on the side of the border with more people arriving every day, migrants rights, advocates warned that conditions of the camp are no longer sustainable. barrels here come in, come by men, the campus in a terrible situation organized, crime has infiltrated it. there's disease there. risk people have suffered violence there and i believe it's a ticking time bomb. despite the phasing out of trump era policies like m p. p, the bided administration has yet to normalize the u. s. a silent process. experts say that until the system becomes more streamline the crisis on this side of the border will only continue to worsen manuel wrap a little al jazeera he want to mexico. ah, our main stories, the sound, the delta varying, is can to continue to cause a steep rise in covert infections around the world. south africa presidents has now

announced tough restrictions. the country tries to stem a surgeon 3rd wave of the virus or gatherings in the sight of alcohol will be found for 2 weeks from midnight schools will close from wednesday, and 9 pm coffee will be enforced in an address to the nation 0. ronald poses at current containment measures are not working. we are in the grid of a devastating wave that by all indications, seems like it would be worse than those that have preceded it. the peak of this 3rd wave looks set to be higher than the previous 2 waves. the 1st wave, if we recall last that 15 weeks, the 2nd wave lasted nearly 9 weeks. we don't know how long this one will last, but indications that it could last longer. meanwhile,

thousands of migrant workers have been scrambling to leave the bangladesh capital dot com before tough new corona virus restrictions coming to for sarah as well. lockdown will shut down most businesses and can find people to their homes in the coming days. on friday, more than a 100 fatalities recorded a 2nd. eyes death tolls pandemic began in r. all the headlines in the west bank for the day of protests against the palestinian authority of time violent security forces clashed with hundreds rallying off to the death of an outspoken critic. as our bun at family says, he died in custody after being dragged from his home and beaten by security forces . and the death toll from the collapse of a florida apartment tower 3 days ago has risen to 9 with more than a 150 people. still missing, rescues have recovered for more bodies from the dep. re i was the headlines this, our science in a golden age is next. overflowing with

passion, but desperately under resourced chide. national football team has never qualified for the africa, couple of nations. all the wildcat al jazeera world asks, what will it take for the squad to find the success? will routine be forever sidelined chad football dream on al jazeera ah, modern high advances in medicine and health are of course the result of many centuries of development, research and experimentation, much of which took place in the atlantic world between the 9 and 14th century, a golden age of 5. during this time, scholars in the stomach world made huge contributions to medicine and created a body of knowledge that was tremendously important and influential around the world for many hundreds of years. i'm jim colleen,

which is professor of theoretical physics born in baghdad. i'll be exploring state of the art biomedical sciences and covering the contribution made to the field by the scholars, the golden age. the news ah, it was during the climate golden age that medicine started to be treated as a true science with emphasis on empirical evidence and repeatable procedures. during that time, medical books written the became standard text throughout the world for many hundreds of years. i've come here to the home at hospital in del hot button to see

how the ideas of the stillness in the medieval, the stomach world compare our modern medicine. ah, the hospitals neonatal unit deals with premise to a newborn babies who are suffering from a variety of conditions is the only one of its kind in. and babies are referred here from across the country. all in all through our doors, we probably have close to 17 to 1800 baby and that amounts to about 10 to 11 percent of the total that occurs in this hospital. so it is by comparison, one of the biggest units in the world. we do look after babies who are as small as 23 or 24 weeks gestation. so you're looking at a 5 months pregnancy, 5 months, and one week pregnancy. and that in itself is incredible. i mean, not that long ago. 2324. we could just say there's no way to survive that. we've

come a long way at this hospital. they're carrying out pioneering research to improve the treatment of babies born with neo natal and super loppy. that is, babies born with serious neurological damage because of a problem with oxygen or blood supply in the wound. the gold standard of treatment is putting these babies on a cooling mattress to try to reduce the temperature and limit the potential ongoing damage that could ensue in the brain. however, it does not really provide an appropriate success rate worldwide. here we're trying a simple remedy that we believe has potential, which is the addition of a drug, whole magnesium sulfate, but it's never being tried in combination with the cooling method to improve the reliability of their research, the hospitals using what we call a control group. some of the babies received magnesium sulfate, whereas

