in futures, gems would still be a problem. i know these prototypes have shown that the stuff the to see is now within reach. ok. maybe not point. you mentioned it. funny guy, i go out there. i remember you can always find much, much more in our website, including all those celebrations in china. that's i was, was there a dot com? ah, hi there. this is al jazeera and these are the headlines president. she's being says, the era of china being bullied and abused by other nations is gone forever. he was speaking during contemporary celebrations of the communist party. ah, he address hundreds of thousands of people at gentlemen square and bathing. the president

warned any foreign forces that oppress china will have their heads abashed, bloody against the great wall of steel forged by 1400000000 people from local and 10 by the communist party in chinese. people have showed the world, the chinese people have stood up, the time in which the chinese nation can be bullied and abused is gone forever. the party showed the world that chinese people not only capable of dismantling the old world, but can build a new one. only socialism can save china, only socialism with chinese characteristics can develop china. foreign tourists vaccination against harvard 19 can now travel to thailand's popular destination pre kept without having to quarantine. the 1st plane has arrived in its hopes, the movable boost, the country, the dwindling tourism industry. but many of the areas residents have not yet had a vaccine, and the country is now battling, it's fed and west yet wave of the pandemic. meanwhile, bangladesh has gone into lockdown to try to stop the spread of the 1900 driven by

the delta vary and thousands though rushed to get her. and before those restrictions came into effect, under these new measures only emergency services and some export funds can still continue to operate. a 1st nations community in canada has found $182.00 unmarked graves and the size of a former residential school for indigenous children. the remains of what i believe to be more than a 1000 children has now been found at 3 different locations. there are calls to counsel canada's national de u. s. comedian bell cars. the husband, released from prison after pennsylvania supreme court overturned his conviction, the 83 year old son more than 2 years of a 10 year sentence on charges of drugging and assaulting a woman in 2004. well, those are the headlines. i'll have an update for you after science and a golden age, a city defined by military occupation. there's never been an arab state. he with

the capital of jerusalem. everyone is welcome, but the default structure that meant in the colonial project, that's what we did. was one of the founders of the settlement with this and the story of juice through the eyes of its own people, segregation, occupation discrimination, injustice. this is upper side in the 41st century. to them a rock and a hard place analogy, 0 ah, modern, high, mounted in medicine and help of course, the result of many centuries of development, research and experimentation, much of which took place in the atlantic world between the 9 and 14th century and a golden age of 5, during this time, scholars in the stomach world made huge contributions to medicine and created a body of knowledge that was tremendously important and influential around the world for many hundreds of years. i'm jim l cleaning,

which is professor of theoretical physics born in baghdad. and i'll be exploring state to the art biomedical science and covering the contribution made to the field by the scholars, the golden age. the news ah, ah, it was during the climate golden age that medicine started to be treated as a true sign with emphasis on empirical evidence and repeatable procedures. during that time medical books written that became standard tech throughout the world for many hundreds of years. i've come here to the hospital in dell,

hong button to see how the ideas of the scholars and the medieval, the stomach world. compare our modern medicine. ah, the hospital neonatal unit deals with premature and newborn babies who are suffering from a variety of conditions is the only one of its kind it. and babies are referred here from across the country, all in all through our doors. we probably have close 21721800 baby. and that amounts to about 10 to 11 percent of the total for that occurs in this hospital. so it is by comparison, one of the biggest units in the world. we do look after babies who are as small as 23 or 24 weeks gestation. so you're looking at a 5 months pregnancy, 5 months, and one week pregnancy. and that in itself is incredible. i mean, not that long ago. 2324. we can just take and there's no way to survive that. we've

come a long way at this hospital, the carrying out pioneering research to improve the treatment of babies born with neo natal and super lofty that is babies born with serious neurological damage because of a problem with oxygen or blood supply in the wound. the goal standard of treatment is putting these babies on a cooling mattress to try to reduce the temperature and limit the potential ongoing damage that could ensue in the brain. however, it does not really provide an appropriate success rate worldwide. here we're trying a simple remedy that we believe has potential, which is the addition of a drug called magnesium sulfate, but he's never being tried in combination with the cooling method to improve the rely realty of their research, the hospitals, using what we call a control group some of the babies received magnesium sulfate, whereas

