actually shield the kurdish language, you know, she was one of the pages and days relief, but i think it went, well, i'm happy that the class so now is a great time. see what happened as the winners were announced, it was and the outcome, the bizarre or martyr had hopeful. but although they look down from the prize money, they will undoubtedly leave can, richer inexperience, friendships and memories. natasha butler, i'll just 0 can. ah, the headlines on al jazeera, it's all about a claim that now controls 85 percent of gun. it's done. legation from the group has been visiting moscow and insist that is open to a cease fire with the afghan government. the group says it will lead and inclusive government that won't allow isolate to operate from afghan territory. russia says it's received assurances that there will be no cross border aggression. didn't have

enough mission, but if we see a steep escalation of pensions on the of the project border, the taliban has quickly taken many board districts. and now has control of about 2 thirds of the board with tajikistan, a russian military base and tajikistan is equipped with everything necessary to help the public in control in the border situation. if needed, additional measures will be undertaken in the spirit of the russian public alliance to prevent aggression or territorial provocation. the un security council has approved a deliveries from turkey into syria for another year. russia had threatened to block the operation, but a compromise has now been breach or diplomatic editor james base has more from the united nations. for months now, people have been concerned that russia might actually decide to use its veto and stop this. only one humanitarian crossing into syria. some had wanted that again to be more than one crossing potentially 3 crossings. the u. s. wanted, in the end,

no way at all, and put forward to russia, objected to that it went down to one for one year. russia then propose one for only 6 months. the compromise is one for 6 months, then a report from the secretary general, and then another 6 months authorization. pretty much automatically, france will have its military presence in the south region. president mighty one, my call may be announcement at summit of regional leaders. he insisted it would be a gradual withdrawal. a factory fire has killed more than 50 people in bangladesh and feared many more still trapped inside the building doesn't suffered injuries, trying to escape from upper floors and protests have taken place, demanding justice for the victims. those are the headlines. the news our is at the top of the hour, but up next is inside story with ma jim. jim, thanks for watching. see you in half an hour, bye bye. mm.

south sudan became independent him years ago. but jubilation quickly gave way to war, famine and political infighting. so what's the future for the world's youngest nation? can there be peace? this is inside story. ah, ah. hello and welcome to the program. i'm hammer, jim john, south sedans, 1st president salva kia promised a new beginning of tolerance, love, and unity. 10 years ago, the world's newest nation had gained independence after decades of war,

with the rest of sudan. but the excitement was soon replaced by a civil war of its own. fragile p steals, and humanitarian crises. solve here still leaves the nation a decade on, but he's been locked in a power. struggle with the 1st vice president react much, are many say their rivalry has hindered south sudan development, particularly relating to the countries. vast oil reserves. speaking at a ceremony to mark independence here, urged people to embrace peace. on my part, i assure you that i will not read, then you will that would again lead on wet together to recover the laws, the gate and our country back to the path of development. in these new 400000 people died in the civil war after

independence. millions are still displaced and half the population urgently need aid. despite foreign donations, worth hundreds of millions of dollars her room, we tossed the reports from the capital java. john cox, it is people voting overwhelmingly to the seed from sudan 10 years ago, wasn't a mistake. it's what happened to south to don afterwards that broke him the war in 2013. when another round of fighting in 2016 has left him traumatized. it will not only do as had been we had our collect, my brother we have get even during this douglas, my brother though it also kills. when it repeats itself,

it was audible. things are now relatively calm. i like previous t steals that failed. some people hope you didn't, he government set up last year will hold it for former rebel either react michelle fornia, the 1st vice president along with for other vice president, president salva kit and michelle, i once again trying to work together and to the elections in 2023 politicians hope this transitional period encourages refugees and internally displaced people to return to their homes. thousands of people live here and this is just one of many can cross out the door. there's no running water and not enough food, meaning fat. and you said they don't know how long they going to be and going home for several of them is not an option because of insecurity in some parts of the country. after that flood drought and into communal violence, children born often dependents have never known peace. age was to say the mediterranean crisis is listening. these are some of our greatest concern.

certainly there's a food insecurity. crisis in south sudan, 1400000 children are going to be male nurse this year, the highest number in years. key parts of the peace agreement are still to be implemented. these include established a unified national army, made of opposition and government forces. the people of south done telling the leadership that look, we tired of war, nobody once will any more. if there are some feel political leaders who are saying that they would go and mobilize some of our citizens so that they cause a fight. because they want to be leaders of this country. i don't think they will get the audience from the property. the new coalition government is trying to rebuild, focusing on various developmental and infrastructure projects. as new buildings go up in some parts of the country, uniting a bitterly divided nation building trust and making sure it's safe enough for everyone affected by conflict to return home is going to be much more difficult.

