to look at an increasingly powerful chinese leap, it focuses on ideology and lead up to the chinese communist polities, 100 year anniversary. they do is working hard to send one message. china's time has arrived, whether the world chooses to accept it or not. katrina, you al jazeera paging ah slogan i'm fully back to go. with the headlines on al jazeera, millions of people in western canada and north western united states are under heater larry south to record breaking temperatures. at least 65 people have died in the vancouver area alone since friday. in ethiopia to gray in rebels, say government rules for forced to withdraw from the regional capital mckennie. the government says the retreat was strategic. the to gray in people's liberation front times, also rejected the governing cease fire, calling it

a joke. catherine thought we have more from they will be prime minister, be ahmed, spoke to journalists not too long ago and re to rated the government position, saying, giving reasons why the, if you're going to this new from some parts of the grant, including mecca, let's say that this was a strategic decision that the soldiers need to deal with more. with a more national external threat, he did not say what this threat was or which the external forces were. but in that statement, as in that statement by the government aaliyah, it said that to the to grin defense forces are not a priority. c not a threat anymore. to former soviet secret police chiefs have been sent into 12 years in jail after being found guilty of war crimes. in the former yugoslavia in the 1990 s thomas h and franco markovich were convicted for their role in financing. and supporting said militias. north korea's leader has replaced several of his top officials after

what he called a grave lapse in corona's eyes. prevention came john on accused them of incompetence. there's been another record number of cobra, 1900 infections in indonesia, nearly 22000 in the past day, the sharp rise has forced oxygen prices to double in the capital way. some hospitals are overflowing. russian president vladimir 14 says he opposes mandatory vaccination despite his surgeon corona virus. infections is also accused the u. k. and us a feeling tensions in the black sea. after the british navy vessel failed close to russia's illegally, annexed region of crimea last week. and brazil supreme court is due to war on a case that could determine future plays by indigenous people. so they ancestral lands. leaders from 14 digits as close are awaiting the decision. those are the headlines. more news on i'll just era after science in a golden age. stay with this news

. news, news, news ah, modern, hard to put in the medicine and help. of course, the results of many centuries of development, research and experimentation, much of which took place in the summit quote between the 9 and 14th century, a golden age of 5. during this time, scholars in the stomach world made huge contributions to medicine and created a body of knowledge that was tremendously important and influential around the world. for many hundreds of years. i'm to market eating, which is professor of theoretical physics born in baghdad. i'll be exploring state to the biomedical science and covering the contribution made to the field by the

scholars, the golden age. the news ah, ah, it was during the climate golden age that medicine started to be treated as a true sign with emphasis on empirical evidence and repeatable procedures. during that time, medical books are written that became standard text throughout the world for many hundreds of years. i've come here to the hum at hospital in del, hung butler to see how the ideas of the scholars and the medieval, the stomach world. compare our modern medicine. ah,

the hospitals neonatal unit deals with premature and newborn babies who are suffering from a variety of conditions is the only one of its kind. it. and babies are referred here from across the country, all in all through our doors. we probably have close 21721800 baby. and that amounts to about 10 to 11 percent of the total for that occurs in this hospital. so it is by comparison, one of the biggest units in the world. we do look after babies who are as small as 23 or 24 weeks gestation. so you're looking at 5 months pregnancy, 5 months, and one week pregnancy. and that in itself is incredible. i mean, not that long ago, 2324. we call just state and there's no way to survive that. we've come a long way at this hospital, the carrying out pioneering research to improve the treatment of babies born with

neo natal and super lofty. that is, babies born with serious neurological damage because of a problem with oxygen or blood supply in the wound. the gold standard of treatment is putting these babies on a cooling mattress to try to reduce the temperature and limit the potential ongoing damage that could ensue in the brain. however, it does not really provide an appropriate success rate worldwide. here we're trying a simple remedy that we believe has potential, which is the addition of a drug called magnesium sulfate, but he's never being tried in combination with the cooling method to improve the reliability of their research, the hospitals using what we call a control group. some of the baby's received magnesium sulfate, whereas a separate group, the control group don't receive it. this allows the hospital to compare fairly effect of the treatment with and without the drug.

