limitations of it. glenn, thanks and you know, they can also be used by regimes who are being targeted to rally domestic support as well. correct. i mean, even unpopular leaders can use sanctions that have imposed against them and their governments as a way to boost support domestically. correct?

yes. so that was interesting comment that came before this idea that the supposed to rally the people against and leaders. and again, often in the way through quite open that the objective is to put the pressure on the people. so they will tell us the leadership. however, often in that she opposite. so, for example, the thanks because russia were quite interesting because the economy had a lot of problems into the company should have diversified. and indeed the government, when they went through economic problems they, they should have had to take some responsibility for the difficulties. however, at the same time, in 2014, you have the bama coming on the tv and saying, you know, way we destroyed the economy. it was us the reason why telephone russian families, of course, it's already is up. so let it take the blame off the government and you also create a lot of resentment towards external power. but again, it also has to, the fax is always have to be linked to something if you want to change behavior destroying the economy economy. the purpose,

if you want to change the pavior success is defined, you have to see whether or not this is possible. and with the case of bellows, it's not, it's pretty much always tied to regime change. so i think it's not hybrid specific common rules which under the international system should operate under and same with russia there's, there's no, there's no, nothing really rush i can do. it's not going to seed me. so it's, it's the people that actively support what the government has done and they blamed economic difficulties on foreign powers. so it's intention of rolling the people against thrown government. it's not really working, lawrence, you know, i asked glenn about the unintended consequences of sanctions just now and it looked like you also wanted to jump in. so please go ahead. well, again, i was going to say there are these on intended consequences because it can allow these dictators to blame the us lad,

or the international community for the problems they have at home. and it hurt your own people. it can basically strengthen these regimes that you're trying to change the grade. arnie is sanctions work best against people you're working with. they're dependent on you for foreign aid. then the sanctions can work, but they're usually not your enemies. lawrence. let me also ask you, you know, we've seen countries like russia and china start retaliated more when sanctions are imposed on them. do you think going forward we're going to see more countries retaliate when sanctions are imposed against them. very definitely, particularly with china, which is, you know, such a fast growing economy and what we, the united states depends on for a lot of supplies that we get, that keeps our economy going. so yes, they are going to do it because the united states global economic position is not as strong as a one was it's still strong,

but it's not as strong as we once was. so i think you're going to to see that i think with the north stream pipeline, one of the reasons we did not stop that from germany is basically be cause a we know that we need the help of the germans that deal with the chinese. all right, we've run out of time, so we're going to have to leave the conversation there. thank you so much to all of our guest glenn decision. oh, rick bruckner, and lawrence court. and thank you to for watching. you can see this and all of our previous programs again, anytime by visiting our website, algebra dot com and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. our handle is at a inside story. for me, my name is jim tillman, the whole thing here, bye for now. the news

no place. and so i go on with say, a press, retreated at the car, about a media hub and vital vantage point. during the 1st truly televised war from the roof, we could see the recreation at the american embassy, where the most iconic images of the conflict in vietnam were transmitted to the world. this was the front row seat to the final stages of the war saigon, caravel, a new episode of war hotels on al jazeera, challenging the way mainstream media report. the news stories like these should be easy pickings for political reporters out of power to account how it is in journalism is breaking the destruction of civilian property. this is all evident for law firm trials and the re speaking now. we've been getting stories. all john taken from the houses in the middle of the night and talked to the listening post covers the way the news is covered out there on

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