seriously, but also for the whole discussion around how to get racism out of football and out of society to be taken most seriously. the special envoy for climate change john carries in moscow trying to encourage russia to cut carbon emissions in the 1st step of a 4 day visit carries meeting, the foreign minister saggy leverage to discuss joint cooperation. ah, this is al jazeera, these are the top stories. south africa's military has been deployed to protest, triggered by the jailing of the former president jacob's duma. at least 6 people have been killed during days of riots and more than 200 arrested me to mila has more now from so later. thousands of people have descended on the small behind me in. so where to where luke things been going on for at least a few hours,

many of the stores have been ransacked, and the police slip is spoken to. he said, they simply don't have enough resources. effective been pushed back by these looters. some of them stationed within the car park as soon as any of the looters apprehended by police rocks, a throne and police have to leave. cuba. president miguel diaz canal has blamed the united states was stirring up on rest after the biggest antique government protest and decades. us president joe biden says america stands with cubans and their rights. the canals as washington is solely responsible. the cuban economic was loafing, nancy, i mean to care. i'm a pull you are receiving. the lack of finance for governance is due to the aggressive policy of blockade and financial persecution by the us being maintained by the government. and we have not been able to maintain and fix the power supply planning and england will go ahead with plans to lift nearly all corona virus

restrictions in a week. the health minister such job, it says it's the right time to get the country back to normal. life the us government warning china, any attack on the philippines in the south china sea will drawer of response under a mutual defense treaty activism. manila rallied on the 5th anniversary of a court ruling against paintings, claims the territory in the south china sea. a court in jordan has sentenced a full minister and a member of the royal family to 15 years in prison on charges of attempting to destabilize the monarchy. they were accused of pushing form at the throne, prince humble as an alternative to king of dollar u. k. prime minister boris johnson has condemned online racist abuse against england. black footballers, 3 players were targeted after missing penalty kicks in sunday is euro 2020 final defeat to italy. those are your headlines. the news continues here on our, to 0 of the inside story on back after that with the news on. see that by news

news, news the, the world is facing a food crisis like never before. more than 3 quarters of a 1000000000 people went hungry last year. 3 quarters of a 1000000000. so what can be done to help? and who's going to do it? this is inside store. ah, ah. hello and welcome to the program. i'm a hammer, jim, jim, world hunger is increasing dramatically and governments must back now if they want

to live up to the pledge of ending the problem by 2030. the stark warning was issued by 5 un agencies in this year state of global food security and nutrition report. it says up to 811000000 people were undernourished last year. the largest increase was in africa, while asia accounted for more than half of all people who lacked access to food. the agencies say the fall out of corona virus has obviously had an effect on the worsening crisis. but climate change conflicts and a widening gap between rich and poor are major drivers as well. i'm of all has more on the findings of the report. ha, 25 year old. that is a single mom with 3 children. she doesn't have a job and her life in the village hobble in western golf care has become virtually impossible, had children a malnourished. but now there's at least some help. a team from m. s. f. doctors without borders has arrived. the i am really happy,

i dance like this as i'm really happy. without this aid would have died, we'd been eating roots, which gave us permanent stomach a. as a woman, i personally no longer have enough energy to go and dig up those routes. even men are unable to do so anymore. families in desperate need of food and medical assistance gathering. doctors without borders has set up make shift centers. some of the families looking for health, how to work long distance, move just a moment. we've come upon a food crisis. yeah. so we launched an urgent deployment. when we choose to do this this way because health centers and the regions infrastructures cannot deal with the crisis of this magnitude. right now we take charge of children with cases of severe and moderate mel nutrition and we also treat other diseases, mostly malaria, intestinal paris, seaters, and diarrhea. but the gasket is experiencing the worst drought in 40 years. agencies warned that more than a 1000000 people are facing severe food shortages. but it's just one of many

countries with the same difficulty that you are report revealed and dramatic worsting of the food security situation in 2020. the number of mountain people in the world continues to 118000000 more people were facing hunger, one in 2019 moderate or severe food insecurity has been claiming slowly for 6 years and now affects almost a 3rd of the world's population. africa is hardest hit, followed by latin america. report says covey 19 has had an effect, but so to have conflicts found the world. and it says urgent action is needed to avoid an obvious catastrophe. had fun and dizzy. ah. all right, let's bring in our guess. joining us via skype from cape town, the only issue bear

