the part of the last decade and the judge said that too much time elapsed since facebook made those acquisitions for this to go through. so what it means ultimately is that it's very difficult or more difficult than many people would think for the government and its agencies and its lawyers to take on internet giants and try to prove monopolies. they can't do it on their own. they've got to get a judge to agree to it, and judges sometimes have different ideas of what constitutes monopoly power. ah, let's take you through the headlines down ethiopia. as federal government is announced, unilateral cease fire, and figure i, the rebel say they're in full control of the regional capital. mikella. federal troops and officials reportedly abandoned the city legend the knuckle crown. the

russell, as we all know, the time we are in right now is the rainy season. the locust swarm destroyed almost all the produce and to gray last year. and they couldn't collect the remaining projects because of the war. and after this comes to pass, if it can cultivate the harvest, this rainy season, the problem for the community is not an easy one, will not be resolved easily and the community will have problems for years to come . for us forces of come under attack in theory, after sundays, as strikes targeted iranian banks militia close to the rocky border. at least 8 missiles will find that the coalition that should based near an oil field in serious debt to the u. s. is defending its decision to target the popular mobilize ation forces. it's an umbrella group of iranian bank finances. at least 4 members of the group were killed. bran, we'll never get a nuclear weapon on my watch as they say. and, and i directed last night air strikes,

targeting sites used by the running back, the less your group responsible for the attacks on us personal rack. and i have the authority in your article too. and even those up in the hill who are reluctant to acknowledge that have acknowledged that the case to more bodies have been found in the rubble of the collapse beach front building in the town of surf. simon, florida. 11 people are now confirmed that that number is certain to rise. 150 residents remain missing. rescue efforts and now into the 5th day, even more cities in australia are going into long town as the crowd of iris delta variants increases their launch parts of the state of queens and including brisbin and perth. are the latest to bring in type restrictions for several days. fuzzy headlines, the news continues after a golden age worked out their existence. it's lordship,

as a principal presenter and as the correspondence with any breaking the story we want to hear from those people who would normally not get posted on the international news channels. one moment i'll be very proud of was when we covered the napoleon wake of 2015, a terrible natural disaster. and the story that needs to be told from the hall of the affected area to be that the tell the people story was very important at the time. ah, modern hypothetical mounted in medicine and health. of course, the result of many century development research and experimentation, much of which took place in the atlantic world between the 9 and 14th century, a golden age, a fine. during this time, scholars in the stomach world made huge contributions to medicine and created a body of knowledge that was tremendously important and influential around the

world for many hundreds of years. i'm jim colleen, which is professor of theoretical physics born in baghdad. i'll be exploring state to the art biomedical finance and covering the contribution made to the field by the scholars, the golden age, the ah ah ah, it was during the climate golden age that medicine started to be treated as a true sign with emphasis on empirical evidence and repeatable procedures during that time medical books are written, the became standard text throughout the world for many hundreds of years. i've come

here to the hum at hospital in del, hung up to see how the ideas of the scholars and the medieval, the stomach world. compare our modern medicine. ah, the hospitals neonatal unit deals with premature and newborn babies who are suffering from a variety of conditions is the only one of its kind. and babies are referred here from across the country. all in all, through our doors, we probably close 21721800 bailey. and that amounts to about 10 to 11 percent of the total that occurs in the hospital. so it is by comparison, one of the biggest units in the world. we do look after babies who are as small as 23 or 24 weeks gestation. so you're looking at about 5 months pregnancy, 5 month and one week pregnancy. and that in itself is incredible. i mean, not that long ago. 2324. we can just stay and there's no way to survive that. we've

come a long way at this hospital. they're carrying out pioneering research to improve the treatment of babies. born with neo natal and super loppy. that is, babies born with serious neurological damage because of a problem with oxygen or blood supply in the wound. the gold standard of treatment is putting these babies on a cooling mattress to try to reduce the temperature and limit the potential ongoing damage that could ensue in the brain. however, it does not really provide an appropriate success rate worldwide. here we're trying a simple remedy that we believe has potential, which is the addition of a drug called magnesium sulfate, but it never being tried in combination with the cooling method to improve the reliability of their research, the hospitals using what we call a control group. some of the babies received magnesium sulfate, whereas

