most recently and just been announced that we have secured funding to build the 1st factory to manufacture hundreds of millions of these senses here in australia. but again, you can always find much more on our web site. the address for that is l g. is there a dot com ah, this down there at the top stories rebel forces integral. i say, that sees the major tone and a new offensive in ethiopia. a rebel spokesman says the town of riah has been taken . it's the most intense fighting since they took the main city of mckayla in june. katherine soy has more from him era in particular region. well, what we're hearing is that the t t s. 2 great defense forces are making. 1 calls and. 1 we're told re to a town called korean. it's not clear whether they are in full control of

a lack of that's what. 5 counts right, we have seen you very difficult to verify and dependently this video because communication is still down in many parts of the grove. we have seen video of what appears to be in forces and special forces withdrawing from that. 1 iraq's government, his blaming corruption for a hospital fathers killed at least 64 people. the prime minister is promising accountability. after the plays at a corona, virus isolation, ward. several local officials have been suspended and arrested. in april, a similar incident led to widespread protests, violence and looting, a continuing, and parts of south africa, the form of president jacob's uhm was jailed for 15 months. at least 10 people have been killed and hundreds arrested. them, it is in prison after he had been found guilty of contempt of court. maneesha is

enduring, its worst wave of groan of are so far, averaging about 9000 new cases in the past 5 days, hospitals are overwhelmed from medical work is a, there is a shortage of vital equipment, including oxygen, ventilation. the surgeon infections is being blamed on the delta variance. indonesia is also in the grip of a worsening outbreak with a record $40000.00 new infections reported on monday. people are still having problems getting oxygen and medication is hard to come by. to spain, most popular tourist regions rolling out new measures to rein in growing corona virus cases. catalonia is limited private and public gatherings to 10 people. while in valencia, a curfew is being imposed. the headlines, the news will continue here on al jazeera and off the inside story. see then, i started cheerfully in front of the next museum in amsterdam, hundreds of protesters scattered to the man. the government is locked down restrictions and lift the curfew. the 1st in the country since world war 2,

the threat is that we lose our freedoms. the testers who are not following social distances rules are repeatedly ordered to disperse by police. police is trying very hard friends. the scenario that happened last week, when thousands were rioting and sitting across the latter, after some protest started throwing stones. and that's enough for your work. police on horseback moved in to clear the area ah, the world is facing a food crisis like never before. more than 3 quarters of a 1000000000 people went hungry last year. 3 quarters of a 1000000000. so what can be done to help? and who's going to do it? this is inside store. ah.

hello and welcome to the program. i'm a hammer, jim, jim, world hunger is increasing dramatically and governments must back now if they want to live up to the pledge of ending the problem by 2030. the star warning was issued by 5 us agencies in this year state of global food security and nutrition report. it says up to 811000000 people were undernourished last year. the largest increase was in africa, while asia accounted for more than half of all people who lacked access to food. the agencies say the fall out of corona virus has obviously had an effect on the worsening crisis. but climate change conflicts and a widening gap between rich and poor are major drivers as well. how many of all has more on the findings of the report? ha, 25 year old. that is a single mom with 3 children. she doesn't have a job and her life in the village hobble in west and the golf care has become virtually impossible. her children,

a malnourished. but now there's at least some help. a team from m. s. f. doctors without borders has arrived. the i am really happy, i dance like this, as i'm really happy. without this aid would have died, would been eating lutes, which gave us permanent stomach a. as a woman, i personally no longer have enough energy to go and dig up those fruit. even men are unable to do so anymore. families in desperate need for food and medical assistance i gathering doctors without borders, has set up made shift centers. some of the families looking for health, how to work long distances more just a moment. we've come upon a food crisis. yeah. so we launched an urgent deployment. when we choose to do this this way because health centers and the regions infrastructures cannot deal with the crisis of this magnitude. right now we take charge of children with cases of severe and moderate malnutrition, and we also treat other diseases, mostly malaria,

intestinal para, c, toes, and diarrhea. but the gasket is experiencing the worst drought in 40 years. agencies warned that more than a 1000000 people are facing severe food shortages. but it's just one of many countries with the same difficulty that you are report revealed and dramatic worsting of the food security situation in 2020. the number of mountain people in the world continues to rise. 118000000 more people were facing hunger, one in 2019 moderate or severe food insecurity, has been claiming slowly for 6 years and now affects almost a 3rd of the world's population. africa is hardest hit, followed by latin america. report says covey 19 has had an effect, but so to have conflicts found the world, and it says urgent action is needed to avoid an obvious catastrophe. had fun and