a science writer and the author of the hungry season feeding southern africa cities from rome. mark of any c o sanchez co director of the s o f. i 2021 report and deputy director of agrifood economics at f a l. and joining us from edinburgh. fiona 4th week, a researcher at the university of edinburgh and program director at the global academy of agriculture and food security. a warm welcome to you all, and thanks for joining us today on inside story marco, let me start with you around the world. how much worse did food insecurity and hunger get in 2020? thank you. i think the march is a story that you would say in the year of the pandemic plane. but initially with our partners, we with a license issued to a show ever since the report was launch 2017 at that time and were really seen so that conflicts on many regions in the world we're creating problems for hunger.

and then the next year we continue to live in this iteration, keeping that i don't think, i think we realize that well, it's teams and but ability. i also is planning a lot of the anger situation. then again, the year after we did take the com, slowed down, we're, you know, creating solar for tiger in the world. and then you find them, it comes and you know, we were really noticing that 1000000000 people were not even affording the cheapest diets. now because they keep them in columns, and that's to these problems in a nutshell, we don't really see into conflict. i mean, whatever the industry and economy gets down, in addition to that because of the healthy food, where did drug the reason enough taking her that we started to observe 14 and worked in 2017 in low middle income countries. now the funding bonds with all the force and that's a huge i'm present,

it is economy downturn that make these my work. so giving workers that mystical uncertainty with phases, year to collect data, we have between 720000000 people to 811 under nursing world. and as you go to the stream of the bound, it means that 161 more people when time with the year due to all of these drivers that were accumulated into 1st interacting. but then worse, in 19 funding, we only hearing those statistics that were rattled off by marco just now from years past. i'm left with this thought. the concerns about food insecurity. they very much pr date the pandemic. do they not? they do indeed. you know, i think the covert lockdown and containment measures heightened very fragile food system and economic system that, that already had so many people living in

a state of food poverty. i think it's largely just hidden in the privacy of people's homes. because as we, as we see in sub saharan africa dependent access to food is the question, it's not about whether we produce enough food. there's plenty of food, but people have to access that. and in order to access the food, people need to be able to buy into the food system. they need a job, a livelihood. and as soon as local economies shut down with the locked down, people lost the ability to access that food. and if, unless we restructure the food system and make people more able to access food, i eat by having a livelihood or job, et cetera, or social grants. we weren't address the very historic reasons for this for poverty . fiona, this increase in global hunger. i mean, it really puts into stark relief that conflict and also inequality really continue to impact the most vulnerable people around the world. correct?

actually, and i think we really need to focus on the fact that it is the most vulnerable inch, including children. he really experienced the brittle reality of these awful numbers coming out. and the report you're talking about indicates that there is an increase in children who are experiencing something and wasting. and this of course, will have a detrimental impact on their health and development throughout their lives. and hon. ringback communities in the different regions around the world are dealing with a variety of different pressures that access to feed, to other members of the panel of discuss. but it will say being able to utilize that fetal store that said, in terms of the disruptions that they felt this year through disruptions to

production and storage and access to market, say it so many different faxes are contributions. see this up 10 people here are experiencing hunger, marco, one of the things that was highlighted in the report is that 6 years ago, the global community pledged to end hunger by the year 2030 last year. as we now know, based on the findings of the report, a 10th of the world's population, that's around 811000000 people were under. nourished, that is heartbreaking. that is staggering. so i need to ask at this stage, is that goal of ending hunger by 2030 in any way? doable. or is it realistic? you take the where we were team can take is not realistic to think about this because we were looking at how to solve the problem from a tyler perspective. so we would be willing to do report debt sidle solutions will

not up because as the order confirmation there is one thing that needs to be done is transformation. now, here we are no longer talking about didn't. we will find the culture of afoot. but we're talking about how it system back to address precisely the drivers of wood into confusion that we have seen over the years. so it means that normally we have to change our systems in the most difficult because we used to think about. but now we have to think about how we've been directing with owner systems. for example, the health system. you want to talk about cation, it's not only about how the system, but body count systems use the policies that are out there to make, just to do the work, the cation, or social shopping. for example, if cation policies directed with systems and know that we need to ration from one or if there's such just go over those 2 issues. we acknowledge when data, when