a separate group, the control group receive it. this allows the hospital to compare fairly the effects of the treatment with and without the drug. ah. so this particular study is the double blind placebo control, which means that we are offering some of our babies, placebo, and some or getting the new sulphur, we don't really know which our which and that's otherwise why you buy it will be buying exactly one thing that's of tremendous interest to me is that this idea of a control group actually goes all the way back over a 1000 years to a persian physician by the name of arise the who, who built the the 1st hospitals in baghdad who was looking into the causes and treatments of meningitis and i believe he had not only his sample of patients, but he had a control group to which he wasn't administering the treatment. in that case,

it was blood letting you know isn't the way you treat meningitis, but the idea of a control group goes all the way back to 2 arises. this is actually one of the most important components of research that we do have a, a control group to try to, to ensure that, you know, if our study has come out as non biased to comparing. yeah, absolutely, absolutely arise. he was born in the city of ray near to her on, in the mid 9th century. and he was an early proponents of applying a rigorous scientific approach to medicine. during his distinguished career, he served as chief physician of hospitals in both re and baghdad. in the early 10th century, the ruling taylor from back that look, defeat, asked, arise the way in the city should build a new hospital. so a roger designed an experiment, he hung metre around different locations to see how quickly they rotted. and so

determine the place with the clean the stair. this was typical of arises. you have a problem, you design an experiment to find the answer. me. during the golden age, the dissection of human bodies was considered disrespectful. but there was one group of people who knew quite a bit about anatomy, which it will be the anatomy of animals longer than human. ah, well, even though this is just the labs, not a human hall, we can still see quite clearly the different compartments of different chambers within the hall. this would be something very familiar to you early position of a medieval age. chuckling in the 17th century,

william harvey famously carried out his groundbreaking research into the circulation of blood in the function of the heart. but in 1924, an ancient document was discovered. this was a text written by admin assistant century arab position in it. he describes the basics of pulmonary circulation. how large doesn't move across from one side of the heart of the other. had to take the long way round around the body. this 400 years before harvey i building on the writings of physicians like new fees and william harvey, our understanding of the heart has continued to develop hatfield hospital in the u . k. is part of the country's largest center for heart and lung disease. they're cutting edge treatments billed on the work of professor mac, the one of the world's leading heart specialists to set up the hospitals busy transplant unit. and who's received

a knighthood in britain for his services to medicine and the heart is such like a magical and the more i learn about it, the more i respect it because it goes on incessantly beating quietly, maintaining life professor yet who is also interested in the history of medicine, as part of a paper he commission for medical journal. he's research the life and work of the fees in here. we have born in syria and the early part of the 13th century. he was a fully match because he was studying. he was as he roach and he was a scientist, a few like he was a discover. but arguably, his most important contribution was his commentary on medicine in which he looked at how blood moves through the heart. so this is the heart and you can see quite

clearly the right sensor and the rest when it comes. and these are 2 completely separate chambers. the question has been, how does blood go from the right center to the center of the centuries? the accepted view had been that of the renown greek physician, galen galen said. the blood passes directly between the right and left ventricles of the heart, 2 tiny holes in the septum, the dividing wall that separates them. fees was the 1st challenge galen's view. he established that there weren't any hope, so they had to be another way for blood to pass from right to left. the contention of some persons to say that this place is poor. it's based on the pre conceived idea that the blood from that identical had to pass

through the city and they are wrong with this. he's got to this. ready saying that for somebody as young as this person at the time when he was 29, they'll have the courage to state such a thing as is absolutely remarkable. galen said that there are holes in the symptom . if you open the right then to like i'm doing now, it is solid. there are no channels whatsoever. even if he was absolutely right in the face stated that the blood must 1st pass through the lungs where he said it mingled with air before it came back. to the heart and was pumped around the body. now we know that the printer from the rice venture can goes into the farm reality because here goes around the land,

comes back in these family veins into the fences. so this is to fund them that he said relation, which comes here. that is the discovery. it's now obvious, but it was and then the faces description wasn't one the accepted at the time. and it wasn't until his manuscript was rediscovered in the 20th century that his work was universally recognized. it's now part of the long history of medicine that continues and he will polls today. we have a lot, but the hock, when we have learned how to stop it, how to restart it, how to replace it. how commended that, my god, there's a lot more given that to journey continues. the early

hospitals did exist in 8th and 9th century baghdad. but these were just more than hostiles for the sick, offering care, but not much in the way of kill. however, hospitals, as we recognise them today, giving treatment and offering medicine for free did begin to appear around the empire in cities such as cairo cord of damascus. ah, in order for these hospitals to provide care, they needed a knowledge of medicines and surgery. the most important work of the golden age was written by the great 10th century philosopher and physician, had been seen, are better known by his last name at the center. this is my personal copy of his great text, the canon of medicine. upon noon for flip, the full work with a multi volume group of text to con, where the greeks left off positions like galen and hypocrisy in his 1st volume. he describes human anatomy in great detail. and what i love is that he talks about