dizzy. ah. all right, let's bring in our guess. joining us via skype from cape town. the owners who bear a science writer and the author of the hungry season feeding southern africa cities from rome, marco venetia, sanchez, co director of the s o f. i 2021 report and deputy director of agrifood economics at f a l. and joining us from edinburgh, fiona 4th week, a researcher at the university of edinburgh and program director at the global academy of agriculture and food security. a warm welcome to you all, and thanks for joining us today on inside story marco, let me start with you around the world. how much worse did food insecurity and hunger get in 2020? thank you. i think the march is a story that you would say in the year of the pandemic plane. but in, if you were partners with the licensee situation, ever since the report was large,

2017 at that time and were really seen so that conflicts on many regions in the world. we're creating problems for hunger. and then next year we can utilize the situation and keep that. i don't think we realize that well, i mean streams and but ability. i also is planning a lot of the anger situation. then again, the year after we detected that slowed down where, you know, creating solar for trunk or in the world and then you and then it comes and, you know, we were really noticing that you've been people. we're not even affording this cheap diet. now, because i think for them it comes and that's to these problems, you know, not chill reaching into conflict. i mean, whatever the streams and economy gets low down. in addition to that, because of the healthy food where did drug, they're really not picking her that we started to observe. 14 and it got worse in

2017, in low middle income countries. now the funding bonds with all the force and that's a huge present economy downturn that makes it worse. so giving one statistical uncertainty, we'd phases, year to collect data. we have between 720000000 people to a 111 under nursing wall. and as you go to the stream of the bound, you means that 161 more people wait time with the year due to all of these drivers that were accumulate in their 1st interacting. but then worse than, but other than that, the only hearing those statistics that were rattled off by marco just now from years past. i'm left with this thought. the concerns about food insecurity. they very much pr date the pandemic. do they not? they do indeed, you know, i think the covert locked out and containment measures heightened very

fragile food system and economic system that, that already had so many people living in a state of food poverty. i think it's largely just hidden in the privacy of people's homes. because as we were to be seen in sub saharan africa, dependent access to food is the question. it's not about whether we produce enough food. there's plenty of food, but people have to access that. and in order to access the food, people need to be able to buy into the food system. they need a job, a livelihood. and as soon as local economy shut down with the locked down, people lost the ability to access that food. and if, unless we restructure the food system and make people more able to access food, i eat by having a livelihood or job, et cetera, or social grants. we want to address the very historic reasons for this feed poverty. fiona, this increase in global hunger. i mean,

it really puts into stark relief that conflict and also inequality really continue to impact the most vulnerable people around the world. correct? absolutely, and i think we really need to focus on the fact that it is the most vulnerable inch, including children. he really experienced the brittle reality of these awful numbers coming out. and the report that you're talking about indicates that there is an increase in children who are experiencing something and wasting. and this of course, will have a detrimental impact on health and development throughout their life. and hon communities in the different regions around the world are dealing with a variety of different pressures that access to feed the members of the panel of discuss. but it will say being able to utilize that fetal

store that said in terms of the disruptions that they felt this year through destruction to production and storage and access to market, say it so many different faxes are conjugating. see this up 10 people here experiencing hunger marco. one of the things that was highlighted in the report is that 6 years ago, the global community pledged to end hunger by the year 2030 last year. as we now know, based on the findings of the report, a 10th of the world's population, that's around 811000000 people were under. nourished, that is heartbreaking. that is staggering. so i need to ask at this stage, is that goal of ending hunger by 2030 in any way? doable. or is it realistic? you take the where we were team can take not realistic to think about this because

we were looking at how to solve the problem from a tyler perspective. so we would be willing to do report debt sidle solutions will not up the cat and the other colleagues nation. there is one thing that needs to be done. just transformation. now, here we are no longer talking about didn't. you will find the culture of afoot. but we're talking about how it would system, but to address precisely the 4 drivers would insecurity confusion that we have seen over the years. so it means that normally we have 2 systems in there. most typically we used to think about, but now we have to think about how we've been directing with owner systems. for example, the health system you want to talk about cation is not only about how the system, but body count systems use the policies that are out there to make, just to do the work cation or social shopping. for example, if cation policies directed with systems and know that we need to the racial for