a separate group, the control group don't receive it. this allows the hospital to compare fairly the effect of the treatment with and without the drug. ah. so this particular study is a double blind plus feeble control, which means that we are offering some of our baby, feeble, and some or getting the magnesium sulfate. we don't really know which our which and that's otherwise, you buy, it will be buying exactly. one thing that's of tremendous interest to me is that this idea of a control group actually goes all the way back over a 1000 years to a persian physician by the name of a rossi who, who built the the 1st hospitals in baghdad, who was looking into the cold is and treatments of meningitis, and i believe he had not only his sample of patients, but he had a control group to which he wasn't administering the treatment. in that case,

it was blood letting you know isn't the way you treat meningitis, but the idea of a control group goes all the way back to 2 arises. this is actually one of the most important components of research that we do have a, a control group to try to, to ensure that our study is come out as non bias the muscle to compare again. yeah, absolutely, absolutely arise. he was born in the city of ray near to her on, in the mid 9th century. and he was an early proponents of applying a rigorous scientific approach to medicine. during his distinguished career, he served as chief physician of hospitals in both re and baghdad. in the early 10th century, the ruling telephone back that looked defeat after rossi where in the city should build a new hospital. so a roger designed an experiment, he hung meter around different locations to see how quickly they rotted. and so

determine the place with the cleanest air. this was typical of arises, you have a problem, you design an experiment to find the answer. me. during the golden age, the dissection of human bodies was considered disrespectful. but there was one group of people who knew quite a bit about anatomy butcher, albeit the anatomy of animals longer than human. ah. well, even though this is just a labs, not a human hall, we can still see quite clearly the different compartments of different chambers within the hall. this would be something very familiar to you earlier. physicians of the medieval age sugarland in the 17th century, william harvey famously carried out his groundbreaking research into the

circulation of blood in the function of the heart. but in 1924, an ancient document was discovered. this was a text written by admin assistant century arab position in it. he described the basics of pulmonary circulation. how lot doesn't move across from one side of the heart of the other. had to take a long way round around the body. this 400 years before harvey i building on the writings of physicians like edna fees and william harvey, our understanding of the heart has continued to develop. hatfield hospital in the u . k. is part of the country's largest center for heart and lung disease. there cutting edge treatments built on the work of professor mcgee, one of the world's leading heart specialists who set up the hospitals busy transplant unit, and who's received a knighthood in britain for his services to medicine. the heart is such like

a magical going, the more i learn about it, the more i respect it because it goes on incessantly beating quietly, maintaining life professor yet who is also interested in the history of medicine. as part of a paper he commission for medical journal, he's research the life and work of the fees in here. we have a scholar born in syria in the early part of the 13th century. he was pretty much because he was 20 years as he roach. and he was a scientist, a few like he was a discover that arguably his most important contribution was his commentary on medicine in which he looked at how blood moves through the heart. so this is the heart and you can see quite clearly the right center and the references. and these

are 2 completely separate chambers. the question has been, how does blood go from the right center to the center? centuries the excepted view had been that of the renown greek physician, galen, galen said. the blood passes directly between the right and left ventricles of the heart. 2 tiny holes in the septum, the dividing wall that separates them. fees was the 1st to challenge galen's view. he established that there weren't any hope, so they had to be another way for blood to pass from right to left. the contention of some persons to say that this place is for us. it's based on the pre conceived idea that the lot on that identical had to pass through the city and the nest. he's

got to this. ready saying that for somebody as young at this person at the time when he was 29, they'll have the courage to state such a thing as is absolutely remarkable. galen said that there are holes in the symptom . if you open the right then to like i'm doing now, it is solid. there are no channels whatsoever. if he was absolutely right. and then the fee stated that the blood must 1st pass through the lungs where he said it mingled with air before it came back. to the heart and was pumped around the body. now we know that the printer from the rice venture can goes into the farm. reality is here,

goes around along comes back in these pharma many veins into the offensive. so this is the problem that he said relation which comes here. that is the discovery. it's now obvious, but it was and then evelyn, the thesis description wasn't one the accepted at the time. and it wasn't until his manuscript was rediscovered in the 20th century that his work was universally recognized. it's now part of the long history of medicine that continues to evolve today. we have learned a lot, but the hark when we implant how to stop it, how to restart it, how to replace it. how commended that, my god, there's a lot more even though the journey continues. the early hospitals did exist in 8th and 9th century baghdad. but these were just more than