a human capital. so this is a huge formation, it's very hard to think about it. i think you really think about a possible, you know, it's possible that has many pieces. you need to form it properly. now you, it was just in some, it precisely research thinking. that's how we need to start thinking we are to achieve like 20, not silos, but systems approaches, leoni. we were talking before about income inequality and how that's a huge barrier in trying to count her food insecurity. i want to look at how that plays out. i mean, we're talking, you know, what the most human and personal level that there are people who simply cannot afford the cost of a healthy diet right here. so let's think about 3 different kinds of diets. many people have access to an energy efficient diet. it's whether they have access to a nutrients, sufficient died or healthy diet. that is the question. and what we seeing in africa increasingly in the last decade also is the rise in overweight of the city and the

other so called lifestyle related diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. now in many respects, these conditions are occurring in the same household that traditionally would show childhood standing. so what this is showing us is that the entire family is getting an energy sufficient diet, but not a nutrient sufficient diet. so we need to understand what the economic forces are behind that. and the 2 of the matter is that increasingly in the african continent, we're seeing these large multinational corporations that are able to produce these industrial food like products that, that flood the shows that look like food that tastes like food. but in fact, not really food. and these, these items are extremely cheap, they have a long shelf life, so they can obviously safer for people to buy. and they crowd out the shelves and replace in people's diet the healthier, nutritious,

perishable foods that are going to keep them well in the long run. so we need to think about what on the macro economic policies that have allowed these large multi nationals to get a such a strong foothold and expand their market into africa as much as they have. and i think what is very important in terms of this, this report that we're looking at today is that it recommends a whole series of responses that governance can take in order to limit the reach and dominance of these multi nationals and allow a more new chain friendly feed value chain, if he on or if we're talking about potential actions that governments around the world can take from your vantage point. how could inequalities and food systems best be addressed? i mean, what do you think needs to happen in order for this to start changing and i think we need to recognize that these systems are increasingly global. and so we need to respond as an international community. i think that the complexity of addressing

this, this issue is because feed systems interact with so many different aspects of our political systems. our hands are personalized as well as industry. and i think what i recognize that there have been failings in my regional development. i think we need to look really closely at where we've seen positive action and where markets can be beneficial in terms of investing in value chains to provide infrastructure and to provide systems that can respond to shock. and we also need to look to strengthen international institution so that they can focus on on piece building and conflict resolution, which is at the heart of many of these, these issues. and i think that the past year government and looking

inwards and responding to the pandemic, has really highlighted that they have maybe taken that i off some of these really important label. clients like climate change. and we need to return to working together as an international level. i think we also need to learn a little lessons from the pandemic in terms of listening to the label. chrisy. i'm so we know that crisis is exacerbating many of these issues. we'll say that that obesity pandemic is likely to, will say, leads to an exacerbation of diet related illnesses and things such as anti microbial resistance being related very much to see systems. so you're saying to look to the future and how we're going to respond to these various issues. and so that we don't see this up in the label hunger again. the next

label crisis mark. fiona was just saying that we need to look toward the future that we need to start looking toward solutions. so let me ask you, do you believe there's going to be a more globally coordinated response effort going forward and also how, how do these countries come together and start being able to transform food systems in order to achieve food security? i mean, can these food systems actually be transformed? i think, i think what if you wanna change something very important. i mean, food systems have become more global. so it's very tough to control system unless globally, or contact me on something. so you can, so me is aiming at that now what, what we have allies have companies to work out well for countries to learn from. one of countries is by exposing the best practices. so if you see in the report

that you would put across, as many may have worked out of the world with it because of station we did, you know, webinar, we did learn from one or press based on all that knowledge. we have put some examples. we have proposed 6 bodies of transformation and how those are taken by contra depend on their own current, the funding this or the quality. for example, we know in the initial, hadn't been there for the whole time and we need backlit. but in tackling inequality, we normally solve the problem list will work on, for example, what environments assumption behavior, how consumers are. yeah. because that consumes more money than it's very many will consume well. so this is a racial issues and lives as the us system where we can were practically out there for government to learn, but only one quarter. mister merrick usability consumer is an all fast trying to