motor accent, there's just governance shows we acknowledge when data, when human capital. so this is a huge formation, it's very hard to think about it. i think you really think about a bustle possible that has many pieces as you need to form it properly. now you, it was just in some it precisely reset thinking. that's how we need to start thinking. we are to go like 20, not silos, but systems approaches lee only we were talking before about income inequality and how that's a huge barrier in trying to count her food insecurity. i want to look at how that plays out. i mean, we're talking, you know, what the most human and personal level that there are people who simply cannot afford the cost of a healthy diet. right? so let's think about 3 different kinds of diets. many people have access to an

energy efficient diet. it's whether they have access to a nutrients, sufficient dive or healthy diet. that is the question. and what we seeing in africa increasingly in the last decade also is the rise in overweight with the city and the other so called lifestyle related diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. now in many respects, these conditions are occurring in the same household that traditionally would show childhood stunting. so what this is showing us is that the entire family is getting an energy sufficient diet, but not a nutrients, sufficient diet. so we need to understand what the economic forces are behind that . and the truth of the matter is that increasingly in the african continent, we're seeing these large, multinational corporations that are able to produce these industrial food like products that, that flood the shows that look like food that tastes like food. but in fact, not really food. and these, these items are extremely cheap, they have

a long shelf life, so they can obviously safer for people to buy. and they crowd out the shelves and replace in people's diet the healthier, nutritious, perishable foods that are going to keep them well in the long run. so we need to think about what on the macro economic policies that have allowed these large multi nationals. she get a such a strong foothold and expand their market into africa as much as they have. and i think what is very important in terms of this, this report that we're looking at today is that it recommends a whole series of responses that governance can take in order to limit the reach and dominance of these multi nationals and allow a more new chain friendly feed value chain, if he, on our, if we're talking about potential actions that governments around the world can take from your vantage point. how can inequalities and food systems best be addressed? i mean, what do you think needs to happen in order for this to start changing and i think

we need to recognize that the systems are increasingly global. and so we need to respond as an international community. i think that the complexity of addressing this, this issue is because feed systems interact with so many different aspects of our political systems. ringback our hands are personalized as well as industry, and i think what i recognize that there have been failings in my regional development. i think we need to look really closely at where we've seen positive action and where markets can be beneficial in terms of investing in value chains to provide infrastructure and to provide systems that can respond to shop. and we also need to look to strengthen international institution so that they can focus on on piece building and conflict resolution, which is at the heart of many of these,

these issues. and i think that the past year government and looking inwards and responding to the pandemic, has really highlighted that they have maybe taken that i off some of these really important label crime, the climate change. and we need to return to working together as an international level. i think we also need to learn a little lessons from the pandemic in terms of listening to the food label chrisy. i'm so we know that crisis is exacerbating many of these issues. we'll say that that obesity pandemic is, is likely to say, leads to an exacerbation of diet related illnesses and things such as anti microbial resistance being related very much to see systems. we also to look to the

future and how we going to respond to these various issues. and so that we don't see this plan in label hunger again one way the next label crisis mark. fiona was just saying that we need to look toward the future that we need to start looking toward solutions. so let me ask you, do you believe there's going to be a more globally coordinated response effort going forward and also how, how do these countries come together and start being able to transform food systems in order to achieve food security? i mean, can these food systems actually be transformed? i think, i think was fiona into something very important. i mean, food systems have become more global. so it's very tough to control global system unless, globally, or contact me on something. so the us system, so maybe it's

a minute that now what, what we have lives have companies to work out well for countries to learn from. one of the countries is by exposing the best practices. so if you see in the report that we put across many may have worked out the world. we did coastal station we did, you know, webinar, we did learn from one or press based on all that knowledge. we have put some examples. we have proposed 6 parties of transformation and how those are taken by country depend on their own current. the funding is on the quality. for example, we know in the initial have been there for the whole time and we need backlit. but in tackling inequality we normally solve the problem list will work. busy on, for example, when environments consumption behavior, how consumers out, because it consumes more money than it's very many will consume well. so this is a mission issues and lives at the us system where we can,

is practice out there for government to learn, but only for corners to learn about the consumer. use that all fast trying to understand how to jump from ation o. different systems kind of work out for the benefit of the people on the planet as well. so we only let me ask you when it comes to food insecurity, how much is the crisis exacerbated by food waste and how much of food that gets produced around the world goes to waste? well, it depends which market you're looking at and wealthier markets sometimes as much as 50 percent of all of the calories coming out of a farm might be wasted or lost at some point between farm and folk. in the developing world context, it's much less than that. possibly a 3rd of all that food is wasted, which of course is a terrible waste of all of the environmental resources that went into producing that food. as well as the waste the nutrients themselves. one of the things that

i'm arguing here from the southern african context is if we think that we have limited atmospheric space list in order to for instance, continue producing food that has a carbon footprints. is a terrible waste of that atmosphere space to use any of it to produce food like products that end up leaving people hungry, heavy and sick. so i think we also need to reframe the issue of food waste. there are multiple solutions coming out around how to deal with food waste. but i think if we could expand this quantification of food where to also see these highly, highly industrialized, highly refined foods or food like products as a form of waste. that would also help us refrain and also to, to internalize some of the health and environmental extra analogies of the current feed system, which are not accounted for at the moment. fiona, how much of a toll is being taken by climate change and also by climate related disasters?