a separate group, the control group don't receive it. this allows the hospital to compare fairly the effect of the treatment with and without the drug. ah. so this particular study is a double blind placebo control, which means that we are offering some of our babies a placebo and some or getting the magnesium sulfate. we don't really know which our which and that's otherwise. why do you buy it will be buying exactly. one thing that's of tremendous interest to me is that this idea of a control group actually goes all the way back over a 1000 years to a persian physician by the name of arise the who, who built the hospitals in baghdad, who was looking into the causes and treatment of meningitis and i believe he had not only his sample of patients, but he had a control group to which he wasn't administering the treatment. in that case,

it was not letting you know, isn't the way you treat manage. i just, but the idea of the control group goes all the way back to 2 arises. this is actually one of the most important components of research that we do have a, a control group to try to, to ensure that our study is come out as non bias the muscle to comparing it. yeah, absolutely, absolutely arise. he was born in the city of re near to her on, in the mid 9th century. and he was an early proponents of applying a rigorous scientific approach to medicine. during his distinguished career, he served as chief physician of hospitals in both re and baghdad. in the early 10th century, the ruling taylor in fact that look tiffy auster rossi where in the city should build a new hospital. so a roger designed an experiment he hung meet up around different location to see how quickly they rotted and so determined the place with the cleanest air. this was

typical of arises. you have a problem, you design an experiment to find the answer. me. during the golden age, the dissection of human bodies was considered disrespectful. but there was one group of people who knew quite a bit about anatomy, which it will be the anatomy of animal longer than human. ah, well, even though this is just the labs, not a human hall, we can still see quite clearly the different compartments of different chambers within the hall. this would be something very familiar to early physician that of a medieval age. chuckling in the 17th century, william harvey famously carried out his groundbreaking research into the

circulation of love in the function of the heart. but in 1924, an ancient document was discovered. this was a text written by admin assistant century arab position in it. he described the basics of pulmonary circulation. how large doesn't move across from one side of the hearts of the other. had to take the long way round around the body. this 400 years before harvey i building on the writings of physicians like even in the field and william harvey, our understanding of the hall has continued to develop hatfield hospital in the u. k. is part of the country's largest center for heart and lung disease. they're cutting edge treatments billed on the work of professor mcgee, one of the world's leading heart specialists to set up the hospital busy transplant unit. and who's received knighthood in britain for his services to medicine?

the heart is such like a magical going, the more i learn about it, the more i respect it because it goes on incessantly beating quietly, maintaining life professor, who is also interested in the history of medicine. as part of a paper he commission for medical journal. he's research the life and work of the fees in here. we have a scholar born in syria and early part of the 13th century. he was a fully match because he was studying viewers as he roach. and he was a scientist, a few like he was a discover. that's arguably his most important contribution was his commentary on medicine, in which he looked at how blood moves through the heart. so this is the heart and you can see quite clearly the right sensor. and the rest when it comes and these

are 2 completely separate chambers. the question has been, how does blood go from the right center to the center centuries the accepted view had been that of the renown greek physician, galen galen said. the blood passes directly between the right and left ventricles of the heart, 2 tiny holes in the septum, the dividing wall that separates them even in the fees was the 1st to challenge galen's view. he established that there weren't any hope. so they had to be another way for blood to pass from right to left. the contention of some persons to say that this place is for us. it's based on the preconceived idea that the blood from that identical had to pass through the city and the

nest. he's got to this. ready saying that for somebody as young at this person at the time when he was 29, they'll have the courage to state such a thing as is absolutely remarkable. galen said that there are holes in the symptom . if you open the right then to like i'm doing now, it is solid. there are no channels whatsoever. even if he was absolutely right. the fee stated that the blood must person pass through the lungs, where he said it mingled with air before it came back to the heart and was pumped around the body. now we know that not from the rice venture can goes into the family tree because here goes around the land

comes back in these pharma, many veins into the fences. so this is the problem that he said to lation, which comes here. that is the discovery. it's now obvious, but it wasn't then the faces description wasn't one the accepted at the time. and it wasn't until his manuscript was rediscovered in the 20th century that his work was universally recognized. it's now part of the long history of medicine that continues with both today. we have a lot, but the hark when we have learned how to stop it, how to restart it, how to replace it, how to mend it. my god, there's a lot more given that to journey continues. the early hospitals did exist in 8th, the 9th century baghdad. but these were little more than hostiles for the sick,

offering care, but not much in the way of kill. however, hospitals, as we recognise them today, giving treatment and offering medicine for free, did begin to appear around the empire in cities such as cairo corda and damascus. ah, in order for these hospitals to provide care, they needed a knowledge of medicines and surgery. the most important work of the golden age was written by the great 10th century philosopher and physician had been seen or better known by his last name at the center. this is my personal copy of his great text, the canon of medicine. upon the flip, the full work with a multi volume group of texts that took on where the greeks left off positions like galen and hypocrisy. in this 1st volume, he describes human anatomy in great detail. and what i love is that he talks about things like history in which the muscles of the stakes and then goes on to talk