hostiles for the sick, offering care, but not much in the way of cure. however, hospitals, as we recognised them today, giving treatment and offering medicine for free, they begin to appear around the empire cities such as cairo cord of damascus. ah, in order for these hospitals to provide care, they needed a knowledge of medicines and surgery. the most important work of the golden age was written by the great 10th century philosopher and physician had been seen or better known by his last name at the center. this is my personal copy of his great text, the canon of medicine upon noon for the full work was a multi volume group of texts that took on where the greeks left off positions like galen and hypocrisy. in his 1st volume. he describes human anatomy in great detail and what i love is that he talks about things like tertiary in which the muscles of

the stakes and then goes on to talk about the muscles of the forward, the muscles of the eyeball. even the muscles of the eyelid, he works his way through the entire human anatomy. in other slides, surgery he describes illnesses and their treatments. it's medical knowledge, as they understood it, then it contained a lot of superstition, but a lot of common sense as well. the point is this text was so important, it was still being used around the world over 500 years later. even though today, we know that not everything had been seen the road was correct. his work was the pinnacle of medical knowledge at that time. in his cannon includes a large number of medicines and remedies that use common herbs. during the golden age, herbal remedies weren't in no turnitin to mainstream medicine. they were all they knew. and as the empire grew, travelers will bring back new plant from far and wide. so huge rugs were discovered

and administered. rima has that is based in june and jordan. she cultivates medicinal heads, some of which have been in use since the golden age. love and is good for, relax for the body, and is very good for antibacterial. so even though they would have used it in the gold and they wouldn't understand about bacteria, but they knew it was still good. yeah. okay. and this is one more wormwood. yeah. what is this useful as good for the call it? oh 1st to treat. yes. and this was known from a long time. ah, this is phase this stage. all yeah. is this good for the stomach is good for gram i suppose the patient. yeah. what i find fascinating is that during the golden age, every hospital would have had her garden just like this. it was

a drug store. and it's interesting that we hearing those same, somebody's still described and in use in modern times have been seen as great kind of medicine describes a variety of herbs. 1000 years after the canon was written, dr. debt, left quinton is growing. some of these herbs and go hon. a park in his stumble so that he can study the medical remedies that have been seen described. we planted following the canon of medicine, 26 medicinal plans out of hundreds which had been described by him. siena around 2020, he worked for 6 years on the company. so those clubs they had medicinal proper to what sort of things would they would they have been useful? they were, i'm to talk speak until for material. and did they were some of them approved today

that say have says active ingredients, we say i can show you one sample it has caused. nowadays let me jayla pizza. you can find it also on the bread of the turkish, brett mall. black sea. yeah. black, human black human to right, and what would this have been useful? you know, we'll talk with you. it was also anti toxic, for example, in seen mentions against bites. probably slate by it was use for until much is still a tissues like other important work. during the golden age, it been panel of medicine spread across the atlantic world and beyond. as the process of knowledge transfer was revolutionized, one reason knowledge spread. so effectively throughout the atlantic empire was because it suddenly became much easier to produce and copy text. the flemish

scholars had adopted the chinese technology of paper making and paper is much cheaper to produce and use the parchment of a pirate. an important aspect of this is kelly graffiti off of handwriting. so i've come to meet a colleague of to tell me all about the news. what actually kind of stuff and method and philosophy, the heavy, this nami in the counties time. we do have critical coming in or not about the philosophy and if you could let us know about him, i wasn't really thinking we had this on on, on some i'm sorry, we're playing tonight a lot of him, but he has said it has the vehicle and highlight and then you'll see a couple of tickets. you've got the, the mash some a little harder. well,

this isn't the chinese paper was durable, lighter and more easily bound into books which created a thriving publishing and copying industry. manuscripts, had to be duplicated by hand. and this produced a great demand with kelly. griffith was selected in music. it used to have nuclear, super, having wildlife high school. it is that again, if you remember, we said that he said this is really the 2nd thing that i didn't if it's in the cloud puts up anything. well, calligraphy clearly remains today just as important an art form as it was back in the golden age. the scholars then, not only perfected the art of paper making,

they also develop simpler forms of calligraphy, means of preserving their paper and binding blues to hold their books together. in that way, these technologies came together, enabling them to produce books in large quantities. this is how their knowledge propagated so affectively throughout the world. ah, the manuscripts of the golden age influence scientists long after the decline in the atlantic empire. for instance, if been seen a canon of medicine, was translated into latin and copies was still being printed and circulated well into the 16th century. these texts influenced the great thinkers of the renaissance, who in turn, laid the foundations modern worms. this impressive building, while cornell medical college and of hue to cornell university, new york faced his cup of come to find out more about their genetic research. how