understand how to choose from nation, which is some kind of work out for the benefit of the people on the planet as well . so we only let me ask you when it comes to food insecurity, how much is the crisis exacerbated by food waste and how much of food that gets produced around the world goes to waste? well, it depends which market you're looking at in wealthier markets sometimes as much as 50 percent of all of the calories coming out of a farm might be wasted or lost at some point between farm and folk. in the developing world context, it's much less than that. possibly a 3rd of all of that food is wasted, which of course is a terrible waste of all of the the environmental resources that went into producing that food, as well as the waste the nutrients themselves. one of the things that i'm arguing here from the southern african context is if we think that we have limited atmospheric space list in order to for instance, continue producing food that has

a carbon footprints. it is a terrible waste of that atmosphere space to use any of it to produce food like products that end up leaving people hungry, heavy and sick. so i think we also need to reframe the issue of food waste. there are multiple solutions coming out around how to deal with food waste. but i think if we could expand this quantification of food where to also see these highly, highly industrialized, highly refined foods or food like products as a form of waste. that would also help us reframe and also to internalize some of the health and environmental extra analogies of the current feed system, which are not accounted for at the moment. fiona, how much of a toll is being taken by climate change and also by climate related disasters? again, this really varies regionally and in different parts of the globe was seeing an exacerbation of droughts increase intensity of storms. and that i think it's

accepted is attributed to, to climate change. and that's going to increase in the next decade. and again, it comes down to this inequality and waste hon communities who don't have the capacity to respond to those crises and to those changes in the climate system. and so both from, in terms of the production perspective and in terms of household food security, that is going to increase the abilities that those communities experience. marco, what are some of the worst effected regions in the world right now when it comes to the worsening food insecurity? sure, i mean, this year in particular, we have managed to understand how increasing tender associated to some of these drivers. and interesting to see that, you know,

when i think drivers talking about conflict with shoving greek and pretty density, i'm talking about climate change. i'm talking about economy gets low and to the college effect. and then we also have to keep in mind the inequalities that we have been talking about just to give them an example of the number that you mentioned at the beginning, the additional $161.00 more than many people that are affected by hunger. you do compose the reaches into what we call the provider. so under the number you're the composite, what you're seeing is that when these drivers have happened in the war to get interacting, affecting conscious discipline, the ignores mean, these are wrong. 12 percent tell you, i mean countries where these, these things don't interact and then only one of them think a lot of them climate don't want explain points or they increase compared to that was not affected by clement. now you put this needs to get one of our new

ones. we're not is that enough weekend, for example. you see that conflict climate having direct and much more, much more than you know, the reason to explain to greece. and i think of course, there's not only the prevalence on the nourishment as percent the defamation, but also if you train going forward to turning your model harm in increasing hunger . but no, you don't want to marry from the current again, you will see that it's coming down, whatever it is when the functions. so it's back from, from connecticut, right? but they can not talk about it without a shot, because the biggest population we did, anything that happens there is a little piece of one percent and it brought the talking about meeting some people right. lee, only, i guess one of the sad is aspects of all this is that you know, these warnings as dire as they are. they're not new. the recommendations that are being made really aren't new. i'm curious about your opinion on, if you believe that governments will actually start trying to change economic

policies in order to try to help improve the situation. i have to be honest, i'm a little bit cynical about the way the governments will respond and, and will exert great influence over the food system. at the moment. a lot of these large multi nationals might have more bargaining power than many of the countries that they are trading in, in the african context. there are some interesting figures around that, but to, you know, there are some wonderful policy opportunities that they can adopt. for instance, if they were, were to choose to, i mean, i could, i could give you 2 examples. of course, the food system is extremely complex, so there is no silver bullet solution. but you know, to quick examples in the african context we have seen in the city, for instance, many africans cities tend to regard the shopping mall and these large supermarket chains as an example or demonstration of a nice wealthy,

developed city. so city level policies often tend to favor these kinds of developmental approaches, but shopping malls are in fact that tend to drive a nutritional transition, so they drive people away from healthier diet, right to these industrialized food like products. but at the same time, local researches have shown the importance of informal markets within african cities, both as a source of nutrients, as well as a source of livelihood, so that people can access nutrients. so cities in africa need to prioritize informal markets, even if they don't look at aspiration, right? since as a shopping room. all right, we have run out of times, we're going to have to leave our conversation there. thank you so much. all of our guests on asia bear, marco venetia, sanchez and fiona both week and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again anytime by visiting our website, algebra dot com and for further discussion go to our facebook page. that's facebook

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