about the muscles of the horrid, the muscles of the eyeball. even the muscles of the eyelid. he works his way through the entire human anatomy. in other text, he describes surgery. he describes illnesses in their treatments, its medical knowledge, as they understood it, then it contained a lot of superstition, but a lot of common sense as well. the point is this text was so important, it was still being used around the world over 500 years later. even though today, we know that not everything had been seen a rope was correct. his work was the pinnacle of medical knowledge at that time. in his cannon, he includes a large number of medicines and remedies that use common herbs. during the golden age, herbal remedies went to no turnitin to mainstream medicine. they were all they knew . and as the empire grew travellers who bring back new plans from far and wide, so new drugs were discovered and administered. rima has met his based,

in lieu in jordan. she cultivates medicinal herbs, some of which have been in use since the golden age. lavender is good for, relax for the body and is very good for today. so even though they would have used it in the golden, they wouldn't understand about bacteria, but they knew it was still good. yeah. okay. and this is one more wormwood. yeah. what is this useful as good for the call? oh, 1st to treat. yes. and this was known from a long time. ah, this is say is this man said oh yes. is this good for the stomach? it's good for gram, i suppose the patient what i find fascinating is that during the golden age, every hospital would have had her garden just like this. it was the drug store and

it's interesting that we hearing those things there really is still described and in use. in modern times. i have been seen as great kind of medicine describes a variety of herbs. 1000 years after the canon was written, dr. debt left quinton is growing. some of these herbs and go hon. a park in the stumble, so that he can study the medical remedies that have been seen are described. we planted following the canon of medicine, 26 medicinal plans out of hundreds which had been described by him. siena around 2020. he worked for 6 years on the company, so both clubs and they had medicinal proper to what sort of things would they would that have been useful? they were, i'm to talk, seek until for material. and did they were some of them approved today's, at

a half years active ingredients. we say i can show you one sample it is cause nowadays let me jayla pizza. you can find it also on the bread of the turkish brit mall black sea. yeah. black, human black human to right. and what would this have been useful? you know, what property that it was also anti toxic. for example, if seen, i mention it again by probably slate by it was used for until much is still a tissues. i like other important work during the golden age. it been seen as canada medicine spread across the atlantic world and beyond. as the process of knowledge transfer was revolutionized, one reason lowly spread, so effectively throughout the stomach empire was because it suddenly became much easier to produce and copy text. the slamming scholars had adopted the chinese

technology of paper making and paper is much cheaper to produce and use the parchment to pirate. an important aspect of this is kelly graffiti off of handwriting. so i've come to meet the calligrapher to tell me all about the news. what actually kind of method in the market last will be this nami, in because we do have critical coming in or not about the philosophy and if you could house, what about him? i wasn't really thinking we had this on on, on some side the we're playing tonight, a lot of him, but he has said it has. it's not even highlighted this daniel colgrove ticket. he's got the, the mash some

a little harder. 150 isn't the chinese paper was durable, lighter and more easily bound into books which created a thriving publishing and book copying. industry manuscripts had to be duplicated by hand. and this produced a great demand for slamming kelly. griffith was selected in music. if they were used to have nuclear, having wildlife high florida, is that again? if you remember the he said this is a really good thing i didn't put in the problem is put up on the vehicle. well, calligraphy clearly remains today just as important an art form as it was back in the golden age. the scholars then, not only perfected the art of paper making,

they also develop simpler forms of calligraphy, means of preserving their paper and binding blues to hold their books together. in that way, these technologies came together, enabling them to produce books in large quantities. this is how their knowledge propagated so effectively throughout the world. ah, the manuscripts of the golden age influence scientists long after the decline of the atlantic empire. for instance, if been seen a cannon of medicine was translated into latin copies was still being printed, insert connected. well into the 16th century, these texts influenced the great thinkers of the rene sounds, who in turn, laid the foundations modern world. ah, this impressive building at the while cornell, medical college and of youth of cornell university, new york. that base had a cup of come to find out more about their genetic research,