they're mapping to the human genome, to find out more about genetic and hereditary diseases pertaining to people. in this part of the world, the geno mr. complex genetic code contained in every cell in our bodies. it determines all our inherited features, such as what we look like or what inherited diseases we might be able to. it's unique for every person. so this is a microscope that allows you to look in different depth inside the cell. ah, professor haunted mac checker has great expectations of sequencing. genomes will reveal the program is about 6 years old. now the focus is on problems that are of importance in the region, particularly in cataract, where there are a lot of families that have inherited diseases. and diabetes is a critical importance. there are near a genetic disorders are critically important. so we've chosen to take those families and sequence both affected unaffected members,

and that will help us pinpoint the gene that causes the disease. the key to understanding these diseases is to analyze people's genomes to look for differences . and to do this, they use a d, n, a sequencer, connected to a supercomputer. all living organisms are made up of each cell has a nucleus and within the new pieces, the genetic materials that define features that make us unique. the genetic material is a code made up of over 3000000000 components called bases is too long to be analyzed in one piece. so 1st they need to split it into smaller sections. these machines and does a process called shotgun sequencing. so essentially here what we do is take that genetic material, chop it up into small pieces, and load it into the instrument. it will interpret that information and put these pieces back together rather than trying to follow the full string of the billions

of bait is a one d n. a molecule is shopping your top looking at different bit, and then putting it back piece and get back together. genetic technology is evolving rapidly. the lab has recently installed the most advanced piece of equipment for dna sequencing is the 1st of its kind to be used in the middle east. this is the 3rd generation sequencer. and what it does is it sequences longer fragments of the genetic code. this one can give us, as you see here, the tail goes all the way to a 1000 pounds and as opposed to 100, i think that one. so that will more information on the chromosome. this equipment makes it possible for the lab to sequence the genome of large numbers of people. it's a huge advance in 1990. when the 1st project to sequence the human genome officially began original human genome,

the reference was sequence in 10 years. it was a huge helix was a big accomplishment. now we can sequence the human genome within $6.00 to $10.00 days with this technology. so the addresses are huge within 10 years. we're going on here, puts the university at the forefront of modern research building on the scholarly spirit of the golden age. where over a 1000 years ago, the flow was from the west of the world where people were coming to baghdad and alexandria and damascus centers of learning and learning about the latest technology and what's going on. and then taking it back home and improving their own health care, or mathematics or understanding of restaurant to me or whatever it is. do you feel personally a sense of pride that now in the arab world, in wisdom? well, there is this cutting edge research going on again after so many centuries of decline

where it was, was the center of, of knowledge and research know very much so very much. so i think that's a huge incentive for a lot of scientists who are originally from the region to come back and contribute back. but i also see it as a bridge to, you know, science tend to be a good subject to bring different people from all over the world together. because everybody seeking new knowledge. so it's a great platform to kind of build connectivity and build a multicultural environment where everybody can discuss and talk about these things . ah, well my head is spinning. not only that, the board is here, the most advanced and well equipped that i've probably seen anywhere in the world. but it brought together researches from around the world, different cultures, different backgrounds to work together collaboratively in a way that so reminiscent of what happened in the house of wisdom in baghdad.

during the height of the golden age news from astronomy and optics to chemistry and medicine. we traced the journey of scientific discovery that linked the scholars of the golden age to the cutting edge science of our modern world. the what you have here is a handheld model of the sky there achievements for groundbreaking. this is a particular favorite of mine. beautiful, and their discoveries still resonate today. almost a 1000 years after the golden age of the news. the world's lungs being seized, the amazon rain forest is diminishing the rate of 2 football pictures

a minute to meet the market insatiable appetite for logging, mining and farming. as both scenarios, government seek to relax conservation laws and increase production. indigenous communities on the brink of extinction. no, it's the bite of their life. people empower brazil's amazonian battle on al jazeera, of faith content story, without uttering a single word. the convention of life. witness through the lens of the human eye. on our era. when the news breaks and the story bill, when people need to be heard nigeria with a woman press, it would be great. and the story needs to be told. al jazeera had teams on the ground to bring you more award winning documentary and life news. the discussion here in iran is moving away from the presidential election to questioning the system. there's really no way to think serious economy is collapsing on

online. we understand the differences in the culture because what movies, news, and current does that matter to you? i hello there, i'm this tells you pay and how with the top stories here on al jazeera and present children being says, the era of china being bullied and abused by other nations. if gone forever. he was speaking during centuries, celebrations of the communist party. ah, he addressed hundreds of thousands of people if you can see that gentleman square and beijing the president.