ah. so this particular study is a double blind placebo control, which means that we are offering some of our babies the placebo and some or getting the magnesium sulfate. we don't really know which our which and that's otherwise, you buy, it will be buying exactly. one thing that's of tremendous interest to me is that this idea of the control group actually goes all the way back over a 1000 years to a persian physician by the name of arise the who, who built the hospitals in baghdad, who was looking into the causes and treatments of meningitis and i believe he had not only his sample of patients that he had a control group to which he wasn't administering the treatment. in that case, it was not letting you know isn't the way you treat meningitis, but the idea of a control group goes all the way back to 2 arises. this is actually one of the most

important components of research that we do have a, a control group to try to, to ensure that our study is come out as non biased as possible to compare again. yeah, absolutely, absolutely arise. he was born in the city of ray near to her on, in the mid 9th century. and he was an early proponents of applying a rigorous scientific approach to medicine. during his distinguished career, he served as chief physician of hospitals in both re and baghdad. in the early 10th century, the ruling telephone back that looked defeat after rising, where in the city should build a new hospital. so a roger designed an experiment, he hung metre around different locations to see how quickly they rotted and so determined the place with the clean air. this was typical of a rosie, you have a problem, you design an experiment to find the answer. the me

during the golden age, the dissection of human bodies was considered disrespectful. but there was one group of people who knew quite a bit about anatomy, which it will be the anatomy of animal longer than human. ah, well, even though this is just the labs, not a human hall, we can still see quite clearly the different compartments, the different chambers within the hall. this is something very familiar to you. early position of the medieval age. chuckling in the 17th century, william hall, the famous d, carried out his groundbreaking research into the circulation of blood in the function of the heart. but in 1924, an ancient document was discovered. this was a text written by admin fee, assisting century arab position. in it,

he describes the basics of pulmonary circulation. how large doesn't move across from one side of the heart of the other. had to take a long way round around the body. this 400 years before harvey i building on the writings of physicians like in the left peace and william harvey, our understanding of the heart has continued to develop. hatfield hospital in the u . k. is part of the country's largest center, the heart and lung disease. there cutting edge treatments built on the work of professor mac, the one of the world's leading heart specialists who set up the hospitals busy transplant unit, and who's received a knighthood in britain for his services to medicine. the heart is such like a magical and the more i learn about it, the more i respect because he goes on incessantly beating

quietly, maintaining life professor yet who is also interested in the history of medicine. as part of a paper he commissioned for medical journal, he's research the life and work of the fees in here. we have a scholar born in syria and the early part of the 13th century. he was pretty much because he was 20 years as he roach. and he was a scientist, a few like he was a discover that arguably his most important contribution was his comment tree on medicine in which he looked at how blood moves through the heart. so this is the heart and you can see quite clearly the right center and the left spencer comes and these are 2 completely separate chambers. the question has been,

how does blood go from the right center to the center of the centuries? the accepted view had been that of the renown greek physician, galen, galen said. the blood passes directly between the right and left ventricles of the heart, 2 tiny holes in the septum, the dividing wall that separates them in the field was the 1st to challenge galen's view. he established that there weren't any hope, so they had to be another way for blood to pass from right to left. the contention of some persons to say that this place is for us. it's based on the pre conceived idea that the blood from that identical had to pass through the city and the nest. he's got to this. ready saying that for somebody as young at this person at the time

when he was 29, they'll have the courage to state such a thing is, is absolutely remarkable. galen said that there are holes and the symptom. if you open the right then to like i'm doing now, it is solid. there are no channels whatsoever. if he was absolutely right. and then the fee stated that the blood must 1st pass through the lungs where he said it mingled with air before it came back. to the heart and was pumped around the body. now we know that the printer from the rice venture can goes into the family. our tree is here, goes around the land comes back in these pharma, many veins into the offensive. so this is the phone that he said relation which

comes here. that is the discovery. it's now obvious, but it was and then evelyn, the thesis description wasn't one the accepted at the time. and it wasn't until his manuscript was rediscovered in the 20th century that his work was universally recognized. it's now part of the long history of medicine that continues to evolve today. we have learned a lot about the hawk. we have learned how to stop it, how to restart it, how to replace it. how commended that, my god, there's a lot more given the journey continues. i, early hospitals did exist in 8th, the 9th century baghdad. but these were little more than hostiles for the sick, offering care, but not much in the way of kill. however, hospitals, as we recognised them today,