how to talk to you by the way. all right, let's bring in our guess in juba, jeffrey duque, security analyst and director of the south sudan action network on small arms. a network against armed violence in nairobi near go up to the poor, south sudan researcher for human rights watch. and also in juba. james o. cook conflict management specialist and senior research fellow at the center for strategic and policy studies. a warm welcome to you. all you go, let me start with you today. there was so much excitement in south sudan when it became an independent state. how did things so quickly go from that initial movie for you to there being a civil war breaking out. you know, just a couple of years later, we have to understand that south don gord handed a good deal and also an independent you had a new made up of various militia and

previously but it's also been sauce and i got point the person that was tearing the she had also possibly dr. jones. so from the beginning, you had a very shaky political foundation for the country. you also have to understand that the 2010 election that preceded independence had also led to insurgency. where such a new one in the electoral processes to weapons against and also the 2005 piece deal by the way, for the rental as well as dependence. also do not address that issue including the question around reconciliation. how do you reconcile only ethnic groups, but also the political leaders who are going to unite into it also do not address the issue around accountability. how do you address the legacy the want of success?

denise governments, as well as violence and abuses, had been committed by various south, and i'm again to be managed. so given that and that you had an international community, ega that was good, put together government and the state without addressing this very issue or on accountability. the building of institutions, concrete institutions that can be able to pull it up on the box. so this is some of the issues that like, you know, that made it easy for a lot in december, 2000. ready jeffery, from your point of view, were expectations, especially on the part of the international community where they just to high at the get go. and were there signs that were obvious early on that these deep seated issues just weren't being properly addressed?

i would like to talk more about the expectation of south sydney's instead of that of international community. and i do not say this protections of the news has been unrealistic that the country has a lot of potential. ready in terms of the resources both. busy mineral oil and human resources to build a viable state. debt is very, very huge. and i can tell, you know, that's actually disappointed that frustrated and down hoops held hostage. james, what are some of the biggest challenges that south sudan faces today? we have 3 major challenges, one on one of these media. she's telling being missing from the

very time of the nation and the political leaders in the country of much into, into our struggle. and they believe in military power, more than 1000000 in the country to attain violence. and these violent 60 the development progress in the country. so that's the 1st job in the 2nd charlene is institution. those need to get into that money, the public affairs. and because of this week in both leaders are always run machinery of the government on personal basis and on connection with whoever they would like to be in use the

country or the 3rd, the 3rd problem. but we have is the human capacity so, so, so then, so today is less than one to 5, but then how to utilize them and i want to put them into that i edition in the public office. if it does been a big problem. and you can try for them and, and even business connection as been the train of about pointing. i think look right into the cause. the problem will be wrong in the office of the government. so the 3 s t, u timing is up to 15000 and they have to the level of violence, but we have not because this is something more restricted by both the braces,

the community around more of the thing you go, i want to talk for a moment about the scale of human suffering and south sudan caused by the humanitarian crises there. of course, they have the world food program that has said that south sudan faces it's worst hunger crisis. it's most extreme levels of food insecurity since independence that around 60 percent of the population are enduring, severe shortages, then you have unicef. they have warned that a record for point 5000000 children, south sudan, that's 2 out of 3 children in the country are in desperate need of humanitarian support. what needs to happen in order to start getting much needed aid to people who are suffering so much? you know, 1st of all, all the figures that you pointed to why depression could like both james and jeffery have said this country started with so much promise only to fall by the way side. and so what has one of the 100 crises and likely funding the country

is facing now? is mostly a result of this man. privacy is the results of conflict year. the often see begins to see that home because of violence or the strike violence and is also the result of over the last 2 years, an escalation of what feeds a localized violence into violence that is on my reach from the military axes in shortly makes possible bargain and also and so populations in this part of the country has acute mother attrition and acute hunger. and so it does also the primary prices that has been logical and all the stuff contribute to different franchises. but you know, the government has locked up. we've been unable to invest in infrastructure.

you know, we go when you go across the country, even a dive, you'll see that there's very limited public networks. the education sector is plagued by lack of a passage and adequate access to education for several children around the country . much of much of service provision, much of you know, would security and other critical issues like health care is left in the hands of humanitarian agencies and so soft that needs to break away from the cycle aid and humanitarian dependency. and that can be done by funneling all the wealth and resources that the country has into and during this basic services are made available to ordinary citizens. but also, even before, while that is being worked on, the government has to ensure an end to obstruction of humanitarian aid. and then

we'll talk again chris and taking action when individuals that attack a operations. so no, so 500 over 120120 workers killed since the construct started in 2000 to 2 and most of the people are out for denise to denise who are sacrificing deadline to go to the front lines to actually prove to actually be able to support and help their fellow students. so a lot needs to happen, but it's about silencing the guns, the government, ensuring that's what it comes to and that will be all position, national television and the government and the talk against us to be in the, in the south part of the country. but also in shortly wire up and other cases, the government needs to take concrete action on military actors. what actually

wellings, the local violence experience jeffrey in the go there was talking at one point about the need to try to funnel oil wealth, you know, to the people to make sure that the mediterranean crises are dealt with. of course, we know this house or dan relies on crude sales for revenue that it's currently experiencing a rapid decline in oil output for a country that is so rich in oil. why are the people have sounds good and still not really seeing the benefit of that? well, i think that is mainly because of the much between the resources and needs of the citizens. the government can see, can hear the biographies of citizens. obviously all out that. but they have chosen not to, you know, allocate the need of resources to the needs of citizens. for example,