things like tertiary in which the muscles of the stakes and then goes on to talk about the muscles of the forward, the muscles of the eyeball. even the muscles of the eyelids. he that works his way through the entire human anatomy. in other describes surgery, he describes illnesses and their treatments, its medical knowledge, as they understood it, then it contained a lot of superstition, but a lot of common sense as well. the point is this text was so important, it was still being used around the world over 500 years later. even though today, we know that not everything had been seen the road was correct. his work was the pinnacle of medical knowledge at that time. in his cannon, he includes a large number of medicines and remedies that use common herbs. during the golden age, herbal remedies weren't an alternative to mainstream medicine. they were all they knew. and as the empire grew, travelers will bring back new plans from far and wide. so new drugs were discovered

and administered. rima has met his based, in lieu in jordan. she cultivates medicinal heads, some of which have been in use since the golden age. lavender is good for, relax for the body and is very good for add to s t d. so even though they would have used it in the gold and they wouldn't understand about bacteria, but they knew it was still good. yeah. okay. and this is one more wormwood. what is this useful as good for the call? oh 1st to treat. yes. and this was known from a long time. yeah. ah, this is phase this fence in stage. oh yeah. this is good for the stomach. it's good for the gram, i suppose the patient. yeah. what i find fascinating is that during the golden age,

every hospital would have had her garden just like this. it was their drug store. and it's interesting that we hearing those things there, but he's still described and him use in modern times have been seen as great kind of medicine describes a variety of herbs. 1000 years after the canon was written, doctor left quinton is growing. some of these herbs and go hon. a park in his stumble so that he can study the medical remedies that have been seen described. we planted following the canon of medicine, 26 medicinal plans out of hundreds which had been described by him seen around 1020. he worked for 6 years on the company, so those clubs and they had medicinal proper to what sort of things would they would that have been useful? they were to talk speak until for material. and did they work?

some of them approved even today that say, have this active ingredients. we say i can show you one sample it is cause nowadays let me jayla pizza. you can find it also on the bread of the turkish brit mall black sea. yeah. black, human black human to right. and what would this have been useful? you know, what property it was also anti toxic. for example, if seen i mention it again by probably snaked by it was use for and to run much is still it's, it's used like other important work during the golden age. it been seen as canada medicine spread across the atlantic world and beyond. as the process of knowledge transfer was revolutionized, one reason lowly spread, so effectively throughout the stomach empire was because it suddenly became much

easier to produce and copy text. the atlantic scholars had adopted the chinese technology of paper making and paper is much cheaper to produce and use the parchment to pirate an important aspect of this calligraphy off of handwriting. so i've come to meet the calligrapher to tell me all about the news. what can we do have method and philosophy is the heavy. this nami, in the counties time, we do have critical coming in or not about the philosophy and if, because what about him? i wasn't really thinking we had this off on some i'm so sorry. we're playing tonight. a lot of them, but they said it has not been the highlighted. mr. daniel people doing the

mash so much fun. little harder. well 50 it isn't. the chinese paper was durable, lighter and more easily battled into books which created a thriving publishing and book copying. industry manuscripts had to be duplicated by hand, and this produced a great demand for slamming kelly. griffith was selected in music, then they will leave him. nicholas for having any wildlife than i thought i was that again, if you remember that he said this is a really good thing. i didn't put it on the list and probably put up anything a little while. calligraphy clearly remains today just as important an art form as it was back in the golden age. the scholars then,

not only perfected the art of paper making, they also develop simpler forms of calligraphy, means of preserving their paper and binding blues to hold their books together. in that way, these technologies came together, enabling them to produce books in large quantities. this is how their knowledge propagated so effectively throughout the world. ah, the manuscripts of the golden age influence scientists long after the decline of the atlantic empire. for instance, if been seen as canada, medicine was translated into latin, and copies was still being printed insert connected. well into the 16th century, these texts influenced the great thinkers of the renee psalms, who in turn laid the foundations modern world. ah, this impressive building in the wild cornell medical college and of youth of cornell university in new york. but base here and copy of come to find out more