how they're mapping to the human genome, to find out more about genetic and hereditary diseases pertaining to people in this part of the world. the geno, mr. complex genetic code contained in every cell in our body, determines all our inherited features, such as what we do like or what inherited diseases we might be able to. it's unique for every person. so this is a microscope that allows you to look in different depth inside the cell. ah, professor haunted mac checker has great expectations of what sequencing genome will reveal. the program is about 6 years old. now the focus is on problems that are of importance in the region, particularly encounter where there are a lot of families that have inherited diseases. and diabetes is a critical importance. there are new genetic disorders are critically important. so we've chosen to take those families and sequence both affected unaffected members,

and that will help us pinpoint the gene that causes the disease. the key to understanding these diseases is to analyze people's genomes to look for differences . and to do this, they use a d, n, a sequence, it connected to a supercomputer. all living organisms are made up of each cell has a nucleus and within the new genetic materials that define the features that make us unique. this genetic material is a code made up of over 3000000000 components called bases is too long to be analyzed in one piece. so 1st they need to split it into smaller sections. these machines and does a process called shotgun sequencing. so essentially here what we do is take that genetic material, chop it up into small pieces, and load it into the instrument. it will interpret that information and put these pieces back together, rather than trying to follow the full string of the billions of bait is

a one dna molecule. is chopping your top, looking at different bit, and then putting it back piece and get back together. genetic technologies evolving rapidly. the lab has recently installed the most advanced piece of equipment for dna sequencing is the 1st of its kind to be used in the middle east. this is the 3rd generation sequencer. and what it does is it sequences longer fragments of the genetic code. this one can give us, as you see here, this hand goes all the way 240-000-1000 as opposed to one handwriting that one. so that will give you more structural information on the chromosome. this equipment makes it possible for the lab to sequence the gene of large numbers of people. it's a huge advance. it's 1990. when the 1st project to sequence the human genome officially began that original human genome reference was sequence in 10 years. it

was a huge helix. was a big accomplishment. now we can sequence the human genome within $6.00 to $10.00 days with this technology. so the addresses are huge within 10 years. work going on here, puts the university at the forefront of modern research building on the scholarly spirit of the golden age. were over a 1000 years ago. the flow was from the west of the arab world, or people were coming to baghdad and alexandria and damascus centers of learning and learning about the latest technology and what's going on, and then taking it back home and improving their own health care or mathematics or understanding of the restaurant to me or whatever it is. do you feel personally a sense of pride that now in the arab world, in wisdom? well, there is this cutting edge research going on again after so many centuries of decline

where it would want the center of, of knowledge and research. no, very much so very much. so i think that's a huge incentive for a lot of scientists who are originally from the region to come back and contribute back. but i also see it as a bridge to, you know, science tend to be a good subject to bring different people from all over the world together. because everybody seeking new knowledge. so it's a great platform to kind of build connectivity and build a multicultural environment where everybody can discuss and talk about these things . ah, well my head is spinning not only as of the board. she's here the most advanced and well equipped that i've probably seen anywhere in the world that had brought together researches from around the world, different cultures, different backgrounds to work together collaboratively in a way that so reminiscent of what happened in the house of wisdom in baghdad.

during the height of the golden age, who's from astronomy and optics to chemistry and medicine? we traced the journey explained to the discovery that linked the scholars of the golden age to the cutting edge science of our modern low. the what you have here is a handheld model of the sky there achievements for groundbreaking. this is a particular favorite of mine. beautiful, and their discoveries still resonate today. almost a 1000 years after the golden age of the india has been devastated by the covey. 19 pandemic, the one on 18th makes the front line workers risking their lives to treat the siege

and bury the dead. one out 0 the world lungs are being seized. the amazon rain forest is diminishing the rate of 2 football pitches per minute to meet the market insatiable appetite for logging mining and farming. as both scenarios, government seek to relax conservation laws and increase production. indigenous communities on the brink of extinction. know it's the fight of their life. people empower brazil's amazonian battle on al jazeera when the news breaks. and the story been, when people need to be hired nigeria with a woman. ringback press that would be great and the story needs to be told outages in teams on the ground to bring you more winning documentary. and life means the discussion here in iran is moving away from the presidential election to questioning the system. there's really no way that they can sort of think,

syria as economy as collapsing on an online play. an important role checking in with the. ringback face in the. ready south africa becomes the latest country to reimpose, locked down measures to combat the rapid rise in cases of the depth of area. ah, hello, i'm down, jordan, this is out today or a lie from dell are also coming up protest in the occupied west bank. and this is for the following the death of a permanent critic, record, low voter turnout and from says regional election sees the.