i will say that the help that they left for the engineers to do, do you know, to find them. and that is similar to the education sector and you see enormous budget allocation to the security effect. yet you cannot see that huge location transmitted into the security of the house of the developer. money doesn't make sense in the fashion of exposure, but also related to be exploration of resources as may be done in the shadows. like there's no clear transparency to truck. how much as tough to that is actually ernie in from the fellow it's resources and where this money is going and it didn't use about corruption. it's not new. now, there's a culture of unity resort since, you know,

coming in from oil and the minerals are going into the dark perry pockets of individuals. yet there is nothing, nothing being done, you know, to stop. that's the flow of the national resources into individual pockets. we have the anti corruption commission which illustrates the existence of it's too slow to talk corruption. that is not function. he said that the anti put up some commission for leslie was created to exist rather than to function. so unless the government changes its attitude to let the government officials new public resources and get away with it, we'll see, you know, what massages continue to go to the point where the people are faster. bankruptcy net. james,

there are observers and analysts who say that foreign donors need to revise their approach to aid and that they need to start holding south student these leaders accountable. how likely is that to happen? yeah, it can often, it needs a courage from they don't know. and so these donors have been supporting the government that does not care for delivery or a long time, right from the independence united in 2011. there are a lot of unity in the public institution, but have us use the management i nonsense and they don't. those are not thinking enough tension on, but they kept putting money to house to done.

and also they kept sending their own money just to come on and, and take care of those donors fun and know much attention. been paid to the government institution including the but get it. how do they design that? but it's flying on the business with the but if the budget lines are out of design and even after the budget to be approved by the parliament, is it followed or it is not for an almighty. as i look through the service, i think that i know mike is it meant that i think level, they might look you ready sort of development all these pushing i've not been and then don't know where he's the bringing money but not not paying attention to me. any, whether these my,

me are you to enhancing the capacity of, of folks with them to take care of it. so $1.00 to $1.00. it's on this to me like there is of the nation. thick invading, defend a long time ago. so there has been, does not go far knuckle, but tension from the government and whatever they brings. and they think that if he's a young country and there's no much say about it, let's, let's come from, i mean, those leave this until you know, a lot better. but then years on the line, those leaders, i've never learned anything yet. i know. listen, they are learning, they keep it, you know, they seem to go monday then of course, they know somebody will come and pick a nationwide they can't, this one's ability pick and by the,

by the going to why and they there are no waiting source. you see an acceptable. 1 as far as the responsibility of a government assisting point, i don't know maybe to make sure that said this, i believe, but the thing that is not happening is they don't as a human, it's not in me that's not part of the well, for example, the ministry of what we call the end one is moving the all the medicine brought down. the government does not have any had any. if you all don't, if you don't get that taken care of and it's not a but the memo grew up and they let me all those donors. i think that is, i think the dorm is not the 6 or the same 40. they have abundant features. they are not putting the salary, they are not paying them for them to run the school like,

but they don't be taking care of the school and the government funded that it's for community for james, i'm sorry, i'm sorry to interrupt you, but we're starting to run out of time need to go, can i ask you to talk a little bit about the kind of toll that the trauma caused by the civil war has taken on civilians in south sudan. the civil war was extremely brutal. it took a horrific toll. i was marked by, you know, rapes killings, child soldier recruitment. what kind of tool has it taken on everybody and also where do things stand when it comes to the establishment of accountability mechanisms like perhaps a war crimes court. right. i mean, i think, you know, when we talk about the civil war in the past, and you may have been ended by the 2018 p still, but it's a group of cautions and its consequences. i still thought even to be and so all

sides of the government and i like mission, your bill, all of your issues. all of them cannot claim you know, sense of what has happened to all sides killed to be committed, great ducted to billions, and also be true to children and youth children. so, reckoning from the can of the abuses that have been committed is something better than watson. so that we don't have to have another conversation about war reaching out because it would cost, it will not be addressed. and so now the government, you know, it has to ensure accountability for all this broad violations in boston, uses the peace deal that they have signed, condom them, to establish a war, crime, and partnership with africa as a hybrid. now in january, the government preach stablish to walk around the court and the commission and truth reconciliation as well as recreation. and now they, yes to follow through,

along with the african, you know, to make this part of the honesty, this caught, you know, chapter 5 piece deal is one of those chapters that flex the wheels of the south. so when you look at the entirety of the, you know, this, this segment of the piece is quite important. but even beyond that, the government needs to ensure reliable incredible institution of justice. the justice factor in one of the sectors has been under invested in under prioritized and started on and so along with creating this ensure in this war crimes come to a reality that have to be in the judiciary to ensure independence, to ensure enough budget to allow it to build its own capacity. all right, we have run out of time, so we're going to have to leave the conversation there. thank you so much. all of our guest jeffrey duque. yeah, go to the poor and james cook and thank you to for watching. you can see this and

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