again, this really varies regionally and in different parts of the globe was seeing an exacerbation of the droughts increase intensity of storms. and that i think it's accepted is attributed to, to climate change and that's going to increase in the next decade. and again, it comes down to this inequality and waste hon communities who don't have the capacity to respond to those crises. and to those changes in the climate system. and so both from, in terms of the production perspective and in terms of household food security, that is going to increase the vulnerabilities that those communities experience. marco, what are some of the worst effected regions in the world? right? now when it comes to the worsening food insecurity. sure, i mean this year in particular,

we have managed to understand how the creasing tender associated to some of these drivers. and interesting to see that, you know, when i think drivers about conflict, which is increasing pretty and density, i'm talking about kind of strange, i'm talking about economy gets low into the college effect. and then we also have to keep in mind the inequalities that we have been talking about just to give them an example of the number that you mentioned at the beginning. the additional $161.00 more than many people that aren't updated by hunger. you to compose the reaches into what we call the prevalence under that number for you to compose it. what you're seeing is that when these drivers have happened in the world to get into writing, affecting conscious discipline, that means wrong. 12 percent tell you that the country where these, these things don't interact and then only one of them single out of the climate.

don't wanna explain the points of david increase competitor that was not affected by clement. now you put this needs to get all over what you will notice that we come, for example, you see that conflict on climate having direct and much more, much more than you know, to read, to explain increase and africa. of course, not only the prevalence of wonder, nor is meant as a percentage of defamation, but also in train going forward to turning model harm in prison, hunger. but no, you want to marry from the current again, you will see that coming down, whatever it is mentioned. so it's back from, from contract to right. you cannot talk about it without a shot. because the biggest population in the world, anything that happens there even is a little piece of work present in the present when the norse, talking about me, some people. right. leona, i guess one of the saddest aspects of all this is that you know,

these warnings as dire as they are. they're not new. the recommendations that are being made really aren't new. i'm curious about your opinion on, if you believe that governments will actually start trying to change economic policies in order to try to help improve the situation. i have to be honest, i'm a little bit cynical about the way the government will respond and, and will exert great influence over the food system at the moment. a lot of these large multi nationals might have more bargaining power than many of the countries that they are trading in, in the african context. there are some interesting figures around that, but to, you know, there are some wonderful policy opportunities that they can adopt. for instance, if they were, were to choose to, i mean, i could, i could give you 2 examples. of course, the food system is extremely complex, so there is no silver bullet solution. but you know, to quick examples in the african context we have seen in the city, for instance,

many african cities tend to regard the shopping mall and these large supermarket chains as an example or demonstration of a nice wealthy, developed city. so city level policies often tend to favor these kinds of developmental approaches, but shopping malls are in fact that tend to drive a nutritional transition, so they drive people away from healthier diet, right to these industrialized food like products. but at the same time, local researches have shown the importance of informal markets within african cities, both as a source of nutrients, as well as a source of livelihood, so that people can access nutrients. so cities in africa need to prioritize informal markets, even if they don't look as expiration, right since as a shopping room. all right, we have run out of time. we're going to have to leave our conversation there. thank you so much. all of our guests, we need your bear mark of an

e. c o sanchez and fiona both week. and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again anytime by visiting our website, al jazeera dot com, and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ag inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. our handle is at a inside store for me, how much am jerome and the whole team here, bye for now. the going to read the conservation part of the book, bringing nature and people together to work with what like, it's my passion. my job is linking the to the content and what do you need in the epic unmarried? you need to find a bubble or do we have to? i have to teach the community living with one lives. it's excellent, elliot limbo, riding with elliot, my son, bob boy,

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the who's the rebel forces integral. i said, have launched a new offense if the major tone and if you know, ah kimbell, this is out there a lot from don't also coming up at least 64 people bed in a far covered 900 isolation ward and a hospital in iraq, south africa present orders in the army to deal with violence and after the jailing of former lead.