about their genetic research, how they're mapping the human genome to find out more about genetic and hereditary diseases pertaining to people in this part of the world. the geno mr. complex genetic code contained in every sally now body determines all our inherited features, such as what we do like or what inherited diseases we might be able to. it's unique for every person. so this is a microscope that allows you to look in different depth inside the cell. ah, professor haunted my check that has great expectations of sequencing genomes will reveal the program is about 6 years old. now the focus is on problems that are of importance in the region, particularly encounter where there are a lot of families that have inherited diseases. and diabetes is a critical importance. there are new genetic disorders are critically important. so we've chosen to think those families and sequence both affected unaffected members,

and that will help us pinpoint the gene that causes a disease. the key to understanding these diseases is to analyze people's genomes to look difference. and to do this, they use a dna sequencer. connected to a super computer, all living organisms are made up of so each cell has a nucleus and within the new pieces, the genetic materials that define the features that make us unique. this genetic material is a code made up of over 3000000000 components called bases is too long to be analyzed in one piece. so 1st they need to split it into smaller sections. these machines and does a process called shotgun sequencing. so essentially here what we do is take that genetic material, chop it up into small pieces, and load it into the instrument. it will interpret that information and put these

pieces back together, rather than trying to follow the full string of the billions of bases on one d. n. a molecule is chopping your top, looking at different bit, and then putting it back, piecing it back together. genetic technology is evolving rapidly. the lab has recently installed the most advanced piece of equipment for dna sequencing is the 1st of its kind to be used in the middle east. this is the 3rd generation sequencer . and what it does is it sequences longer fragments of the genetic code. this one can give us, as you see here, the tail goes all the way 240000 pounds and as opposed to one hand right than that one. so that will give you more information on the chromosome. this equipment makes it possible for the lab to sequence the genome of large numbers of people. it's a huge advance. it's 1990. when the 1st project to sequence the human genome officially

began original human genome, the reference was sequence in 10 years. it was a huge, huge helix. it was a big accomplishment. now we think was the human genome within $6.00 to $10.00 days with this technology. so the addresses are huge within 10 years. the work going on here puts the university at the forefront of modern research building on the scholarly spirit of the golden age. were over a 1000 years ago. the flow was from the west of the arab world where people were coming to baghdad and alexandria and damascus as centers of learning and learning about the latest technology and what's going on, and then taking it back home and improving their own health care or mathematics or understanding of the restaurant to me or whatever it is. do you feel personally a sense of pride that now in the arab world, in the wisdom? well,

there is this cutting edge research going on again after so many centuries of decline where it would want the center of, of knowledge and research. no, very much so very much. so i think that's a huge incentive for a lot of scientists who are originally from the region to come back and contribute back. but i also see it as a bridge to, you know, science tend to be a good subject to bring different people from all over the world together. because everybody seeking a new knowledge. so it's a great platform to kind of build connectivity and build a multicultural environment where everybody can discuss and talk about these things . ah, well my head is spinning not only as of the board. she's here the most advanced and well equipped, probably seen anywhere in the world. but it brought together researches from around the world, different cultures, different backgrounds to work together collaboratively in

a way that so reminiscent of what happened in the house of wisdom in baghdad. during the height of the golden age, who's from astronomy and optics to chemistry and medicine, we traced the journey exciting to the discovery that linked the scholars of the golden age to the cutting edge science of our modern globe. the what you have here is a handheld model of the sky. there achievements, look, groundbreaking. this is a particular favorite of mine. beautiful, and their discoveries still resonate today. almost a 1000 years after the golden age of the news on count him a call to focus on nigeria to recessions. and for years growing and security and

unemployment, oil companies packing up and leaving even the threat of piracy in the gulf of getting what could just what nigeria needs to do to confront its multiple challenges. counting the call on al jazeera, overflowing with passion, but desperately under resourced, charged national football team as never qualified for the africa, couple of nations. all the wildcat al jazeera world asks, what will it take for the squad to find the success pool? will the team be forever sidelined, chads football dri on al jazeera award winning programming from international. so make it one quick so it's straight on the back to the federal global x. that's in the discussion. what guarantee that liberty the right to take the life giving voice to the voice here in california,

almost everybody's a paycheck away from being on house program that opened your eyes to turn it if you well today, this is what the picture looks like. see the world from a different perspective on our oh, i have 7 months of fine thing. i see is fine. now in fig ry, if you can, troop pulled out of the north and the country. ah, hello. and sam is a them. this is al, just they are alive from the hall. so coming up.