giving treatment and offering medicine for free did begin to appear around the empire. cities such as cairo cord of damascus. ah, in order for these hospitals to provide care, they needed a knowledge of medicines and surgery. the most important work of the golden age was written by the great 10th century philosopher and physician, had been seen, are better known by his last name at the center. this is my personal copy of his great text, the canon of medicine upon noon for the full work was a multi volume group of texts that took on where the greeks left off positions like galen and hypocrisy. in his 1st volume. he describes human anatomy in great detail and what i love is that he talks about things like tertiary in which the muscles of the stakes and then goes on to talk about the muscles of the horrid, the muscles of the eyeball. even the muscles of the eyelid, he works his way through the entire human anatomy. in other slides,

surgery he describes illnesses and their treatments. it's medical knowledge, as they understood it, then it contained a lot of superstition, but a lot of common sense as well. the point is this text was so important, it was still being used around the world over 500 years later. even though today, we know that not everything had been seen a rope was correct. his work was the pinnacle of medical knowledge at that time. in his cannon, he includes a large number of medicines and remedies that use common herbs. during the golden age, herbal remedies weren't an alternative to mainstream medicine. they were all they knew. and as the empire grew, travelers will bring back new plans from far and wide. so huge rugs were discovered and administered. rima hasn't been based in june and jordan, she cultivates medicinal heads, some of which have been in use since the golden age. 11 is good for, relax,

for the body. and it's very good for today. so even though they would have used it in the gold and they wouldn't understand about bacteria, but they knew it was still good. yeah. okay. and this is one more wormwood. yeah. what is this useful as good for the call? oh 1st to treat. yes. and this was known from a long time. yeah. ah, this is phase. this man said, oh yeah. is this good for the stomach? it's good for the gram, i suppose the patient. yeah. what i find fascinating is that during the golden age, every hospital would have had her garden just like this. it was a drug store. and it's interesting that we hearing those things there, but he's still described and in use in modern times been seen as great

kind of medicine describes a variety of herbs. 1000 years after the canon was written, dr. debt, left quinton is growing. some of these herbs and go hon. a park in his stumble so that he can study the medical remedies that have been seen a described. we planted following the canon of medicine, 26 medicinal plans out of hundreds which had been described by him. siena around 2020, he worked for 6 years on the company. so those plots and they had medicinal proper to what sort of things would they would that have been useful? they were anti talk until for material. and did they work? some of them approved today that they have says active ingredients. we say i can show you one sample that has caused nowadays let and they need jayla pizza.

you can find it also on the bread of the turkish brit mall black sea. yeah. black, human black human to right. and what would this have been useful property that it was also unto toxic? for example, if seen, i mentioned it again by probably slate by it was use for until much silica use like other important work during the golden age. it been, as canada medicine spread across the atlantic world and beyond, as the process of knowledge transfer was revolutionized. one reason lowly spread, so effectively throughout the assembly empire was because it suddenly became much easier to produce and copy text. the flemish scholars had adopted the chinese technology of paper making and paper is much cheaper to produce and use the parchment of a pirate and important aspect of this calligraphy off of handwriting. so i've come

to meet a colleague, to tell me all about the news. what actually counties have method in philosophy and the heavy this now me in the counties time we do have critical coming in or not about the philosophy and if you could let us know about him, i wasn't sure just was really quick. you know, we had this off on, on some, i'm so sorry, we're playing tonight. a lot of initiative has said it has not been equal and highlight and then you'll see a couple of tickets. you've got the, the match some level. well, 50 isn't chinese paper was durable,

lighter and more easily bound into books which created a thriving publishing and book copying. industry manuscripts had to be duplicated by hand. and this produced a great demand for slamming kelly. griffith was selected in music. then there were in the eastern nickel while the high school day is that again? if you remember, the sense that he shouldn't affect anything any i didn't want for that if it's in the proceed puts up anything a little me. well, calligraphy clearly remains today just as important an art form as it was back in the golden age. the scholars then, not only perfected the art of paper making, they also developed simpler forms of calligraphy, means of preserving their paper and binding blues to hold their books together. in

that way, these technologies came together, enabling them to produce books in large quantities. this is how their knowledge propagated so effectively throughout the world. ah, the manuscripts of the golden age influence scientist long after the decline of the atlantic empire. for instance, if been seen of kennedy, medicine was translated into latin, and copies was still being printed and circulated. well into the 16th century, these texts influenced the great thinkers of the rene sounds, who in turn, laid the foundations modern world. ah, this impressive building it the while cornell, medical college and of youth of cornell university, new york. that base here and copy of come to find out more about their genetic research. how they're mapping the human genome, just find out more about genetic and hereditary diseases pertaining to people in

this part of the world. ah, the genome is the complex genetic code contained in every cell in our body, determines all our inherited features, such as what we look like or what inherited diseases we might be able to. it's unique for every person. so this is a microscope that allows you to look in different depth inside the cell. ah, professor honda mic checker has great expectations of sequencing genomes will reveal the program is about 6 years old. now the focus is on problems that are of importance in the region, particularly encounter where there are a lot of families that have inherited diseases. and diabetes is a critical importance there. a newer genetic disorders are critically important. so we've chosen to take those families and sequence both affected unaffected member, and that will help us pinpoint the gene that causes a disease. the key to understanding these diseases is to analyze people's genomes,

to look for differences. and to do this, they use a dna sequencer. connected to a supercomputer, all living organisms are made up of each cell has a nucleus and within the new pieces, the genetic materials that define the features that make us unique. the genetic material is a code made up of over 3000000000 components called bases. is too long to be analyzed in one piece. so 1st they need to split it into smaller sections. these machines and does a process called shotgun sequencing. so essentially here what we do is take that genetic material, chop it up into small pieces, and load it into the instrument. it will interpret that information and put these pieces back together, rather than trying to follow the full string of the billions of bait is a one dna molecule. is chopping your top, looking at different bit, and then putting it back piece and get back together. genetic technology is

evolving rapidly. the lab has recently installed the most advanced piece of equipment for dna sequencing is the 1st of its kind to be used in the middle east. this is the 3rd generation sequencer. and what it does is it sequences longer fragments of the genetic code. this one can give us, as you see here, the tail goes all the way 240000 pounds. and as opposed to one hand that i've been that one. so that will give you more information on the chromosome. this equipment makes it possible for the lab to sequence the gene of large numbers of people. it's a huge advance in 1990. when the 1st project to sequence the human genome officially began that original human genome reference was sequence in 10 years. it was a huge international helix. it was a big accomplishment. now we can sequence the human genome within $6.00 to $10.00

days with this technology. so the addresses are huge within 10 years. work going on here, puts the university at the forefront of modern research building on the scholarly spirit of the golden age. were over a 1000 years ago. the flow was from the west of the world where people were coming to baghdad and alexandria and damascus as centers of learning and learning about the latest technology and what's going on, and then taking it back home and improving their own health care or mathematics or understanding of astronomy or whatever it is, do you feel personally a sense of pride that now in the arab world in the most and well, there is this cutting edge research going on again after so many centuries of decline where it was, was the center of, of knowledge and research no, very much so very much. so i think that's a huge incentive for

a lot of scientists who are originally from the region to come back and contribute back. but i also see it as a bridge to, you know, science tend to be a good subject to bring different people from all over the world together. because everybody seeking a new knowledge. so it's a great platform to kind of build connectivity and build a multicultural environment where everybody can discuss and talk about these things . ah, well my head is spinning, not only as of the board. she's here the most advanced and well equipped that i've probably seen anywhere in the world. but it brought together researches from around the world, different culture, different backgrounds to work together collaboratively in a way that so reminiscent of what happened in the house of wisdom in baghdad. during the height of the golden age, whose bron astronomy and optics to

chemistry and medicine. we've faced the journey explained to the discovery that linked the scholars of the golden age to the cutting edge science about modern low. the what you have here is a handheld model of the sky there achievements for groundbreaking. this is a particular favorite of mine. beautiful. and there discoveries still resume today . almost a 1000 years after the golden age of the news. ah, ah ah,

ah, the health of humanity is at the stake. a global pandemic requires a global response. w h o is the guardian of global health delivering life saving tools, supplies, and training to help the world's most vulnerable people, uniting across the board as to speed up the development of tests, treatments, and vaccine keeping you up to date with what's happening on the ground in the ward and in the lab. now, more than ever, the world needs w h. making a healthy a world for you everyone years ago, the great, the damage caused the precious grasslands of chile. it's being reversed with one of the world's biggest other conservation projects. they're pretty emblematic of the

patagonia and if they're plentiful and they're calm like this one is new, know that the system is going back and that they feel no threat. and that's why you know, i, for re wilding passive, go on al jazeera ah record breaking temperatures in western canada. and parts of the u. s. lead to dozens of experts. the climate change is to blame. ah, i'm 20 back people. you're watching college a 0 live from also coming up. if your peers army warns of a huge respond safe to great forces reorganized after the rebel just rejected. the govern ceasefire. you and.